{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:31:35Z","timestamp":1750221095376,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this presentation we consider blockchain from a performance engineering perspective, with an emphasis on consensus algorithms. A set of examples of performance characteristics and challenges of public blockchains serves as introduction to the presentation. These examples motivate a list of main topics that require further analysis by the research community, in both public and private blockchain variants. This list considers performance engineering challenges across the different layers of blockchain systems, which we identify as system, connector, and incentives layers, respectively. We go in some more depth regarding the evaluation of consensus algorithms, such as Proof of Work, which are a core element of the connector layer. In the presentation we will advocate probabilistic verification as a key approach to evaluate different consensus algorithms with respect to practically meaningful metrics. Throughout the talk, we present snippets of our recent research results in the area of modelling and benchmarking blockchain systems [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3308897.3308949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T14:01:39Z","timestamp":1548684099000},"page":"113-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Benchmarks and Models for Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Aad","family":"van Moorsel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"IEEE","author":"Aldweesh M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Aldweesh , M. Alharby , E. Solaiman , and A. van Moorsel , \"Performance benchmarking of smart contracts to assess miner incentives in Ethereum,\" in Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Blockchain Dependability , IEEE , 2018 . A. Aldweesh, M. Alharby, E. Solaiman, and A. van Moorsel, \"Performance benchmarking of smart contracts to assess miner incentives in Ethereum,\" in Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Blockchain Dependability, IEEE, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th ACS\/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications AICCSA 2018, IEEE","author":"Aldweesh M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Aldweesh , M. Alharby , and A. van Moorsel , \"Performance benchmarking for Ethereum opcodes,\" in Proceedings of the 15th ACS\/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications AICCSA 2018, IEEE , 2018 . A. Aldweesh, M. Alharby, and A. van Moorsel, \"Performance benchmarking for Ethereum opcodes,\" in Proceedings of the 15th ACS\/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications AICCSA 2018, IEEE, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"2017","author":"Alharby A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Alharby and A. van Moorsel , \"The impact of profit uncertainty on miner decisions in blockchain systems,\" in Proceedings of the 33nd Annual UK Performance Engineering Workshop & Cyber Security Workshop - 2017 , 2017 . M. Alharby and A. van Moorsel, \"The impact of profit uncertainty on miner decisions in blockchain systems,\" in Proceedings of the 33nd Annual UK Performance Engineering Workshop & Cyber Security Workshop - 2017, 2017.","journal-title":"Annual UK Performance Engineering Workshop & Cyber Security Workshop -"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"A systematic mapping study,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.06372","author":"Alharby A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Alharby and A. van Moorsel , \"Blockchain-based smart contracts : A systematic mapping study,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.06372 , 2017 . M. Alharby and A. van Moorsel, \"Blockchain-based smart contracts: A systematic mapping study,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.06372, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"A simulation framework for blockchainsystems,\" in Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Cryptocurrency Analysis","author":"Alharby A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Alharby and A. van Moorsel , \"BlockSim : A simulation framework for blockchainsystems,\" in Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Cryptocurrency Analysis , 2018 . M. Alharby and A. van Moorsel, \"BlockSim: A simulation framework for blockchainsystems,\" in Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Cryptocurrency Analysis, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Big Data and Blockchain","author":"Alharby A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Alharby , A. Aldweesh , and A. van Moorsel , \"Blockchain-based smart contracts : A systematic mapping study of academic research (2018),\" in Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Cloud Computing , Big Data and Blockchain , 2018 . M. Alharby, A. Aldweesh, and A. van Moorsel, \"Blockchain-based smart contracts: A systematic mapping study of academic research (2018),\" in Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Cloud Computing, Big Data and Blockchain, 2018."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3308897.3308949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3308897.3308949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:58:03Z","timestamp":1750208283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3308897.3308949"}},"subtitle":["Consensus Algorithms"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3308897.3308949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3308897.3308949","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}