{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:28:08Z","timestamp":1773772088752,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":44,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330767","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T13:17:26Z","timestamp":1564147046000},"page":"2296-2304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Hard to Park?"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Yechen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Huai-Jen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Tomkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Iveel","family":"Tsogsuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walaa Alajali Sheng Wen and Wanlei Zhou. 2017. On-Street Car Parking Prediction in Smart City: A Multi-source Data Analysis in Sensor-Cloud Environment. In International Conference on Security Privacy and Anonymity in Computation Communication and Storage. 641--652.  Walaa Alajali Sheng Wen and Wanlei Zhou. 2017. On-Street Car Parking Prediction in Smart City: A Multi-source Data Analysis in Sensor-Cloud Environment. In International Conference on Security Privacy and Anonymity in Computation Communication and Storage. 641--652.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72395-2_58"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2008.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01580873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2016.12.081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2210545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAINT-W.2007.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DCOSS.2013.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science, Hannover. 1--11","author":"Dieussaert Karel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karel Dieussaert , Koen Aerts , Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Steenberghen , Sven Maerivoet , and Karel Spitaels . 2009 . SUSTAPARK: an agent-based model for simulating parking search . In AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science, Hannover. 1--11 . Karel Dieussaert, Koen Aerts, Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Steenberghen, Sven Maerivoet, and Karel Spitaels. 2009. SUSTAPARK: an agent-based model for simulating parking search. In AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science, Hannover. 1--11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting. 16--24","author":"Djuric Nemanja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nemanja Djuric , Mihajlo Grbovic , and Slobodan Vucetic . 2016 . Parkassistant: An algorithm for guiding a car to a parking spot . In Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting. 16--24 . Nemanja Djuric, Mihajlo Grbovic, and Slobodan Vucetic. 2016. Parkassistant: An algorithm for guiding a car to a parking spot. In Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting. 16--24."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Milan vS urkala, and Eduard Sojka.","author":"Fusek Radovan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Radovan Fusek , Karel Mozdvr evn , Milan vS urkala, and Eduard Sojka. 2013 . AdaBoost for parking lot occupation detection. In CORES. 681--690. Radovan Fusek, Karel Mozdvr evn, Milan vS urkala, and Eduard Sojka. 2013. AdaBoost for parking lot occupation detection. In CORES. 681--690."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrea Gemma and Giuseppe Vaccaro. 2019. Improving the Assessment of Transport External Costs Using FCD Data. In CSUM . 131.  Andrea Gemma and Giuseppe Vaccaro. 2019. Improving the Assessment of Transport External Costs Using FCD Data. In CSUM . 131.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02305-8_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11067-012-9183-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2017.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2010.2087510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidetomo Ichihashi Tatsuya Katada Makoto Fujiyoshi Akira Notsu and Katsuhiro Honda. 2010. Improvement in the performance of camera based vehicle detector for parking lot. In FUZZ . 1--7.  Hidetomo Ichihashi Tatsuya Katada Makoto Fujiyoshi Akira Notsu and Katsuhiro Honda. 2010. Improvement in the performance of camera based vehicle detector for parking lot. In FUZZ . 1--7.","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2010.5584554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"INRIX. 2017. Searching for Parking Costs Americans $73 Billion a Year . http:\/\/inrix.com\/press-releases\/parking-pain-us\/  INRIX. 2017. Searching for Parking Costs Americans $73 Billion a Year . http:\/\/inrix.com\/press-releases\/parking-pain-us\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-its.2013.0184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2093973.2094032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/41127(382)228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2017.12.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2046-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1814433.1814448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Searching for parking in GPS data. Working paper\/Transport and Spatial Planning","author":"Montini Lara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lara Montini , Andreas Horni , Nadine Rieser-Sch\u00fcssler , and Kay W Axhausen . 2012. Searching for parking in GPS data. Working paper\/Transport and Spatial Planning , Vol. 780 ( 2012 ), 1--25. Lara Montini, Andreas Horni, Nadine Rieser-Sch\u00fcssler, and Kay W Axhausen. 2012. Searching for parking in GPS data. Working paper\/Transport and Spatial Planning , Vol. 780 (2012), 1--25."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2428705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2014.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3219876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthias R Schmid Savas Ates J\u00fcrgen Dickmann Felix von Hundelshausen and H-J Wuensche. 2011. Parking space detection with hierarchical dynamic occupancy grids. In IV . 