{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:31:18Z","timestamp":1761611478673,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Human-Centered Cyber-physical Systems Programme"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Human-Centered Cyber-physical Systems Programme"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy is required for networking and computation and is a valuable resource for unplugged systems such as mobile, sensor, and embedded systems. Energy denial-of-service (DoS) attack where a remote attacker exhausts the victim\u2019s battery via networking remains a critical challenge for the device availability. While prior literature proposes mitigation- and detection-based solutions, we propose to eliminate the vulnerability entirely by offloading the power requirements to the entity who makes the networking requests. To do so, we build communication channels using wireless charging signals (as opposed to the traditional radio-frequency signals), so that the communication and the power transfer are simultaneous and inseparable, and use the channels to build power-positive networking (PPN). PPN also offloads the computation-based costs to the requester, enabling authentication and other tasks considered too power-hungry for battery-operated devices. In this article, we study the energy DoS attack impacts on off-the-shelf embedded system platforms (Raspberry Pi and the ESP 8266 system-on-chip (SoC) module), present PPN, implement and build a Qi-charging-technology-compatible prototype, and use the prototype for evaluations and analyses. Our prototype, built on the hardware already available for wireless charging, effectively defends against energy DoS and supports simultaneous power and data transfer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3317686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T13:04:42Z","timestamp":1558357482000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Power-Positive Networking"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5736-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Yoon","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sristi Lakshmi Sravana","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yih-Chun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0651-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younghee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Jose State University, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098243.3098265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2017.2688483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.06.069"},{"volume-title":"Battery Reference Book","author":"Crompton T. P. J.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"T. P. J. Crompton . 2000. Battery Reference Book . Elsevier Science . https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id&equals;QmVR7qiB5AUC. T. P. J. Crompton. 2000. Battery Reference Book. Elsevier Science. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id&equals;QmVR7qiB5AUC."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Security Protocols. Springer-Verlag","author":"Stajano Frank","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Frank Stajano and Ross J. Anderson . 2000. The resurrecting duckling: Security issues for ad-hoc wireless networks . In Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Security Protocols. Springer-Verlag , London, UK, 172--194. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id&equals;647217.760118 Frank Stajano and Ross J. Anderson. 2000. The resurrecting duckling: Security issues for ad-hoc wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Security Protocols. Springer-Verlag, London, UK, 172--194. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id&equals;647217.760118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2008.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1999995.2000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2833312.2833451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2693990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 13)","author":"Golde Nico","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nico Golde , Kevin Redon , and Jean-Pierre Seifert . 2013 . Let me answer that for you: Exploiting broadcast information in cellular networks . In Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 13) . USENIX, Washington, D.C., 33--48. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity13\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/golde. Nico Golde, Kevin Redon, and Jean-Pierre Seifert. 2013. Let me answer that for you: Exploiting broadcast information in cellular networks. In Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 13). USENIX, Washington, D.C., 33--48. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity13\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/golde."},{"volume-title":"2015 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS\u201915)","author":"Chang S. Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"S. Y. Chang , Y. C. Hu , and Z. Liu . 2015. Securing wireless medium access control against insider denial-of-service attackers . In 2015 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS\u201915) . 370--378. S. Y. Chang, Y. C. Hu, and Z. Liu. 2015. Securing wireless medium access control against insider denial-of-service attackers. In 2015 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS\u201915). 370--378."