{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:03:22Z","timestamp":1784646202839,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":69,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-15-C-0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-15-C-0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376131","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T12:35:07Z","timestamp":1590582907000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["If I Hear You Correctly: Building and Evaluating Interview Chatbots with Active Listening Skills"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Ziang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle X.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juji, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juji, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huahai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juji, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyan","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juji, Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of COLING 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers. 1125--1136","author":"Araki Jun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jun Araki, Dheeraj Rajagopal, Sreecharan Sankaranarayanan, Susan Holm, Yukari Yamakawa, and Teruko Mitamura. 2016. Generating questions and multiple-choice answers using semantic analysis of texts. In Proceedings of COLING 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers. 1125--1136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introducing'Active Listening'to Instant Messaging and E-mail: Benefits and Limitations","volume":"7","author":"Bauer Christine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christine Bauer, Kathrin Figl, and Renate MotschnigPitrik. 2010. Introducing'Active Listening'to Instant Messaging and E-mail: Benefits and Limitations. IADIS International Journal on WWW\/Internet 7, 2 (2010), 1--17.","journal-title":"IADIS International Journal on WWW\/Internet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2008.4720282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262014328.003.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","first-page":"993","article-title":"Latent dirichlet allocation","author":"Blei David M","year":"2003","unstructured":"David M Blei, Andrew Y Ng, and Michael I Jordan. 2003. Latent dirichlet allocation. Journal of machine Learning research 3, Jan (2003), 993--1022.","journal-title":"Journal of machine Learning research 3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Learning end-to-end goal-oriented dialog. ICLR","author":"Bordes Antoine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antoine Bordes, Y-Lan Boureau, and Jason Weston, 2017. Learning end-to-end goal-oriented dialog. ICLR' 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Noah Constant, Mario Guajardo-Cespedes, Steve Yuan, Chris Tar, and others.","author":"Cer Daniel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daniel Cer, Yinfei Yang, Sheng-yi Kong, Nan Hua, Nicole Limtiaco, Rhomni St John, Noah Constant, Mario Guajardo-Cespedes, Steve Yuan, Chris Tar, and others. 2018. Universal sentence encoder. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.11175 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"Chatfuel. 2019. Retrieved from https:\/\/chatfuel.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"How to communicate effectively","author":"Decker Bert","unstructured":"Bert Decker., 1989. How to communicate effectively, Page, London, UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 1061--1068","author":"DeVault David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David DeVault, Ron Artstein, Grace Benn, Teresa Dey, Ed Fast, Alesia Gainer, Kallirroi Georgila, Jon Gratch, Arno Hartholt, Margaux Lhommet, and others. 2014. SimSensei Kiosk: A virtual human interviewer for healthcare decision support. In Proceedings of the 2014 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 1061--1068."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","volume":"1","author":"Devlin Jacob","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019. BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 4171-- 4186."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"Dialogflow. 2019. Retrieved from https:\/\/dialogflow.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"The Elements of Statistical Learning (Vol. 1","author":"Friedman Jerome","unstructured":"Jerome Friedman, Trevor Hastie, and Robert Tibshirani, 2001. The Elements of Statistical Learning (Vol. 1, No. 10). New York, NY, USA:: Springer series in statistics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 661--668","author":"Gebhard Patrick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patrick Gebhard, Tobias Baur, Ionut Damian, Gregor Mehlmann, Johannes Wagner, and Elisabeth Andr\u00e9. 2014. Exploring interaction strategies for virtual characters to induce stress in simulated job interviews. In Proceedings of the 2014 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 661--668."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Leader Effectiveness Training","author":"Gordon Thomas","unstructured":"Thomas Gordon. 1977. Leader Effectiveness Training. New York: Wyden books. p. 57."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 PACIS Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. AIS.","author":"Gupta Sambhav","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sambhav Gupta, Krithika Jagannath, Nitin Aggarwal, Ramamurti Sridar, Shawn Wilde, and Yu Chen. 2019. Artificially Intelligent (AI) tutors in the classroom: A need assessment study of designing chatbots to sup-port student learning. In Proceedings of the 2019 PACIS Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. AIS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"The Current State of Chatbots","author":"Grech Matt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matt Grech. 2017. The Current State of Chatbots in 2017. (Apr 2017). https:\/\/getvoip.com\/blog\/2017\/04\/ 21\/the- current- state- of- chatbots- in- 2017\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Harnessing deep neural networks with logic rules. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.06318","author":"Hu Zhiting","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhiting Hu, Xuezhe Ma, Zhengzhong Liu, Eduard Hovy, and Eric Xing. 2016. Harnessing deep neural networks with logic rules. