{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:42:35Z","timestamp":1782204155010,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3310273.3323048","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T14:11:36Z","timestamp":1557324696000},"page":"24-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The parameter optimization based on LVPSO algorithm for detecting multi-step attacks"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro Julio Aline Deruyver and Pierre Parrend. \"A systematic survey on multi-step attack detection.\" Computers & Security (2018).  Navarro Julio Aline Deruyver and Pierre Parrend. \"A systematic survey on multi-step attack detection.\" Computers & Security (2018).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13635-018-0075-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCloud.2015.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CyberSecurity.2012.14"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","article-title":"A brief study of wannacry threat: Ransomware attack 2017","volume":"8","author":"Mohurle Savita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohurle , Savita , and Manisha Patil . \" A brief study of wannacry threat: Ransomware attack 2017 .\" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 8 . 5 ( 2017 ). Mohurle, Savita, and Manisha Patil. \"A brief study of wannacry threat: Ransomware attack 2017.\" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 8.5 (2017).","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Highlighting advanced persistent threats through information flow tracking.\" 8th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security","author":"Brogi Guillaume","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brogi , Guillaume , and Valrie Viet Triem Tong . \" Terminaptor : Highlighting advanced persistent threats through information flow tracking.\" 8th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security . 2016 . Brogi, Guillaume, and Valrie Viet Triem Tong. \"Terminaptor: Highlighting advanced persistent threats through information flow tracking.\" 8th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security. 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098954.3098981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"2014","article-title":"The application of Baum-Welch algorithm in multistep attack","author":"Yanxue Zhang Dongmei Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yanxue Zhang , Dongmei Zhao , and Jinxing Liu . \" The application of Baum-Welch algorithm in multistep attack .\" The Scientific World Journal 2014 ( 2014 ). Yanxue Zhang, Dongmei Zhao, and Jinxing Liu. \"The application of Baum-Welch algorithm in multistep attack.\" The Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014).","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2016.070205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10772-010-9070-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"5--17","author":"Rasmussen Thomas Kiel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rasmussen , Thomas Kiel , and Thiemo Krink . \"Improved Hidden Markov Model training for multiple sequence alignment by a particle swarm optimization evolutionary algorithm hybrid.\" Biosystems 72.1--2 ( 2003 ): 5--17 . Rasmussen, Thomas Kiel, and Thiemo Krink. \"Improved Hidden Markov Model training for multiple sequence alignment by a particle swarm optimization evolutionary algorithm hybrid.\" Biosystems 72.1--2 (2003): 5--17."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-33869-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawakani Cludio Toshio et al. \"Discovering attackers past behavior to generate online hyper-alerts.\" iSys-Revista Brasileira de Sistemas de Information 10.1 (2017): 122--147.  Kawakani Cludio Toshio et al. \"Discovering attackers past behavior to generate online hyper-alerts.\" iSys-Revista Brasileira de Sistemas de Information 10.1 (2017): 122--147.","DOI":"10.5753\/isys.2017.331"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alert correlation and aggregation techniques for reduction of security alerts and detection of multistage attack","volume":"5","author":"Alserhani Faeiz M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alserhani , Faeiz M . \" Alert correlation and aggregation techniques for reduction of security alerts and detection of multistage attack .\" International Journal of Advanced Studies in Computers, Science and Engineering 5 . 2 ( 2016 ): 1 . Alserhani, Faeiz M. \"Alert correlation and aggregation techniques for reduction of security alerts and detection of multistage attack.\" International Journal of Advanced Studies in Computers, Science and Engineering 5.2 (2016): 1.","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in Computers, Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"2016 IEEE Symposium Series on. IEEE","author":"Navarro-Lara Julio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navarro-Lara , Julio , Aline Deruyver , and Pierre Parrendz . \" Morwilog : an ACO-based system for outlining multi-step attacks.\" Computational Intelligence (SSCI) , 2016 IEEE Symposium Series on. IEEE , 2016 . Navarro-Lara, Julio, Aline Deruyver, and Pierre Parrendz. \"Morwilog: an ACO-based system for outlining multi-step attacks.\" Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2016 IEEE Symposium Series on. IEEE, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE","author":"Ourston Dirk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ourston , Dirk , et al. \" Applications of hidden markov models to detecting multi-stage network attacks.\" System Sciences, 2003 . Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE , 2003 . Ourston, Dirk, et al. \"Applications of hidden markov models to detecting multi-stage network attacks.\" System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology.","author":"Farhady H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farhady , H. , Rasool Jalili , and Mohammad Khansari . \" Attack Plan Recognition Using Markov Model .