{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:39:05Z","timestamp":1773020345310,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Heterogeneous multicores offer flexibility in the form of different core types and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), defining a vast configuration space. The optimal configuration choice is not always straightforward, even for single applications, and becomes a very difficult problem for dynamically changing scenarios of concurrent applications with unpredictable spawn and termination times and individual performance requirements. This article proposes an integrated approach for runtime decision making for energy efficiency on such systems. The approach consists of a model that predicts performance and power for any possible decision and low-complexity heuristics that use this model to evaluate a subset of possible decisions to choose the best. The model predicts performance by projecting standalone application profiling data to the current status of the system and power by using a set of platform-specific parameters that are determined only once for a given system and are independent of the application mix. Our approach is evaluated with a plethora of dynamic, multi-application scenarios. When considering best effort performance to be adequate, our runtime achieves on average 3% higher energy efficiency compared to the powersave governor and 2\u00d7 better compared to the other linux governors. Moreover, when also considering individual applications\u2019 performance requirements, our runtime is able to satisfy them, giving away 18% of the system\u2019s energy efficiency compared to the powersave, which, however, misses the performance targets by 23%; at the same time, our runtime maintains an efficiency advantage of about 55% compared to the other governors, which also satisfy the performance constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3293446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T15:53:12Z","timestamp":1546962792000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Energy-Efficient Runtime Management of Heterogeneous Multicores using Online Projection"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stavros","family":"Tzilis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Trancoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Sourdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2934583.2934612"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2523721.2523733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/92.845896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2155620.2155641"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3004054"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2451116.2451125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2968456.2968459"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Bhavishya Goel. 2016. Measurement Modeling and Characterization for Energy-efficient Computing. Chalmers University of Technology and G\u00f6teborg University.  Bhavishya Goel. 2016. Measurement Modeling and Characterization for Energy-efficient Computing. Chalmers University of Technology and G\u00f6teborg University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Workload Conference (WWC\u201901)","author":"Guthaus M. R."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on Power-Aware Computing and Systems (HotPower\u201914)","author":"H\u00e4hnel Marcus","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1283780.1283790"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 36th Annual IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO\u201903)","author":"Kumar Rakesh"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 31st International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD\u201913)","author":"Liu G."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"NASA. {n.d.}. NAS Benchmarks. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/publications\/npb.html.  NASA. {n.d.}. NAS Benchmarks. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/publications\/npb.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Linux Symposium (Vol. 2). 119--125","author":"Pallipadi V."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED\u201915)","author":"Pathania A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Compilers, Architecture and Synthesis for Embedded Systems (CASES\u201913)","author":"Pricopi M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Qualcomm. {n.d.}. Qualcomm snapdragon 808 processor. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.qualcomm.com\/products\/snapdragon\/processors\/808.  Qualcomm. {n.d.}. Qualcomm snapdragon 808 processor. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.qualcomm.com\/products\/snapdragon\/processors\/808."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Samsung. {n.d.}. ODROID XU3. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.hardkernel.com\/main\/products\/prdt_info.php?g_code&equals;g1404482671278tab_idx&equals;2.  Samsung. {n.d.}. ODROID XU3. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.hardkernel.com\/main\/products\/prdt_info.php?g_code&equals;g1404482671278tab_idx&equals;2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Samsung. {n.d.}. Samsung Exynos. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/semiconductor\/minisite\/exynos\/.  Samsung. {n.d.}. Samsung Exynos. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/semiconductor\/minisite\/exynos\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2744769.2744911"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2463209.2488734"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE\u201916)","author":"Sozzo E. Del"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Texas Instruments. {n.d.}. INA231 sensor. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/ina231.pdf.  Texas Instruments. {n.d.}. INA231 sensor. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/ina231.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PATMOS.2017.8106950"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2013.6522303"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3293446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3293446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:02:01Z","timestamp":1750208521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3293446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3293446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3293446","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-3566","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-3973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}