{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T21:25:54Z","timestamp":1773350754407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008545","name":"Georgia State University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009523","name":"College of Computing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009523","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006778","name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"J. Mack Robinson College of Business"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of applications being developed that require access to knowledge about the real world has increased rapidly over the past two decades. Domain ontologies, which formalize the terms being used in a discipline, have become essential for research in areas such as Machine Learning, the Internet of Things, Robotics, and Natural Language Processing, because they enable separate systems to exchange information. The quality of these domain ontologies, however, must be ensured for meaningful communication. Assessing the quality of domain ontologies for their suitability to potential applications remains difficult, even though a variety of frameworks and metrics have been developed for doing so. This article reviews domain ontology assessment efforts to highlight the work that has been carried out and to clarify the important issues that remain. These assessment efforts are classified into five distinct evaluation approaches and the state of the art of each described. Challenges associated with domain ontology assessment are outlined and recommendations are made for future research and applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3329124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T12:40:16Z","timestamp":1568205616000},"page":"1-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Evaluating Domain Ontologies"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1652-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"}]},{"given":"Veda C.","family":"Storey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University, Atlanta Georgia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1766","author":"Achichi Manel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manel Achichi, Michelle Cheatham, Zlatan Dragisic, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Euzenat, Daniel Faria, Alfio Ferrara, and Ernesto Jim\u00e9nez-Ruiz. 2016. Results of the 2016 ontology alignment evaluation initiative. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1766. 73--129."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNI.2017.8123781"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Joel Adams and Steven Bedrick. 2014. Automatic classification of Pubmed abstracts with latent semantic indexing: Working notes. In CLEF (Working Notes). 1275--1282."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2183067.2183074"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDIM.2012.6360090"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development (KEOD\u201913)","author":"Alm Kiehl","unstructured":"Kiehl Alm, B. Lantow, and K. Sandkuhl. 2013. Applicability of quality metrics for ontologies on ontology design patterns. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development (KEOD\u201913). 48--57."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/STAIR.2011.5995760"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Farookh Khadeer Hussain, and Elizabeth J. Chang","author":"Ashraf Jamshaid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jamshaid Ashraf, Omar K. Hussain, Farookh Khadeer Hussain, and Elizabeth J. Chang. 2018. Evaluation of u ontology. In Measuring and Analysing the Use of Ontologies. Springer, Cham, 243--268."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1662636.1662638"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Evaluation metrics for computer science domain specific ontology in semantic web based IRSCSD system","volume":"19","author":"Bansal Ritika","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritika Bansal and Sonal Chawla. 2015. Evaluation metrics for computer science domain specific ontology in semantic web based IRSCSD system. International Journal of Computer (IJC) 19, 1 (2015), 129--139.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer (IJC)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"Michael Atkins. 2017. FIBO ontologies by domain and module. Retrieved from https:\/\/edmcouncil.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-170191"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2905055.2905193"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"Judson Bandeira Ig Ibert Bittencourt Patricia Espinheira and Seiji Isotani. FOCA: A methodology for ontology evaluation. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:1612.03353."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2014.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jbr.2013.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"12th International Workshop on Value Modeling and Business Ontologies (VMBO\u201918)","author":"Besheli Pooyan Ramezani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pooyan Ramezani Besheli. 2018. The pattern of patterns: What is a pattern in conceptual modeling? In 12th International Workshop on Value Modeling and Business Ontologies (VMBO\u201918). 99--106."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Hull","author":"Bimson Kent D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kent D. Bimson and Richard D. Hull. 2016. Unnatural language processing: Characterizing the challenges in translating natural language semantics into ontology semantics. In Semantic Web. 119--135."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian Bizer Tom Heath and Tim Berners-Lee. 2009. Linked data-the story so far. In Semantic Services Interoperability and Web Applications: Emerging Concepts. 205--227.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60960-593-3.ch008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2895238.2895249"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0501-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh061"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Evaluating the Quality and Interoperability of Biomedical Terminologies","author":"Bodenreider Oliver","unstructured":"Oliver Bodenreider. 