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Auton. Adapt. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The intuitive notion of\n            <jats:italic>added value<\/jats:italic>\n            in groups represents a fundamental property of biological, physical, and economic systems: how the interaction or cooperation of multiple entities, substances, or other agents can produce synergistic effects. However, despite the ubiquity of group formation, a well-founded measure of added value has remained elusive. Here, we propose such a measure inspired by the\n            <jats:italic>Shapley value<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014a fundamental solution concept from Cooperative Game Theory. To this end, we start by developing a solution concept that measures the\n            <jats:italic>average impact<\/jats:italic>\n            of each player in a coalitional game and show how this measure uniquely satisfies a set of intuitive properties. Then, building upon our solution concept, we propose a measure of added value that not only analyzes the interactions of players\n            <jats:italic>inside<\/jats:italic>\n            their group, but also\n            <jats:italic>outside<\/jats:italic>\n            it, thereby reflecting otherwise-hidden information about how these individuals typically perform in various groups of the population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3335547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T12:05:56Z","timestamp":1563969956000},"page":"1-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Measure of Added Value in Groups"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bedoor K.","family":"Alshebli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"given":"Tomasz P.","family":"Michalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Skibski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wooldridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, UK"}]},{"given":"Talal","family":"Rahwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems-Volume 3. 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