\" Proceedings of the 7th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology. 2010 . Farhady, H., Rasool Jalili, and Mohammad Khansari. \"Attack Plan Recognition Using Markov Model.\" Proceedings of the 7th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology. 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33469-6_37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2017.2751478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Swarm-based dhmm training and application in time sequences classification","volume":"1","author":"Meng J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meng , J. , et al. \" Swarm-based dhmm training and application in time sequences classification .\" Journal of Computational Information Systems 1 ( 2010 ): 197 -- 203 . Meng, J., et al. \"Swarm-based dhmm training and application in time sequences classification.\" Journal of Computational Information Systems 1 (2010): 197--203.","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11875581_166"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"An improved PSO and HMM algorithm for web information extraction","volume":"38","author":"Wang Chuan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang , Chuan , D. Q. Duan , and X. D. Wang . \" An improved PSO and HMM algorithm for web information extraction .\" Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science) 38 . 5 ( 2010 ): 65 -- 68 . Wang, Chuan, D. Q. Duan, and X. D. Wang. \"An improved PSO and HMM algorithm for web information extraction.\" Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science) 38.5 (2010): 65--68.","journal-title":"Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"024","article-title":"Approach to Forecasting Multi-Step Attack Using Hidden Markov Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization","volume":"3","author":"Ning G. E. N. G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ning , G. E. N. G. \" Approach to Forecasting Multi-Step Attack Using Hidden Markov Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization .\" Telecom Power Technology 3 ( 2015 ): 024 . Ning, G. E. N. G. \"Approach to Forecasting Multi-Step Attack Using Hidden Markov Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization.\" Telecom Power Technology 3 (2015): 024.","journal-title":"Telecom Power Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"1--8","author":"Kesavamoorthy R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kesavamoorthy , R. , and K. Ruba Soundar. \"Swarm intelligence based autonomous DDoS attack detection and defense using multi agent system.\" Cluster Computing ( 2018 ): 1--8 . Kesavamoorthy, R., and K. Ruba Soundar. \"Swarm intelligence based autonomous DDoS attack detection and defense using multi agent system.\" Cluster Computing (2018): 1--8."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Consistent estimation of the order of mixture models","author":"Keribin Christine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Keribin , Christine . \" Consistent estimation of the order of mixture models .\" Sankhy: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series A ( 2000 ): 49 -- 66 . Keribin, Christine. \"Consistent estimation of the order of mixture models.\" Sankhy: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series A (2000): 49--66.","journal-title":"Sankhy: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series A ("},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Springer","author":"Dias Jos G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dias , Jos G . \" Latent class analysis and model selection.\" From data and information analysis to knowledge engineering . Springer , Berlin, Heidelberg , 2006 . 95--102. Dias, Jos G. \"Latent class analysis and model selection.\" From data and information analysis to knowledge engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006. 95--102."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"\"Determining the number of components in mixture models for hierarchical data.\" Advances in data analysis, data handling and business intelligence","author":"Luko\u010dien\u0117 Olga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Luko\u010dien\u0117 , Olga , and Jeroen K . Vermunt . \"Determining the number of components in mixture models for hierarchical data.\" Advances in data analysis, data handling and business intelligence . Springer , Berlin, Heidelberg , 2009 . 241--249. Luko\u010dien\u0117, Olga, and Jeroen K. Vermunt. \"Determining the number of components in mixture models for hierarchical data.\" Advances in data analysis, data handling and business intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009. 241--249."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Processing (ASAP) Workshop 14C15","volume":"3","author":"Lee Nigel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee , Nigel , Lisa M . Zurk , and James Ward . \"MIT Lincoln Laboratory .\" Processing (ASAP) Workshop 14C15 March 2000 . Vol. 3 . 2000. Lee, Nigel, Lisa M. Zurk, and James Ward. \"MIT Lincoln Laboratory.\" Processing (ASAP) Workshop 14C15 March 2000. Vol. 3. 2000."}],"event":{"name":"CF '19: Computing Frontiers Conference","location":"Alghero Italy","acronym":"CF '19","sponsor":["SIGMICRO ACM Special Interest Group on Microarchitectural Research and Processing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3310273.3323048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3310273.3323048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:13:17Z","timestamp":1750212797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3310273.3323048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3310273.3323048","10.1145\/3310273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3310273.3323048","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}