2018. Evaluating the Quality and Interoperability of Biomedical Terminologies. Lister Hill Nation Center for Biomedical Communications. https:\/\/lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov\/system\/files\/pub9754.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janez Brank Marko Grobelnik and Dunja Mladeni\u0107. 2007. Automatic evaluation of ontologies. In Natural Language Processing and Text Mining. 193--219.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-754-1_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWBC.2006.010305"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. 24--30","author":"Brewster Christopher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Christopher Brewster, Harith Alani, Srinandan Dasmahapatra, and Yorick Wilks. 2004. Data driven ontology evaluation. In International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. 24--30."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-2712"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Demo Session at the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC\u201904)","author":"Buitelaar Paul","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paul Buitelaar, Thomas Eigner, and Thierry Declerck. 2004. OntoSelect: A dynamic ontology library with support for ontology selection. In Proceedings of the Demo Session at the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC\u201904)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2014.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24033-6_29"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2013.879212"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.747902"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Big Data Technologies","author":"Cheatham Michelle","unstructured":"Michelle Cheatham and Catia Pesquita. 2017. Semantic data integration. In Handbook of Big Data Technologies. Springer, 263--305."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","unstructured":"Jianpeng Cheng and Mirella Lapata. 2106. Neural summarization by extracting sentences and words. Arxiv Preprint ArXiv:1603.07252."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1168092.1168097"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-170190"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw175"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1995.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"2017 20th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion\u201917)","author":"de Villiers J. P.","unstructured":"J. P. de Villiers, R. W. Focke, G. Pavlin, A. L. Jousselme, V. Dragos, K. B. Laskey, P. C. Costa, and E. Blasch. 2017. Evaluation metrics for the practical application of URREF ontology: An illustration on data criteria. In 2017 20th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion\u201917). 1--8."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132218.3132219"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","first-page":"02442","article-title":"Machine learning techniques with ontology for subjective answer evaluation","volume":"1605","author":"Syamala Devi M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Syamala Devi and Himani Mittal. 2016. Machine learning techniques with ontology for subjective answer evaluation. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:1605.02442.","journal-title":"Arxiv Preprint Arxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2012.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"OQuaRE: A SQuaRE-based approach for evaluating the quality of ontologies","volume":"43","author":"Duque-Ramos Astrid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Astrid Duque-Ramos, Jesualdo Tomas Fern\u00e1ndez-Breis, Robert David Stevens, and Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles. 2011. OQuaRE: A SQuaRE-based approach for evaluating the quality of ontologies. Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology 43, 2 (2011), 159.","journal-title":"Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104463"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2395856.2395967"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2011.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199910)20:10<953::AID-SMJ59>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2451993.2452241"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0887-3801(2005)19:4(394)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IJCAI 2001 Workshop on Ontology and Information Sharing. 19--25","author":"Euzenat J\u00e9r\u00f4me","year":"2001","unstructured":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Euzenat. 2001, August. Towards a principled approach to semantic interoperability. In Proceedings of the IJCAI 2001 Workshop on Ontology and Information Sharing. 19--25."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2010.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"A framework for ontology evaluation","volume":"354","author":"Fahad Muhammad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muhammad Fahad and Muhammad Abdul Qadir. 2008. A framework for ontology evaluation. ICCS Supplement 354 (2008), 149--158.","journal-title":"ICCS Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38288-8_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","volume-title":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics.","author":"Fellbaum Christiane","unstructured":"Christiane Fellbaum. 1998. WordNet. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-170181"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2578637"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aldo Gangemi Nicolar Guarino Claudio Masolo Alessandro Oltramari and Luc Schneider 2002. Sweetening ontologies with DOLCE. In Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: Ontologies and the Semantic Web. 166--181.","DOI":"10.5555\/645362.650863"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aldo Gangemi Carola Catenacci Massimiliano Ciaramita and Jos Lehmann 2006. Modelling ontology evaluation and validation. In The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. 