{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:04:36Z","timestamp":1776881076774,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":25,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3287098.3287113","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T18:42:31Z","timestamp":1547059351000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Uncovering mobile infrastructure in developing countries with crowdsourced measurements"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Mah-Rukh","family":"Fida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahesh K.","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Airtel. {n. d.}. Airtel. http:\/\/www.africa.airtel.com\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/africarevamp\/Zambia. ({n. d.}). visited June 2018.  Airtel. {n. d.}. Airtel. http:\/\/www.africa.airtel.com\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/africarevamp\/Zambia. ({n. d.}). visited June 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proc. Int'l Conf. on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN).","author":"Youngsu","unstructured":"Youngsu Cho et al. 2012. Improved Wi-Fi AP position estimation using regression based approach . In Proc. Int'l Conf. on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). Youngsu Cho et al. 2012. Improved Wi-Fi AP position estimation using regression based approach. In Proc. Int'l Conf. on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"ENAiKOON. {n. d.}. OpenCelliD. http:\/\/www.opencellid.org. ({n. d.}). visited July 2016.  ENAiKOON. {n. d.}. OpenCelliD. http:\/\/www.opencellid.org. ({n. d.}). visited July 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proc. 14th Int'l Conf. on Network and Service Management (CNSM'18)","author":"Fida M.","unstructured":"M. Fida and M. K. Marina . 2018. Impact of Device Diversity on Crowdsourced Mobile Coverage Maps . In Proc. 14th Int'l Conf. on Network and Service Management (CNSM'18) . M. Fida and M. K. Marina. 2018. Impact of Device Diversity on Crowdsourced Mobile Coverage Maps. In Proc. 14th Int'l Conf. on Network and Service Management (CNSM'18)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Glenn Fleishman. {n. d.}. How the iPhone knows where you are. http:\/\/www.macworld.com\/article\/1159528\/smartphones\/how-iphone-location-works.html. ({n. d.}). visited July 2017.  Glenn Fleishman. {n. d.}. How the iPhone knows where you are. http:\/\/www.macworld.com\/article\/1159528\/smartphones\/how-iphone-location-works.html. ({n. d.}). visited July 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00975-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE PIMRC.","author":"Myungin","unstructured":"Myungin Ji et al. 2013. A Novel Wi-Fi AP Localization Method Using Monte Carlo Path-loss Model Fitting Simulation . In Proc. IEEE PIMRC. Myungin Ji et al. 2013. A Novel Wi-Fi AP Localization Method Using Monte Carlo Path-loss Model Fitting Simulation. In Proc. IEEE PIMRC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"d.}. Google enables Location-aware Applications for 3rd Party Developers","author":"Ji Zhengrong","unstructured":"Zhengrong Ji and Ravi Jain . {n. d.}. Google enables Location-aware Applications for 3rd Party Developers . http:\/\/googlemobile.blogspot.co.uk\/2008\/06\/google-enables-location-aware.html. ({n. d.}). visited June 2017. Zhengrong Ji and Ravi Jain. {n. d.}. Google enables Location-aware Applications for 3rd Party Developers. http:\/\/googlemobile.blogspot.co.uk\/2008\/06\/google-enables-location-aware.html. ({n. d.}). visited June 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Fielding","author":"Kim Minkyong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Minkyong Kim , David Kotz , and Jeffrey J . Fielding . 2006 . CRAWDAD dataset dartmouth\/wardriving. http:\/\/crawdad.org\/dartmouth\/wardriving\/20060602. (2006). Minkyong Kim, David Kotz, and Jeffrey J. Fielding. 2006. CRAWDAD dataset dartmouth\/wardriving. http:\/\/crawdad.org\/dartmouth\/wardriving\/20060602. (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Andreas F. Molisch. 2011. The Okumura-Hata Model. https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/legacy\/wileychi\/molisch\/supp2\/appendices\/c07_Appendices.pdf. (2011).  Andreas F. Molisch. 2011. The Okumura-Hata Model. https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/legacy\/wileychi\/molisch\/supp2\/appendices\/c07_Appendices.pdf. (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WMNC.2013.6549010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864349.1864385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2569645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE INFOCOM.","author":"Gyan","unstructured":"Gyan Ranjan et al. 2011. Unzipping Cellular Infrastructure Locations via User Geo-Intent . In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM. Gyan Ranjan et al. 2011. Unzipping Cellular Infrastructure Locations via User Geo-Intent. In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"F. Ricciato P. Widhalm M. Craglia and F. Pantisano. 2015. Estimating Population Density Distribution from Network-based Mobile Phone Data. JRC Technical Report (2015).  F. Ricciato P. Widhalm M. Craglia and F. Pantisano. 2015. Estimating Population Density Distribution from Network-based Mobile Phone Data. JRC Technical Report (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Jeff Schneider. 1997. Cross Validation. https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~schneide\/tut5\/node42.html. (1997).  Jeff Schneider. 1997. Cross Validation. https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~schneide\/tut5\/node42.html. (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"d.}. Train Test Similarity. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/shikhar1\/train-test-similarity. ({n. d.}). visited","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shikhar. {n. d.}. Train Test Similarity. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/shikhar1\/train-test-similarity. ({n. d.}). visited July 2017 . Shikhar. {n. d.}. Train Test Similarity. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/shikhar1\/train-test-similarity. ({n. d.}). visited July 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Mapping the Unserved. https:\/\/manypossibilities.net\/2017\/04\/mapping-the-unserved\/. (April","author":"Song Steve","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steve Song . 2017. Mapping the Unserved. https:\/\/manypossibilities.net\/2017\/04\/mapping-the-unserved\/. (April 2017 ). visited July 2018. Steve Song. 2017. Mapping the Unserved. https:\/\/manypossibilities.net\/2017\/04\/mapping-the-unserved\/. (April 2017). visited July 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Das","author":"Subramanian Anand Prabhu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anand Prabhu Subramanian , Pralhad Deshpande , Jie Gao , and Samir R . Das . 2008 . Drive-By Localization of Roadside WiFi Networks. In Proc IEEE INFOCOM. Anand Prabhu Subramanian, Pralhad Deshpande, Jie Gao, and Samir R. Das. 2008. Drive-By Localization of Roadside WiFi Networks. In Proc IEEE INFOCOM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Anthony Tanbakuchi. 19 May 2009. Tests of independence and homogeneity. http:\/\/www.u.arizona.edu\/~kuchi\/Courses\/MAT167\/Files\/LH_LEC.0640.HypTest.IndepHomog.pdf. (19 May 2009).  Anthony Tanbakuchi. 19 May 2009. Tests of independence and homogeneity. http:\/\/www.u.arizona.edu\/~kuchi\/Courses\/MAT167\/Files\/LH_LEC.0640.HypTest.IndepHomog.pdf. (19 May 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663165.2663329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864349.1864384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864349.1864384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2030613.2030626"}],"event":{"name":"ICTD '19: Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","location":"Ahmedabad India","acronym":"ICTD '19"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3287098.3287113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3287098.3287113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:02:08Z","timestamp":1750208528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3287098.3287113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3287098.3287113","10.1145\/3287098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3287098.3287113","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}