254--259.  Matthias R Schmid Savas Ates J\u00fcrgen Dickmann Felix von Hundelshausen and H-J Wuensche. 2011. Parking space detection with hierarchical dynamic occupancy grids. In IV . 254--259.","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2011.5940476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jae Kyu Suhr and Ho Gi Jung. 2012. Fully-automatic recognition of various parking slot markings in Around View Monitor (AVM) image sequences. In ITSC. 1294--1299.  Jae Kyu Suhr and Ho Gi Jung. 2012. Fully-automatic recognition of various parking slot markings in Around View Monitor (AVM) image sequences. In ITSC. 1294--1299.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2012.6338615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2489-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Jan Hendrik Metzen, and Frank Kirchner.","author":"Tiedemann Tim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tim Tiedemann , Thomas V\u00f6gele , Mario Michael Krell , Jan Hendrik Metzen, and Frank Kirchner. 2015 . Concept of a Data Thread Based Parking Space Occupancy Prediction in a Berlin Pilot Region . Tim Tiedemann, Thomas V\u00f6gele, Mario Michael Krell, Jan Hendrik Metzen, and Frank Kirchner. 2015. Concept of a Data Thread Based Parking Space Occupancy Prediction in a Berlin Pilot Region."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Nicholas True. 2007. Vacant parking space detection in static images. http:\/\/cseweb.ucsd.edu\/classes\/wi07\/cse190-a\/reports\/ntrue.pdf  Nicholas True. 2007. Vacant parking space detection in static images. http:\/\/cseweb.ucsd.edu\/classes\/wi07\/cse190-a\/reports\/ntrue.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Forum Bauinformatik. Citeseer, 159--166","author":"Tschentscher Marc","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marc Tschentscher and Marcel Neuhausen . 2012 . Video-based parking space detection . In Proceedings of the Forum Bauinformatik. Citeseer, 159--166 . Marc Tschentscher and Marcel Neuhausen. 2012. Video-based parking space detection. In Proceedings of the Forum Bauinformatik. Citeseer, 159--166."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15472450.2015.1037955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2319-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Rashid A Waraich Christoph Dobler and Kay W Axhausen. 2012. Modelling parking search behaviour with an agent-based approach. In IABTR .  Rashid A Waraich Christoph Dobler and Kay W Axhausen. 2012. Modelling parking search behaviour with an agent-based approach. In IABTR ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Qi Wu and Yi Zhang. 2006. Parking lots space detection. https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/ epxing\/Class\/10701-06f\/project-reports\/wu_zhang.pdf  Qi Wu and Yi Zhang. 2006. Parking lots space detection. https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/ epxing\/Class\/10701-06f\/project-reports\/wu_zhang.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDM.2013.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Simulation approaches in transportation analysis","author":"Young William","unstructured":"William Young and Tan Yan Weng . 2005. Data and parking simulation models . In Simulation approaches in transportation analysis . Springer , 235--267. William Young and Tan Yan Weng. 2005. Data and parking simulation models. In Simulation approaches in transportation analysis. Springer, 235--267."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanxu Zheng Sutharshan Rajasegarar and Christopher Leckie. 2015. Parking availability prediction for sensor-enabled car parks in smart cities. In ISSNIP . 1--6.  Yanxu Zheng Sutharshan Rajasegarar and Christopher Leckie. 2015. Parking availability prediction for sensor-enabled car parks in smart cities. In ISSNIP . 1--6.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSNIP.2015.7106902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Ziat Bertrand Leroy Nicolas Baskiotis and Ludovic Denoyer. 2016. Joint prediction of road-traffic and parking occupancy over a city with representation learning. In ITSC. 725--730.  Ali Ziat Bertrand Leroy Nicolas Baskiotis and Ludovic Denoyer. 2016. Joint prediction of road-traffic and parking occupancy over a city with representation learning. In ITSC. 725--730.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2016.7795634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"19th ITS World CongressERTICO-ITS EuropeEuropean CommissionITS AmericaITS Asia-Pacific .","author":"Zoeter Onno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Onno Zoeter , Christopher R Dance , Mihajlo Grbovic , Shengbo Guo , and Guillaume Bouchard . 2012 . A general noise resolution model for parking occupancy sensors . In 19th ITS World CongressERTICO-ITS EuropeEuropean CommissionITS AmericaITS Asia-Pacific . Onno Zoeter, Christopher R Dance, Mihajlo Grbovic, Shengbo Guo, and Guillaume Bouchard. 2012. A general noise resolution model for parking occupancy sensors. In 19th ITS World CongressERTICO-ITS EuropeEuropean CommissionITS AmericaITS Asia-Pacific ."}],"event":{"name":"KDD '19: The 25th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","location":"Anchorage AK USA","acronym":"KDD '19","sponsor":["SIGMOD ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data","SIGKDD ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery in Data"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery &amp; Data Mining"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3292500.3330767","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3292500.3330767","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:57:51Z","timestamp":1750208271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3292500.3330767"}},"subtitle":["Estimating Parking Difficulty at Scale"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3292500.3330767","10.1145\/3292500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3292500.3330767","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}