140--154. 10.1007\/11762256_13","DOI":"10.1007\/11762256_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952261"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(02)00127-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","unstructured":"Toader Gherasim Giuseppe Berio Mounira Harzallah and Pascale Kuntz. 2012. Problems impacting the quality of automatically built ontologies. In Knowledge Engineering and Software Engineering (KESE8\u201912). 22."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(96)00067-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-111X(200103)16:3<391::AID-INT1014>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asunci\u00f3n G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez. 2004. Ontology evaluation. In Handbook on Ontologies. 251--273.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24750-0_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","first-page":"01286","article-title":"Metadata in the biosample online repository are impaired by numerous anomalies","volume":"1708","author":"Gon\u00e7alves Rafael S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rafael S. Gon\u00e7alves, Martin J. O'Connor, Marcos Mart\u00ednez-Romero, John Graybeal, and Mark A. Musen. 2017. Metadata in the biosample online repository are impaired by numerous anomalies. ArXiv Preprint Arxiv:1708.01286 2017.","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint Arxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 3rd Annual European Semantic Web Conference. 25--37","author":"Goudos Sotirios K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sotirios K. Goudos, Vassilios Peristeras, and Konstantinos Tarabanis. 2006. Mapping citizen profiles to public administration services using ontology implementations of the governance enterprise architecture GEA models. In Proceedings of 3rd Annual European Semantic Web Conference. 25--37."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/knac.1993.1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1995.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2351667.2351669"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","unstructured":"Michael Gr\u00fcninger and Megan Katsumi. 2012. Specifying ontology design patterns with an ontology repository. In WOP. 929."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503124.503150"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicola Guarino Daniel Oberle and Steffen Staab. 2009. What is an ontology? In Handbook on Ontologies. 1--17.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1412350.1412361"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-150143"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49130-1_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","unstructured":"Nicola Guarino. 2017. BFO and DOLCE: So Far so close. In Cosmos Taxis 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"On ontology, ontologies, conceptualizations, modeling languages, and meta models","volume":"155","author":"Guizzardi Giancarlo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Giancarlo Guizzardi. 2007. On ontology, ontologies, conceptualizations, modeling languages, and meta models. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications 155 (2007), 18.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2019445.2019460"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","volume-title":"Ricardo de Almeida Falbo, and Renata S. S. Guizzardi","author":"Guizzardi Giancarlo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giancarlo Guizzardi, Ricardo de Almeida Falbo, and Renata S. S. Guizzardi. 2008. Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology UFO: The case of the ODE software process ontology. In CIbSE. 127--140."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Domain-Specific Visual Languages.","author":"Guizzardi Giancarlo","unstructured":"Giancarlo Guizzardi, Luis Ferreira Pires, and Marten J. Van Sinderen. 2002. On the role of domain ontologies in the design of domain-specific visual modeling languages. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Domain-Specific Visual Languages."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-150157"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-009-0332-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","volume-title":"Mari Carmen Su\u00e1rez-Figueroa, and York Sure","author":"Hartmann Jens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jens Hartmann, Peter Spyns, Alain Giboin, Diana Maynard, Roberta Cuel, Mari Carmen Su\u00e1rez-Figueroa, and York Sure. 2005. D1.2.3 methods for ontology evaluation. EU-IST Network of Excellence NoE IST-2004-507482 KWEB Deliverable D1."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2009.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1149453.1149487"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2007.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_90_1","volume-title":"Metrics and methods for comparative ontology evaluation. Ci\u00eancia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o 46","author":"Hicks Amanda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amanda Hicks. 2017. Metrics and methods for comparative ontology evaluation. Ci\u00eancia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o 46 (2017), 1."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_91_1","volume-title":"Manning","author":"Hirschberg Julia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Julia Hirschberg and Christopher D. Manning. 2015. Advances in natural language processing. Science 349, 6245 (2015), 261--266."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_92_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Approaches, methods, metrics, measures, and subjectivity in ontology evaluation: A survey","volume":"1","author":"Hlomani Hlomani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hlomani Hlomani and Deborah Stacey. 