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.06318 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"IBM Watson Assistant. 2019. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/cloud\/watson-assistant\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Elementary Information Theory","author":"Jones Douglas","unstructured":"Douglas Jones, 1979, Elementary Information Theory. Clarendon Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","unstructured":"Juji document for chatbot designers. 2019 Retrieved from https:\/\/docs.juji.io\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","unstructured":"Terri Lee Krithika Jagannath Nitin Aggarwal Ramamurti Sridar Shawn Wilde Timothy Hill and Yu Chen. 2019b. Intelligent Career Advisers in Your Pocket? A Need Assessment Study of Chatbots for Student Career Advising. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025171.3025206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Tiara: Interactive, topic-based visual text summarization and analysis","volume":"3","author":"Liu Shixia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shixia Liu, Michelle X Zhou, Shimei Pan, Yangqiu Song, Weihong Qian, Weijia Cai, and Xiaoxiao Lian. 2012. Tiara: Interactive, topic-based visual text summarization and analysis. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST) 3, 2 (2012), 25.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference: Research in Applied Linguistics, April.","author":"Louw Stephen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stephen Louw, R Watson Todd, and P Jimarkon. 2011. Active listening in qualitative research interviews. In Proceedings of the International Conference: Research in Applied Linguistics, April."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5087\/dad.2017.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","unstructured":"Manychat. 2019 Retrieved from https:\/\/manychat.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Deep parsing in Watson. IBM Journal of research and development 56, 3.4","author":"McCord Michael C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michael C McCord, J William Murdock, and Branimir K Boguraev. 2012. Deep parsing in Watson. IBM Journal of research and development 56, 3.4 (2012), 3--1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2483592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222280102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","volume-title":"1991 Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook","author":"Keppel Geoffrey","unstructured":"Geoffrey Keppel. 1991 Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook. Prentice-Hall, Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"Gensim-statistical semantics in python. statistical semantics","author":"Rehrek Radim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Radim Rehrek and Petr Sojka. 2011. Gensim-statistical semantics in python. statistical semantics; gensim; Python; LDA; SVD (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","volume-title":"Active listening. Organizational Psychology","author":"Rogers Carl R","year":"1984","unstructured":"Carl R Rogers and Richard E Farson. 1984. Active listening. Organizational Psychology, 4th Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1984), 255--266.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3016387.3016435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","unstructured":"Louis Shao Stephan Gouws Denny Britz Anna Goldie Brian Strope and Ray Kurzweil. 2016. Generating long and diverse responses with neural conversation models."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1645953.1646223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3305890.3306024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_52_1","volume-title":"2017 Computational Approaches to Dialogue","author":"Traum David","unstructured":"David Traum. 2017 Computational Approaches to Dialogue. The Routledge Handbook of Language and Dialogue, Chapter 9, Weigand, E. (Ed.), New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.5817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_54_1","unstructured":"James Vincent. 2016. Twitter taught Microsoft's friendly AI chatbot to be a racist asshole in less than a day. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2016\/3\/24\/11297050\/tay-microsoft-chatbotracist"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2017.2754499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_57_1","volume-title":"Joint embedding of words and labels for text classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.04174","author":"Wang Guoyin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guoyin Wang, Chunyuan Li, Wenlin Wang, Yizhe Zhang, Dinghan Shen, Xinyuan Zhang, Ricardo Henao, and Lawrence Carin. 2018a. Joint embedding of words and labels for text classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.04174 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10904010903466311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365153.365168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301275.3302264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_64_1","volume-title":"Tell Me About Yourself: Using an AIPowered Chatbot to Conduct Conversational Surveys. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.10700","author":"Xiao Ziang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ziang Xiao, Michelle X Zhou, Q Vera Liao, Gloria Mark, Changyan Chi, Wenxi Chen, and Huahai Yang. 2019b. Tell Me About Yourself: Using an AIPowered Chatbot to Conduct Conversational Surveys. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.10700 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3298023.3298055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3232077"}],"event":{"name":"CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Honolulu HI USA","acronym":"CHI '20","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3313831.3376131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3313831.3376131","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3313831.3376131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:45:02Z","timestamp":1750203902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3313831.3376131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3313831.3376131","10.1145\/3313831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376131","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}