{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:46:51Z","timestamp":1781884011695,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61472354, 61672452, and 61890954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61472354, 61672452, and 61890954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014857","name":"NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1611263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1611263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Research 8 Development Program of China","award":["2017YFB0202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0202203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Viewpoint estimation from 2D rendered images is helpful in understanding how users select viewpoints for volume visualization and guiding users to select better viewpoints based on previous visualizations. In this article, we propose a viewpoint estimation method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for volume visualization. We first design an overfit-resistant image rendering pipeline to generate the training images with accurate viewpoint annotations, and then train a category-specific viewpoint classification network to estimate the viewpoint for the given rendered image. Our method can achieve good performance on images rendered with different transfer functions and rendering parameters in several categories. We apply our model to recover the viewpoints of the rendered images in publications, and show how experts look at volumes. We also introduce a CNN feature-based image similarity measure for similarity voting based viewpoint selection, which can suggest semantically meaningful optimal viewpoints for different volumes and transfer functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3309993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T12:07:04Z","timestamp":1555330024000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["CNNs Based Viewpoint Estimation for Volume Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3838-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of CAD8CG, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of CAD8CG, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p2897"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization\u201905","author":"Udeepta"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/190347.190395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. 888--897","author":"Elhoseiny Mohamed","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2629673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"Goodfellow Ian"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"3D pose estimation and 3D model retrieval for objects in the wild. CoRR abs\/1803.11493","author":"Grabner Alexander","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2642918.2647411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654889"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025957"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3152875"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"25","author":"Krizhevsky Alex","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-011-0638-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gmod.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2018 (BMVC\u201918)","author":"Mahendran Siddharth","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.30.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3057733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2744320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-005-0326-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Photo-guided exploration of","author":"Raji Mohammad"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2010.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047247"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2019627.2019628"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46478-7_41"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. CoRR abs\/1409.1556","author":"Simonyan Karen","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization\u201905","author":"Takahashi Shigeo","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3071534.3071576"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298758"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Vision Modeling and Visualization Conference (VMV\u201901)","author":"V\u00e1zquez Pere-Pau","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01412.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3151957"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48896-7_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. 365--382","author":"Wu Jiajun"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"3D ShapeNets for 2.5D object recognition and next-best-view prediction. CoRR abs\/1406.5670","author":"Wu Zhirong","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2014.6836101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2018.XIV.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.218"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3309993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3309993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:53:36Z","timestamp":1750204416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3309993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3309993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3309993","relation":{},"ISSN":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2157-6904","type":"print"},{"value":"2157-6912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}