2014. Approaches, methods, metrics, measures, and subjectivity in ontology evaluation: A survey. Semantic Web and Information Systems 1, 5 (2014), 1--11.","journal-title":"Semantic Web and Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_93_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Ontological analysis for dynamic data model exploration","volume":"5","author":"Hobbs Mike","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mike Hobbs, Cristina Luca, Arooj Fatima, and Mark Warnes. 2014. Ontological analysis for dynamic data model exploration. Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis: Decision Support Systems and Services Evaluation 5, 1 (2014), 42--56.","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis: Decision Support Systems and Services Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_94_1","volume-title":"Gkoutos","author":"Hoehndorf Robert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robert Hoehndorf, Michel Dumontier, and Georgios V. Gkoutos. 2012. Evaluation of research in biomedical ontologies. In Briefings in Bioinformatics. bbs053."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_95_1","unstructured":"James Huang Stephanie Rogers and Eunkwang Joo. 2014. Improving restaurants by extracting subtopics from yelp reviews. In iConference 2014 (Social Media Expo)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_96_1","unstructured":"Khairul Nurmazianna Ismail. 2014. Development of durian ontology from unstructured text and external knowledge source. PhD diss. Universiti Teknologi MARA."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_97_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Meta-analysis of ontology software development process","volume":"9","author":"Jabar Marzanah A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marzanah A. Jabar, Mustafa Salah Khalefa, Rusli H. Abdullah, and Salfarina Abdullah. 2014. Meta-analysis of ontology software development process. International Review on Computers and Software (IRECOS) 9, 1 (2014), 29--37.","journal-title":"International Review on Computers and Software (IRECOS)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_98_1","volume-title":"ECAI\u201998 Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration.","author":"Jones Dean","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dean Jones. 1998. Developing shared ontologies in multi-agent systems. In ECAI\u201998 Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yong-Bin Kang Yuan-Fang Li and Shonali Krishnaswamy. 2012. Predicting reasoning performance using ontology metrics. In The Semantic Web (ISWC\u201912). 198--214. 10.1007\/978-3-642-35176-1_13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35176-1_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2008.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-160171"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_102_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development.","author":"Keet C. Maria","year":"2013","unstructured":"C. Maria Keet, Mari Carmen Suarez-Figueroa, and Maria Poveda-Villalon. 2013. The current landscape of pitfalls in ontologies. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-150151"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13740-015-0052-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_105_1","volume-title":"World Congress on Engineering (WCE 10)","author":"Rahamatullah Khondoker M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M. Rahamatullah Khondoker and Paul Mueller. 2010. Comparing ontology development tools based on an online survey. In World Congress on Engineering (WCE 10)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_106_1","volume-title":"Storey","author":"Kim Jongwoo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jongwoo Kim and Veda C. Storey. 2012. Ontologies: Sourcing the World Wide Web. In Organizational Efficiency through Intelligent Information Technologies. 65."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23962\/10539\/21758"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_108_1","volume-title":"The advancement of science: Science without legend, objectivity without illusion","author":"Kitcher Philip","unstructured":"Philip Kitcher. 1995. The advancement of science: Science without legend, objectivity without illusion. Oxford University Press, 432 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2331118"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2351667.2351671"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/882477.883624"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2590215.2590217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_114_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Behavior change interventions: The potential of ontologies for advancing science and practice. Journal of Behavioral Medicine","volume":"40","author":"Larsen Kai R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kai R. Larsen, Susan Michie, Eric B. Hekler, Bryan Gibson, Donna Spruijt-Metz, David Ahern, and Heather Cole-Lewis. 2017. Behavior change interventions: The potential of ontologies for advancing science and practice. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Springer 40, 1 (2017), 6--22.","journal-title":"Springer"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173987"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/219717.219745"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_117_1","volume-title":"Advances in Databases and Information Systems","author":"Liu Danfeng","unstructured":"Danfeng Liu, Antonis Bikakis, and Andreas Vlachidis. 2017. Evaluation of semantic web ontologies for modelling art collections. In Advances in Databases and Information Systems. Springer, Cham, 343--352."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jdm.2004040101"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/JDM.2018010101"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2013.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_122_1","volume-title":"Proceedings on the Workshop on Integrating Data Mining and Knowledge Management.","author":"Maedche Alexander","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alexander Maedche and Raphael Volz. 2012. The ontology extraction and maintenance framework Text-To-Onto. In Proceedings on the Workshop on Integrating Data Mining and Knowledge Management."