{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:56:54Z","timestamp":1771232214016,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3341325.3342033","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T13:04:52Z","timestamp":1567775092000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Understanding Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Moneeb","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, National Textile Universty, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Elahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, National Textile Universty, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Abrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, National Textile Universty, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, National Textile Universty, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Iqra","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, National Textile Universty, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asif","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, National Textile Universty, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Rehan Ashraf","author":"Ahmad Mudassar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mudassar Ahmad , Tanveer Younis , Muhammad Asif Habib , Rehan Ashraf , and Syed Hassan Ahmed. 2019 . A Review of Current Security Issues in Internet of Things. In Recent Trends and Advances in Wireless and IoT-enabled Networks. Springer , 11--23. Mudassar Ahmad, Tanveer Younis, Muhammad Asif Habib, Rehan Ashraf, and Syed Hassan Ahmed. 2019. A Review of Current Security Issues in Internet of Things. In Recent Trends and Advances in Wireless and IoT-enabled Networks. Springer, 11--23."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Real-World Cryptography Conference.","author":"Androulaki Elli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elli Androulaki , Christian Cachin , Angelo De Caro , Andreas Kind , and Mike Osborne . 2017 . Cryptography and protocols in hyperledger fabric . In Real-World Cryptography Conference. Elli Androulaki, Christian Cachin, Angelo De Caro, Andreas Kind, and Mike Osborne. 2017. Cryptography and protocols in hyperledger fabric. In Real-World Cryptography Conference."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54455-6_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"blockgeeks. 2018. https:\/\/blockgeeks.com\/guides\/what-iscryptoeconomics\/. (2018).  blockgeeks. 2018. https:\/\/blockgeeks.com\/guides\/what-iscryptoeconomics\/. (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Non-determinism in byzantine fault-tolerant replication. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.07351","author":"Cachin Christian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christian Cachin , Simon Schubert , and Marko Vukoli\u0107 . 2016. Non-determinism in byzantine fault-tolerant replication. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.07351 ( 2016 ). Christian Cachin, Simon Schubert, and Marko Vukoli\u0107. 2016. Non-determinism in byzantine fault-tolerant replication. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.07351 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine fault tolerance","volume":"99","author":"Castro Miguel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miguel Castro , Barbara Liskov , 1999 . Practical Byzantine fault tolerance . In OSDI , Vol. 99. 173 -- 186 . Miguel Castro, Barbara Liskov, et al. 1999. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance. In OSDI, Vol. 99. 173--186.","journal-title":"OSDI"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The concept and criticisms of Steemit. Available at SSRN 3129410","author":"Chohan Usman W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Usman W Chohan . 2018. The concept and criticisms of Steemit. Available at SSRN 3129410 ( 2018 ). Usman W Chohan. 2018. The concept and criticisms of Steemit. Available at SSRN 3129410 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"W.Dai. 2018. http:\/\/www.weidai.com\/bmoney.txt. B-Money website.  W.Dai. 2018. http:\/\/www.weidai.com\/bmoney.txt. B-Money website."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Blockchain enabled applications","author":"Dhillon Vikram","unstructured":"Vikram Dhillon , David Metcalf , and Max Hooper . 2017. The hyperledger project . In Blockchain enabled applications . Springer , 139--149. Vikram Dhillon, David Metcalf, and Max Hooper. 2017. The hyperledger project. In Blockchain enabled applications. Springer, 139--149."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/7531.7533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646334.687813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Smart contracts, Bitcoin bots, and consumer protection","volume":"71","author":"Fairfield Joshua AT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshua AT Fairfield . 2014 . Smart contracts, Bitcoin bots, and consumer protection . Washington and Lee Law Review Online 71 , 2 (2014), 36 . Joshua AT Fairfield. 2014. Smart contracts, Bitcoin bots, and consumer protection. Washington and Lee Law Review Online 71, 2 (2014), 36.","journal-title":"Washington and Lee Law Review Online"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2018.2851722"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Joel JPC Rodrigues, and Muhammad Sayim Khalil","author":"Habib Muhammad Asif","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muhammad Asif Habib , Mudassar Ahmad , Sohail Jabbar , Shehzad Khalid , Junaid Chaudhry , Kashif Saleem , Joel JPC Rodrigues, and Muhammad Sayim Khalil . 2019 . Security and privacy based access control model for internet of connected vehicles. Future Generation Computer Systems ( 2019). Muhammad Asif Habib, Mudassar Ahmad, Sohail Jabbar, Shehzad Khalid, Junaid Chaudhry, Kashif Saleem, Joel JPC Rodrigues, and Muhammad Sayim Khalil. 2019. Security and privacy based access control model for internet of connected vehicles. Future Generation Computer Systems (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Muhammad Asif Habib and Michael Thomas Krieger. {n. d.}. Security in Grid Computing. In Seminar aus Netzwerke und Sicherheit: Communication Infrastructure.  