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2631146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2348543.2348556"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939918.2939935"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3212480.3212500"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE\u201902)","author":"Slijepcevic S.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"S. Slijepcevic , M. Potkonjak , V. Tsiatsis , S. Zimbeck , and M. B. Srivastava . 2002. On communication security in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks . In Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE\u201902) . 139--144. S. Slijepcevic, M. Potkonjak, V. Tsiatsis, S. Zimbeck, and M. B. Srivastava. 2002. On communication security in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE\u201902). 139--144."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/977406.978701"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP\u201904)","author":"Anderson R.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"R. Anderson , Haowen Chan , and A. Perrig . 2004. Key infection: Smart trust for smart dust . In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP\u201904) . 206--215. R. Anderson, Haowen Chan, and A. Perrig. 2004. Key infection: Smart trust for smart dust. In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP\u201904). 206--215."},{"volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices (PORTABLE\u201907)","author":"Buennemeyer T. K.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"T. K. Buennemeyer , M. Gora , R. C. Marchany , and J. G. Tront . 2007. Battery exhaustion attack detection with small handheld mobile computers . In IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices (PORTABLE\u201907) . 1--5. T. K. Buennemeyer, M. Gora, R. C. Marchany, and J. G. Tront. 2007. Battery exhaustion attack detection with small handheld mobile computers. In IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices (PORTABLE\u201907). 1--5."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1378600.1378627"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"eDoctor: Automatically diagnosing abnormal battery drain issues on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201913). USENIX","author":"Ma Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao Ma , Peng Huang , Xinxin Jin , Pei Wang , Soyeon Park , Dongcai Shen , Yuanyuan Zhou , Lawrence K. Saul , and Geoffrey M. Voelker . 2013 . eDoctor: Automatically diagnosing abnormal battery drain issues on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201913). USENIX , Lombard , IL , 57 -- 70 . https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi13\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/ma. Xiao Ma, Peng Huang, Xinxin Jin, Pei Wang, Soyeon Park, Dongcai Shen, Yuanyuan Zhou, Lawrence K. Saul, and Geoffrey M. Voelker. 2013. eDoctor: Automatically diagnosing abnormal battery drain issues on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201913). USENIX, Lombard, IL, 57--70. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi13\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/ma.","journal-title":"Lombard"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2906388.2906419"},{"volume-title":"2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS\u201917)","author":"Gao X.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"X. Gao , D. Liu , D. Liu , H. Wang , and A. Stavrou . 2017. E-Android: A new energy profiling tool for smartphones . In 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS\u201917) . 492--502. X. Gao, D. Liu, D. Liu, H. Wang, and A. Stavrou. 2017. E-Android: A new energy profiling tool for smartphones. In 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS\u201917). 492--502."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECURWARE.2009.36"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE SMC Information Assurance Workshop (IAW\u201905)","author":"Brownfield M.","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"M. Brownfield , Yatharth Gupta , and N. Davis . 2005. Wireless sensor network denial of sleep attack . In Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE SMC Information Assurance Workshop (IAW\u201905) . 356--364. M. Brownfield, Yatharth Gupta, and N. Davis. 2005. Wireless sensor network denial of sleep attack. In Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE SMC Information Assurance Workshop (IAW\u201905). 356--364."},{"volume-title":"2006 IEEE Information Assurance Workshop. 297--304","author":"Raymond D.","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"D. Raymond , R. Marchany , M. Brownfield , and S. Midkiff . 2006. Effects of denial of sleep attacks on wireless sensor network MAC protocols . In 2006 IEEE Information Assurance Workshop. 297--304 . D. Raymond, R. Marchany, M. Brownfield, and S. Midkiff. 2006. Effects of denial of sleep attacks on wireless sensor network MAC protocols. In 2006 IEEE Information Assurance Workshop. 297--304."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-002-1392-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2012.2186110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25286-0_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON\u201904)","volume":"3","author":"Madawala U. K.","unstructured":"U. K. Madawala , J. Stichbury , and S. Walker . 2004. Contactless power transfer with two-way communication . In 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON\u201904) , Vol. 3 . 