{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:31:58Z","timestamp":1750221118455,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016QY01W0200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016QY01W0200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1605252 and 61432014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1605252 and 61432014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National High-Level Talents Special Support Program Leading Talent of Technological Innovation of Ten-Thousands Talents Program","award":["CS31117200001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS31117200001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Today, diversifying the retrieval results of a certain query will improve customers\u2019 search efficiency. Showing the multiple aspects of information provides users an overview of the object, which helps them fast target their demands. To discover aspects, research focuses on generating image clusters from initially retrieved results. As an effective approach, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) has been proved to have good performance on discovering high-level topics. However, traditional LDA is designed to process textual words, and it needs the input as discrete data. When we apply this algorithm to process continuous visual images, a common solution is to quantize the continuous features into discrete form by a bag-of-visual-words algorithm. During this process, quantization error will lead to information that inevitably is lost. To construct a topic model with complete visual information, this work applies Gaussian latent Dirichlet allocation (GLDA) on the diversity issue of image retrieval. In this model, traditional multinomial distribution is substituted with Gaussian distribution to model continuous visual features. In addition, we propose a two-phase spectral clustering strategy, called\n            <jats:italic>dual spectral clustering<\/jats:italic>\n            , to generate clusters from region level to image level. The experiments on the challenging landmarks of the DIV400 database show that our proposal improves relevance and diversity by about 10% compared to traditional topic models.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3290047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T13:02:14Z","timestamp":1548248534000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Discovering Latent Topics by Gaussian Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Spectral Clustering"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xidian University, Xi\u2019an Shi, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1443-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinbo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xidian University, Xi\u2019an Shi, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Group, Yuhang Qu, Hangzhou Shi, China"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1255175.1255177"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2801126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","article-title":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","author":"Blei David M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"David M. Blei , Andrew Y. Ng , and Michael I. Jordan . 2003 . Latent Dirichlet allocation . Journal of Machine Learning Research 3 ( Jan. 2003), 993--1022. David M. Blei, Andrew Y. Ng, and Michael I. Jordan. 2003. Latent Dirichlet allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research 3 (Jan. 2003), 993--1022.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research 3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/290941.291025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390334.1390446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3103613"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P15-1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1646396.1646443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2557642.2563670"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3077136.3080805"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623650"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/850924.851523"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2015.2495248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2072298.2072367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cross-Language Evaluation Forum: Multimedia Experiments (CLEF\u201909)","author":"Paramita Monica Lestari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Monica Lestari Paramita , Mark Sanderson , and Paul Clough . 2010 . Diversity in photo retrieval: Overview of the ImageCLEFPhoto Task 2009 . In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cross-Language Evaluation Forum: Multimedia Experiments (CLEF\u201909) . 45--59. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id&equals;1885110.1885119. Monica Lestari Paramita, Mark Sanderson, and Paul Clough. 2010. Diversity in photo retrieval: Overview of the ImageCLEFPhoto Task 2009. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cross-Language Evaluation Forum: Multimedia Experiments (CLEF\u201909). 45--59. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id&equals;1885110.1885119."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772780"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR\u201997)","author":"Shi Jianbo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jianbo Shi and Jitendra Malik . 1997 . Normalized cuts and image segmentation . In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR\u201997) . IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 731--737. Jianbo Shi and Jitendra Malik. 1997. Normalized cuts and image segmentation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR\u201997). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 731--737."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2671188.2749334"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526756"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2011.5767846"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-007-9033-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2592800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2017.2654445"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2207397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2010.2055045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2240136.2240141"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2015.2480007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2637291"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2422956.2422960"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3290047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3290047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:02:07Z","timestamp":1750208527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3290047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3290047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-6857"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1551-6865"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}