Muhammad Asif Habib and Michael Thomas Krieger. {n. d.}. Security in Grid Computing. In Seminar aus Netzwerke und Sicherheit: Communication Infrastructure."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3231053.3231116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"An Empirical Analysis of Player Behavior in Blockchain-based Game: Is It A Game or Speculation?","author":"Jang Moonkyoung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moonkyoung Jang , Byungjoon Yoo , and Jaehwan Lee . 2018. An Empirical Analysis of Player Behavior in Blockchain-based Game: Is It A Game or Speculation? ( 2018 ), 120--123. Moonkyoung Jang, Byungjoon Yoo, and Jaehwan Lee. 2018. An Empirical Analysis of Player Behavior in Blockchain-based Game: Is It A Game or Speculation? (2018), 120--123."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1131","article-title":"How to make a mint: the cryptography of anonymous electronic cash","volume":"46","author":"Law Laurie","year":"1996","unstructured":"Laurie Law , Susan Sabett , and Jerry Solinas . 1996 . How to make a mint: the cryptography of anonymous electronic cash . Am. UL Rev. 46 (1996), 1131 . Laurie Law, Susan Sabett, and Jerry Solinas. 1996. How to make a mint: the cryptography of anonymous electronic cash. Am. UL Rev. 46 (1996), 1131.","journal-title":"Am. UL Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004460050050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"D. Mazieres. 2018. https:\/\/www.stellar.org\/papers\/ stellar-consensus-protocol.pdf\/. In The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus . RSK website.  D. Mazieres. 2018. https:\/\/www.stellar.org\/papers\/ stellar-consensus-protocol.pdf\/. In The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus . RSK website."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2826225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.","author":"Satoshi Nakamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Satoshi Nakamoto et al. 2008 . Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. (2008). Satoshi Nakamoto et al. 2008. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","article-title":"A Survey about Consensus Algorithms Used in Blockchain","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen Giang-Truong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giang-Truong Nguyen and Kyungbaek Kim . 2018 . A Survey about Consensus Algorithms Used in Blockchain . Journal of Information processing systems 14 , 1 (2018). Giang-Truong Nguyen and Kyungbaek Kim. 2018. A Survey about Consensus Algorithms Used in Blockchain. Journal of Information processing systems 14, 1 (2018).","journal-title":"Journal of Information processing systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karl J O'Dwyer and David Malone. 2014. Bitcoin mining and its energy footprint. (2014).  Karl J O'Dwyer and David Malone. 2014. Bitcoin mining and its energy footprint. (2014).","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2014.0699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2685328.2685334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Blockchain without waste: Proof-of-stake. Available at SSRN 3183935","author":"Saleh Fahad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fahad Saleh . 2019. Blockchain without waste: Proof-of-stake. Available at SSRN 3183935 ( 2019 ). Fahad Saleh. 2019. Blockchain without waste: Proof-of-stake. Available at SSRN 3183935 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"David Schwartz Noah Youngs Arthur Britto etal 2014. The ripple protocol consensus algorithm. Ripple Labs Inc White Paper 5 (2014).  David Schwartz Noah Youngs Arthur Britto et al. 2014. The ripple protocol consensus algorithm. Ripple Labs Inc White Paper 5 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2, 9","author":"Szabo Nick","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nick Szabo . 1997. Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2, 9 ( 1997 ). Nick Szabo. 1997. Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2, 9 (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"N. Szabo. 2018. http:\/\/unenumerated.blogspot.de\/2005\/12\/bitgold.html. Bit gold.  N. Szabo. 2018. http:\/\/unenumerated.blogspot.de\/2005\/12\/bitgold.html. Bit gold."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2535718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.153253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"MGCSA Walport etal 2016. Distributed ledger technology: Beyond blockchain. UK Government Office for Science 1 (2016).  MGCSA Walport et al. 2016. Distributed ledger technology: Beyond blockchain. UK Government Office for Science 1 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/peercoin.net. Peercoin website","author":"Peercoin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peercoin website. 2018. https:\/\/peercoin.net. Peercoin website ( 2018 ). Peercoin website. 2018. https:\/\/peercoin.net. Peercoin website (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"RSK website. 2018. https:\/\/www.rsk.co\/. RSK website.  RSK website. 2018. https:\/\/www.rsk.co\/. RSK website."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper 151","author":"Gavin Wood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gavin Wood et al. 2014 . Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper 151 (2014), 1--32. Gavin Wood et al. 2014. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper 151 (2014), 1--32."}],"event":{"name":"ICFNDS '19: 3rd International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems","location":"Paris France","acronym":"ICFNDS '19","sponsor":["CNAM Conservatoire des Arts et M\u00e9tiers"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3341325.3342033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3341325.3342033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:12:58Z","timestamp":1750201978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3341325.3342033"}},"subtitle":["Platforms, Applications and Implementation Challenges"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3341325.3342033","10.1145\/3341325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3341325.3342033","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}