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13326-017-0128-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66429-3_54"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_125_1","volume-title":"AAAI Spring Symposium: Formalizing and Compiling Background Knowledge and Its Applications to Knowledge Representation and Question Answering. 44--49","author":"Matuszek Cynthia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cynthia Matuszek, John Cabral, Michael J. Witbrock, and John DeOliveira. 2006. An introduction to the syntax and content of cyc. In AAAI Spring Symposium: Formalizing and Compiling Background Knowledge and Its Applications to Knowledge Representation and Question Answering. 44--49."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_127_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.","author":"Mihalcea Rada","unstructured":"Rada Mihalcea and Paul Tarau. Textrank: Bringing order into text. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_129_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of DACS\u201914","author":"Mossakowski Till","year":"2014","unstructured":"Till Mossakowski, Oliver Kutz, and Mihai Codescu. 2014. Ontohub: A semantic repository for heterogeneous ontologies. In Proceedings of DACS\u201914."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_130_1","unstructured":"Sandeep Sricharan Mukku Nurendra Choudhary and Radhika Mamidi. 2016. Enhanced sentiment classification of Telugu text using ML techniques. In SAAIP@ IJCAI. 29--34."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2757001.2757003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2594763.2594765"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_133_1","volume-title":"Mar\u00eda Pilar Salas-Z\u00e1rate, Miguel \u00c1ngel Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda, Rafael Valencia-Garc\u00eda, and Jos\u00e9 Luis Ochoa.","author":"Noguera-Arnaldos Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Noguera-Arnaldos, Mario Andr\u00e9s Paredes-Valverde, Mar\u00eda Pilar Salas-Z\u00e1rate, Miguel \u00c1ngel Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda, Rafael Valencia-Garc\u00eda, and Jos\u00e9 Luis Ochoa. 2017. IM4 Things: An ontology-based natural language interface for controlling devices in the internet of things. In Current Trends on Knowledge-Based Systems. 3--22."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_134_1","first-page":"3 (supp. 2) (20","article-title":"BioPortal: Ontologies and integrated data resources at the click of a mouse","volume":"29","author":"Noy Natalya F.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Natalya F. Noy, Nigam H. Shah, Patricia L. Whetzel, Benjamin Dai, Michael Dorf, Nicholas Griffith, and Mark A. Musen. 2009. BioPortal: Ontologies and integrated data resources at the click of a mouse. Nucleic Acids Research 29, 3 (supp. 2) (2009), W170--173.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1412362.1412368"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_136_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of ontologies toward improved semantic interoperability. Semantic Web: Revolutionizing Knowledge Discovery in the Life Sciences","author":"Obrst Leo","unstructured":"Leo Obrst, Werner Ceusters, Inderjeet Mani, Steve Ray, and Barry Smith. 2007. Evaluation of ontologies toward improved semantic interoperability. Semantic Web: Revolutionizing Knowledge Discovery in the Life Sciences, Vol. 9780387484389. Springer US, 139--58."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_137_1","unstructured":"Leo Obrst Mark Musen Barry Smith Fabian Neuhaus Frank Olken Mike Gr\u00fcninger M. Raymond Patrick Hayes and Raj Sharma. 2008. Ontology Summit 2008: Towards an open ontology repository. http:\/\/ontolog.cim3.net\/wiki\/OntologySummit2008_Communique.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/2011.2482(10)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1971674.1971677"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2668256.2668259"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10799-011-0094-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_142_1","unstructured":"Ontology Evaluation Across the Ontology Lifecycle. 2013. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.zotero.org\/groups\/ontologysummit2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2006.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2011.6020046"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1780909.1780998"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2017399.2017409"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_147_1","volume-title":"The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Datapp","author":"Paulheim Heilo","unstructured":"Heilo Paulheim, Sven Hertling, and Dominique Ritze. 2013. Towards evaluating interactive ontology matching tools. In The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Datapp. Springer, Berlin, 31--45."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.042313.00197"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0005608202630268"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_150_1","volume-title":"ECAI Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population.","author":"Porzel Robert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robert Porzel and Rainer Malaka. 2004. A task-based approach for ontology evaluation. In ECAI Workshop on Ontology Learning and Population."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33876-2_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijswis.2014040102"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1412350.1412360"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_154_1","volume-title":"Statistical Semantics","author":"\u0158eh\u0159ek Radim","unstructured":"Radim \u0158eh\u0159ek and Petr Sojka. 2011. Gensim\u2014statistical semantics in python. In Statistical Semantics; Gensim; Python; LDA; SVD."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2011.