3071--3075. U. K. Madawala, J. Stichbury, and S. Walker. 2004. Contactless power transfer with two-way communication. In 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON\u201904), Vol. 3. 3071--3075."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APEC.2010.5433550"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2453934"},{"volume-title":"2010 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE\/PEMC). S15--25--S15--32","author":"van Wageningen D.","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"D. van Wageningen and T. Staring . 2010. The Qi wireless power standard . In 2010 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE\/PEMC). S15--25--S15--32 . D. van Wageningen and T. Staring. 2010. The Qi wireless power standard. In 2010 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE\/PEMC). S15--25--S15--32."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2789168.2790092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2406673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143254"},{"volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS\u201917)","author":"Chang S. Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"S. Y. Chang , S. Kumar , and Y. C. Hu . 2017. Cognitive wireless charger: Sensing-based real-time frequency control for near-field wireless charging . In IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS\u201917) . 2302--2307. S. Y. Chang, S. Kumar, and Y. C. Hu. 2017. Cognitive wireless charger: Sensing-based real-time frequency control for near-field wireless charging. In IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS\u201917). 2302--2307."},{"volume-title":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium. 694--701","author":"Waters Benjamin H.","key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Benjamin H. Waters , Alanson P. Sample , and Joshua R. Smith . 2012. Adaptive impedance matching for magnetically coupled resonators . In Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium. 694--701 . Benjamin H. Waters, Alanson P. Sample, and Joshua R. Smith. 2012. Adaptive impedance matching for magnetically coupled resonators. In Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium. 694--701."},{"volume-title":"IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference\u2014Digest of Technical Papers. 294--295","author":"O\u2019Driscoll S.","key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"S. O\u2019Driscoll , A. S. Y. Poon , and T. H. Meng . 2009. A mm-sized implantable power receiver with adaptive link compensation . In IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference\u2014Digest of Technical Papers. 294--295 . S. O\u2019Driscoll, A. S. Y. Poon, and T. H. Meng. 2009. A mm-sized implantable power receiver with adaptive link compensation. In IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference\u2014Digest of Technical Papers. 294--295."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Inductively powered apparatus. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US7118240","volume":"7","author":"Baarman D. W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"D. W. Baarman , S. J. McPhilliamy , and C. Houghton . 2006 . Inductively powered apparatus. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US7118240 . US Patent 7 , 118 ,240. D. W. Baarman, S. J. McPhilliamy, and C. Houghton. 2006. Inductively powered apparatus. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US7118240. US Patent 7,118,240.","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"048","article-title":"Method for controlling charging power and wireless charging apparatus for the same. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US9048683","volume":"9","author":"Lee K. W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"K. W. Lee , Y. S. Kim , K. H. Byun , and S. K. YEO. 2015 . Method for controlling charging power and wireless charging apparatus for the same. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US9048683 . US Patent 9 , 048 ,683. K. W. Lee, Y. S. Kim, K. H. Byun, and S. K. YEO. 2015. Method for controlling charging power and wireless charging apparatus for the same. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US9048683. US Patent 9,048,683.","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Smith","author":"Talla Vamsi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vamsi Talla , Bryce Kellogg , Benjamin Ransford , Saman Naderiparizi , Shyamnath Gollakota , and Joshua R . Smith . 2015 . Powering the next billion devices with Wi-Fi. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv :1505.06815 (2015). Vamsi Talla, Bryce Kellogg, Benjamin Ransford, Saman Naderiparizi, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua R. Smith. 2015. Powering the next billion devices with Wi-Fi. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:1505.06815 (2015)."},{"volume-title":"2012 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT). 1--3.","author":"Vyas R.","key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"R. Vyas , H. Nishimoto , M. Tentzeris , Y. Kawahara , and T. Asami . 2012. A battery-less, energy harvesting device for long range scavenging of wireless power from terrestrial TV broadcasts . In 2012 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT). 1--3. R. Vyas, H. Nishimoto, M. Tentzeris, Y. Kawahara, and T. Asami. 2012. A battery-less, energy harvesting device for long range scavenging of wireless power from terrestrial TV broadcasts. In 2012 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT). 