{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:31:42Z","timestamp":1773390702721,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":45,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3320269.3384719","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T16:33:22Z","timestamp":1601915602000},"page":"519-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Investigating MMM Ponzi Scheme on Bitcoin"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Yazan","family":"Boshmaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charitha","family":"Elvitigala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Husam","family":"Al Jawaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Primal","family":"Wijesekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mashael","family":"Al Sabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Household income inequality","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mathsocsci.2009.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13504851.2014.916379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Dissecting Ponzi schemes on Ethereum: identification, analysis, and impact. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.03779","author":"Bartoletti Massimo","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVCBT.2018.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"BehindMLM. August 2019 a. MMM China collapses government issues warning. https:\/\/behindmlm.com\/mlm\/regulation\/mmm-china-collapses-govt-issues-warning\/  BehindMLM. August 2019 a. MMM China collapses government issues warning. https:\/\/behindmlm.com\/mlm\/regulation\/mmm-china-collapses-govt-issues-warning\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"BehindMLM. August 2019 b. MMM Global Ponzi collapses Sergey Mavrodi in hiding. https:\/\/behindmlm.com\/companies\/mmm-global\/mmm-global-ponzi-collapses-sergey-mavrodi-in-hiding\/  BehindMLM. August 2019 b. MMM Global Ponzi collapses Sergey Mavrodi in hiding. https:\/\/behindmlm.com\/companies\/mmm-global\/mmm-global-ponzi-collapses-sergey-mavrodi-in-hiding\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"BehindMLM. August 2019 c. MMM South Africa bank accounts frozen. https:\/\/behindmlm.com\/mlm\/regulation\/mmm-south-africa-bank-accounts-frozen\/  BehindMLM. August 2019 c. MMM South Africa bank accounts frozen. https:\/\/behindmlm.com\/mlm\/regulation\/mmm-south-africa-bank-accounts-frozen\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.29.2.213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PST.2014.6890928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22312-0_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Anatomy of a Ponzi Scheme: Scams Past and Present: The New York Times Bestseller","author":"Cross Colleen"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"An Analysis of Bitcoin Laundry Services. (09","author":"de Balthasar Thibault","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"I'll gladly trade you two bits on Tuesday for a byte today: Bitcoin, regulating fraud in the e-conomy of Hacker-cash. U. Ill. JL Tech. & Pol'y","author":"Dion Derek A","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2017.0-118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JMLC-01-2017-0002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2006.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Digital forensics research: The next 10 years. digital investigation","author":"Garfinkel Simson L","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"The estimation of the Lorenz curve and Gini index. The review of economics and statistics","author":"Gastwirth Joseph L","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Bitcoin: An innovative alternative digital currency. Hastings Sci","volume":"4","author":"Grinberg Reuben","year":"2012","journal-title":"& Tech. LJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Sara Hess and Eugene Soltes. April 2018. Russia's greatest Ponzi mastermind is dead but his legacy lives on in the crypto world. https:\/\/qz.com\/1259524\/mmm-and-bitcoin-russian-ponzi-mastermind-sergei-mavrodi-is-dead-but-his-legacy-lives-on-in-crypto\/  Sara Hess and Eugene Soltes. April 2018. Russia's greatest Ponzi mastermind is dead but his legacy lives on in the crypto world. https:\/\/qz.com\/1259524\/mmm-and-bitcoin-russian-ponzi-mastermind-sergei-mavrodi-is-dead-but-his-legacy-lives-on-in-crypto\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Stan Higgins. March 2018. From $900 to $20 000: Bitcoin's Historic 2017 Price Run Revisited. https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/900--20000-bitcoins-historic-2017-price-run-revisited\/  Stan Higgins. March 2018. From $900 to $20 000: Bitcoin's Historic 2017 Price Run Revisited. https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/900--20000-bitcoins-historic-2017-price-run-revisited\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36108\/NJSA\/8102\/61(0150)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Yazan Boshmaf, and Aiman Erbad.","author":"Jawaheri Husam Al","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"BlockSci: Design and applications of a blockchain analysis platform. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.02489","author":"Kalodner Harry","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Global Bargain Hunting: The Investor's Guide to Profits in Emerging Markets","author":"Malkiel Burton G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Pablo Furche-Carlos Madeira-Mario Marcel and Carlos Medel. 2017. FinTech and the Future of Central Banking at a Crossroads. (2017).  Pablo Furche-Carlos Madeira-Mario Marcel and Carlos Medel. 2017. FinTech and the Future of Central Banking at a Crossroads. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2504730.2504747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32946-3_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Malte Moser. 2013. Anonymity of bitcoin transactions. (2013).  Malte Moser. 2013. Anonymity of bitcoin transactions. (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"An inquiry into money laundering tools in the Bitcoin ecosystem. (09","author":"Moser Malte","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossein Nabilou and Andr\u00e9 Pr\u00fcm. 2018. Ignorance debt and cryptocurrencies: The old and the new in the law and economics of concurrent currencies. (2018).  Hossein Nabilou and Andr\u00e9 Pr\u00fcm. 2018. Ignorance debt and cryptocurrencies: The old and the new in the law and economics of concurrent currencies. (2018).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3121918"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.","author":"Satoshi Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Finding The Greedy, Prodigal, and Suicidal Contracts at Scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.06038","author":"Nikolic Ivica","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47312\/aifer.v2i01.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Money laundering: muddying the macroeconomy","volume":"34","author":"Quirk Peter J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Finance and Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Security and privacy in social networks","author":"Reid Fergal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Chasing dirty money: The fight against money laundering","author":"Reuter Peter"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Madoff Ponzi Scheme Exposes the Myth of the Sophisticated Investor","volume":"40","author":"Smith Felicia","year":"2010","journal-title":"U. Balt. L. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Minsky, Crisis and Development","author":"Sommers Jeffrey"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Digital Currencies: Principles, Trends, Opportunities, and Risks. SSRN Electronic Journal (09","author":"Tasca Paolo","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47854-7_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, 101--112","author":"Vasek Marie","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Handbook of digital currency","author":"Yermack David"}],"event":{"name":"ASIA CCS '20: The 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Taipei Taiwan","acronym":"ASIA CCS '20","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3320269.3384719","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3320269.3384719","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:41:27Z","timestamp":1750200087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3320269.3384719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3320269.3384719","10.1145\/3320269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3320269.3384719","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}