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2014.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1774088.1774105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1412350.1412357"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_159_1","volume-title":"MCIS 2011 Proceedings. Paper 50","author":"Romano Rosetta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosetta Romano and Craig McDonald. 2011. Assessing the quality of ontology. In MCIS 2011 Proceedings. Paper 50."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_160_1","first-page":"5616","article-title":"An effective approach for web document classification using the concept of association analysis of data mining","volume":"1406","author":"Roul Rajendra Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rajendra Kumar Roul and Sanjay Kumar Sahay. 2014. An effective approach for web document classification using the concept of association analysis of data mining. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:1406.5616.","journal-title":"Arxiv Preprint Arxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi9040090"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2013.834472"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-1480-3-S2-S4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2594742.2594746"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David G. Schwartz. 2014. Enhancing knowledge marketplaces through the theory of knowledge measurement. In Handbook of Strategic e-Business Management. 735--748.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39747-9_30"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_166_1","volume-title":"Reason and the Search for Knowledge","author":"Shapere Dudley","unstructured":"Dudley Shapere. 1984. Scientific theories and their domains. In Reason and the Search for Knowledge. Springer, 273--319."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_167_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Software metrics for an efficient design of ontologies","volume":"63","author":"Shoaib M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"M. Shoaib, K. Kalsoom, S. Majid, and F. Majeed. 2011. Software metrics for an efficient design of ontologies. Pakistan Journal of Science 63 (2011), 1.","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2017388.2017390"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2539150.2539233"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_170_1","volume-title":"Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT\u201916)","author":"Sinha Bhaskar","unstructured":"Bhaskar Sinha, Megha Garg, and Somnath Chandra. 2016. Identification and classification of relations for Indian languages using machine learning approaches for developing a domain specific ontology. In Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT\u201916). IEEE, 415--420."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645493.657527"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_173_1","volume-title":"The challenge of knowledge soup. Research Trends in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education","author":"Sowa John F.","year":"2006","unstructured":"John F. Sowa. 2006. The challenge of knowledge soup. Research Trends in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (2006), 55--90."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_174_1","volume-title":"Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives","author":"John F.","unstructured":"John F. Sowa 2010. The role of logic and ontology in language and reasoning. In Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives. Springer, 231--263."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_175_1","unstructured":"John F. Sowa (Ed.). 2014. Principles of semantic networks: Explorations in the representation of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann publishers Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-150159"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_177_1","unstructured":"John F. Sowa. 2018. Ontology standards: History lessons and warnings. Retrieved from http:\/\/jfsowa.com\/temp\/ontostan.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/014492900118768"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_179_1","volume-title":"Storey and Bernhard Thalheim","author":"Veda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Veda C. Storey and Bernhard Thalheim. 2017. Conceptual modeling: Enhancement through semiotics. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. Springer, Cham, 182--190."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJKL.2008.022059"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1166074.1166083"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v12i12.2043"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_183_1","volume-title":"Ontology Engineering in a Networked World","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Figueroa Mari Carmen","unstructured":"Mari Carmen Su\u00e1rez-Figueroa, Asuncion Gomez-Perez, and Mariano Fern\u00e1ndez-Lopez. 2012. The neon methodology for ontology engineering. In Ontology Engineering in a Networked World. Springer, Berlin, 9--34."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_184_1","first-page":"07295","article-title":"Document classification by inversion of distributed language representations","volume":"1504","author":"Taddy Matt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matt Taddy. 2015. Document classification by inversion of distributed language representations. Arxiv Preprint ArXiv:1504.07295.","journal-title":"Arxiv Preprint ArXiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_185_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM\u201905)","author":"Tartir Samir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Samir Tartir, I. Budak Arpinar, Michael Moore, Amit P. Sheth, and Boanerges Aleman-Meza. 2005. OntoQA: Metric-based ontology quality analysis. In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM\u201905) Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition from Distributed, Autonomous, Semantically Heterogeneous Data and Knowledge Sources. https:\/\/corescholar.libraries.wright.edu\/knoesis\/660."