1--3."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11853565_29"},{"volume-title":"Maximalist Cryptography and Computation on the WISP UHF RFID Tag","author":"Chae Hee-Jin","key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","unstructured":"Hee-Jin Chae , Mastooreh Salajegheh , Daniel J. Yeager , Joshua R. Smith , and Kevin Fu. 2013. Maximalist Cryptography and Computation on the WISP UHF RFID Tag . Springer , New York, NY , 175--187. Hee-Jin Chae, Mastooreh Salajegheh, Daniel J. Yeager, Joshua R. Smith, and Kevin Fu. 2013. Maximalist Cryptography and Computation on the WISP UHF RFID Tag. Springer, New York, NY, 175--187."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"WPC Trade Conference (November","author":"Perzow John","year":"2015","unstructured":"John Perzow . 2015 . Measuring wireless charging efficiency in the real world . WPC Trade Conference (November 2015). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com\/data\/downloadables\/1\/5\/2\/7\/john-perzow-efficiency-of-wireless-charging.pdf. John Perzow. 2015. Measuring wireless charging efficiency in the real world. WPC Trade Conference (November 2015). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com\/data\/downloadables\/1\/5\/2\/7\/john-perzow-efficiency-of-wireless-charging.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Wi-Fi charging works, but it can\u2019t really power your phone. Wired (June","author":"Allain Rhett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rhett Allain . 2015. Wi-Fi charging works, but it can\u2019t really power your phone. Wired (June 2015 ). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2015\/06\/power-wifi-isnt-think\/. Rhett Allain. 2015. Wi-Fi charging works, but it can\u2019t really power your phone. Wired (June 2015). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2015\/06\/power-wifi-isnt-think\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)","author":"Nadakuduti J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Nadakuduti , Lin Lu , and P. Guckian . 2013. Operating frequency selection for loosely coupled wireless power transfer systems with respect to RF emissions and RF exposure requirements . In Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) , 2013 IEEE. 234--237. J. Nadakuduti, Lin Lu, and P. Guckian. 2013. Operating frequency selection for loosely coupled wireless power transfer systems with respect to RF emissions and RF exposure requirements. In Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), 2013 IEEE. 234--237."},{"volume-title":"IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS\u201909)","author":"Healy M.","key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"M. Healy , T. Newe , and E. Lewis . 2009. Security for wireless sensor networks: A review . In IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS\u201909) . 80--85. M. Healy, T. Newe, and E. Lewis. 2009. Security for wireless sensor networks: A review. In IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS\u201909). 80--85."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"A study on networking techniques of WBAN system","volume":"2","author":"Kaur M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Kaur and S. Singh . 2015 . A study on networking techniques of WBAN system . Int. Res. Eng. Technol. (IRJET) 2 , 9 (2015), 80 -- 85 . M. Kaur and S. Singh. 2015. A study on networking techniques of WBAN system. Int. Res. Eng. Technol. (IRJET) 2, 9 (2015), 80--85.","journal-title":"Int. Res. Eng. Technol. (IRJET)"},{"volume-title":"13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201916)","author":"Kellogg Bryce","key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Bryce Kellogg , Vamsi Talla , Shyamnath Gollakota , and Joshua R. Smith . 2016. Passive Wi-Fi: Bringing low power to wi-fi transmissions . In 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201916) . USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 151--164. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/kellogg. Bryce Kellogg, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua R. Smith. 2016. Passive Wi-Fi: Bringing low power to wi-fi transmissions. In 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201916). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 151--164. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/kellogg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/580581.856575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US1119732","volume":"1","author":"Tesla N.","year":"1914","unstructured":"N. Tesla . 1914 . Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US1119732 . US Patent 1 , 119 ,732. N. Tesla. 1914. Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US1119732. US Patent 1,119,732.","journal-title":"US Patent"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3317686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3317686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:53:16Z","timestamp":1750204396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3317686"}},"subtitle":["Wireless-Charging-Based Networking to Protect Energy against Battery DoS Attacks"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3317686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3317686","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1550-4859"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-4867"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}