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_186_1","volume-title":"Ontology: The Information-Science Stance","author":"Tartir Samir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Samir Tartir, I. Budak Arpinar, and Amit P. Sheth. 2010. Ontological evaluation and validation. In Theory and Applications of Ontology (TAO), Volume II: Ontology: The Information-Science Stance, R. Poli (Ed.). Springer."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03998-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1965519"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_189_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2003 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 7.","author":"Tolk Andreas","unstructured":"Andreas Tolk and James A. Muguira. 2003. The levels of conceptual interoperability model. In Proceedings of the 2003 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 7."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_190_1","volume-title":"Ontology Summit","author":"Underwood Mark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mark Underwood, Michael Gr\u00fcninger, Ken Baclawski, Mike Bennett, Gary Berg-Cross, Torsten Hahmann, Leo Obrst, and Ram Sriram. 2015 Internet of Things: Toward smart networked systems and societies. In Ontology Summit 2015. Retrieved from http:\/\/ontolog.cim3.net\/OntologySummit\/2015\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-160213"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1412417.1412422"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denny Vrande\u010di\u0107. 2009. Ontology evaluation. In Handbook on Ontologies. 293--313.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_194_1","unstructured":"W3C-SWBPD. 2004. Semantic Web Best Practices and Deployment Working Group. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/sw\/BestPractices\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_195_1","volume-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 261","author":"Ye Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Ye, Zhi Zhou, Shan Jin, Debin Liu, and Mi Lu. 2017. Comparisons and selections of features and classifiers for short text classification. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 261, 1 (2017), 012018."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_196_1","volume-title":"Researching Accounting as an Information Systems Discipline, Sutton S, Arnold V, Eds","author":"Weber Ron","unstructured":"Ron Weber. 2002. Ontological issues in accounting information systems. In Researching Accounting as an Information Systems Discipline, Sutton S, Arnold V, Eds. American Accounting Association, Sarosota, FL."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stuart Weibel John Kunze Carl Lagoze and Misha Wolf. 1998. Dublin core metadata for resource discovery. No. RFC 2413. 10.17487\/RFC2413","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC2413"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr469"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_199_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The open-multinet upper ontology towards the semantic-based management of federated infrastructures","volume":"2","author":"Willner Alexander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alexander Willner, Chrysa Papagianni, Mary Giatili, Paola Grosso, Mohamed Morsey, Yahya Al-Hazmi, and Ilya Baldin. 2015. The open-multinet upper ontology towards the semantic-based management of federated infrastructures. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 2, 7 (2015), 1--10.","journal-title":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEBE.2006.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2005.107.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_202_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems.","author":"Yao Wen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wen Yao, Chao Chu, Akhil Kumar, and Zang Li. 2009. Using ontology to support context awareness in healthcare. In Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1595075.1595917"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2005.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.11.735"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying Zhao and George Karypis. 2002. Comparison of Agglomerative and Partitional Document Clustering Algorithms. Technical Report TR-02-014. Minnesota Univ. Minneapolis Dept. of Computer Science.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA439503"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw723","article-title":"Hum-mPLoc 3.0: Prediction enhancement of human protein subcellular localization through modeling the hidden correlations of gene ontology and functional domain features","volume":"33","author":"Zhou Hang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hang Zhou, Yang Yang, and Hong-Bin Shen. 2017. Hum-mPLoc 3.0: Prediction enhancement of human protein subcellular localization through modeling the hidden correlations of gene ontology and functional domain features. Bioinformatics 33, 6 (2017), 843--853.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_208_1","volume-title":"Computational Collective Intelligence","author":"Ziemba Pawel","unstructured":"Pawel Ziemba, Jaros\u0142aw Jankowski, Jaros\u0142aw W\u0105tr\u00f3bski, and Jaros\u0142aw Becker. 2015. Knowledge management in website quality evaluation domain. In Computational Collective Intelligence. Springer, 75--85."}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3329124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3329124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T13:26:07Z","timestamp":1750857967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3329124"}},"subtitle":["Clarification, Classification, and Challenges"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"references-count":208,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3329124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3329124","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}