{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:59:44Z","timestamp":1767650384507,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":34,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3341981.3344217","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T12:34:07Z","timestamp":1569587647000},"page":"3-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Probabilistic Word Embeddings in Neural IR"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Purpura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Padua, Italy"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Maggipinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Silvello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Padua, Italy"}]},{"given":"Gian Antonio","family":"Susto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"C. Basu L. Dietz and C. Fellbaum. 2018. WordNetContext: Information Retrieval-friendly Access to WordNet Senses. In ProfS\/KG4IR\/Data:Search@SIGIR (CEUR Workshop Proceedings) Vol. 2127. CEUR-WS.org 63--64.  C. Basu L. Dietz and C. Fellbaum. 2018. WordNetContext: Information Retrieval-friendly Access to WordNet Senses. In ProfS\/KG4IR\/Data:Search@SIGIR (CEUR Workshop Proceedings) Vol. 2127. CEUR-WS.org 63--64."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)00050-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.","author":"Devlin J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Devlin , M. W. Chang , K. Lee , and K. Toutanova . 2018 . BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. J. Devlin, M. W. Chang, K. Lee, and K. Toutanova. 2018. BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database","volume":"25","author":"Fellbaum C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"C. Fellbaum . 1999 . WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database . Computational Linguistics , Vol. 25 , 2 (June 1999), 292--296. C. Fellbaum. 1999. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. Computational Linguistics , Vol. 25, 2 (June 1999), 292--296.","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2014.11.009"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)","author":"Grave E.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"E. Grave , P. Bojanowski , P. Gupta , A. Joulin , and T. Mikolov . 2018. Learning Word Vectors for 157 Languages . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018) . E. Grave, P. Bojanowski, P. Gupta, A. Joulin, and T. Mikolov. 2018. Learning Word Vectors for 157 Languages. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018) ."},{"volume-title":"CIKM 2016 . 55--64","author":"Guo J.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"J. Guo , Y. Fan , Q. Ai , and W. B. Croft . 2016. A Deep Relevance Matching Model for Ad-hoc Retrieval . In CIKM 2016 . 55--64 . J. Guo, Y. Fan, Q. Ai, and W. B. Croft. 2016. A Deep Relevance Matching Model for Ad-hoc Retrieval. In CIKM 2016 . 55--64."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","first-page":"2042","article-title":"Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Matching Natural Language Sentences","volume":"2014","author":"Hu B.","year":"2014","unstructured":"B. Hu , Z. Lu , H. Li , and Q. Chen . 2014 . Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Matching Natural Language Sentences . In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2014. 2042 -- 2050 . B. Hu, Z. Lu, H. Li, and Q. Chen. 2014. Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Matching Natural Language Sentences. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2014. 2042--2050.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"volume-title":"CIKM 2013 . 2333--2338","author":"Huang P.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"P. Huang , X. He , J. Gao , L. Deng , A. Acero , and L. P. Heck . 2013. Learning deep structured semantic models for web search using clickthrough data . In CIKM 2013 . 2333--2338 . P. Huang, X. He, J. Gao, L. Deng, A. Acero, and L. P. Heck. 2013. Learning deep structured semantic models for web search using clickthrough data. In CIKM 2013 . 2333--2338."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"X. Li L. Vilnis D. Zhang M. Boratko and A. McCallum. 2019. Smoothing the Geometry of Probabilistic Box Embeddings. In ICLR .  X. Li L. Vilnis D. Zhang M. Boratko and A. McCallum. 2019. Smoothing the Geometry of Probabilistic Box Embeddings. In ICLR ."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval . 266--272","author":"Liu S.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"S. Liu , F. Liu , C. T. Yu , and W. Meng . 2004. An effective approach to document retrieval via utilizing WordNet and recognizing phrases . In Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval . 266--272 . S. Liu, F. Liu, C. T. Yu, and W. Meng. 2004. An effective approach to document retrieval via utilizing WordNet and recognizing phrases. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval . 266--272."},{"volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26: 27th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2013 . 1367--1375","author":"Lu X.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"X. Lu and H. Li . 2013. A Deep Architecture for Matching Short Texts . In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26: 27th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2013 . 1367--1375 . X. Lu and H. Li. 2013. A Deep Architecture for Matching Short Texts. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26: 27th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2013 . 1367--1375."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACL-2000 Workshop on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval (RANLPIR '00)","volume":"11","author":"Mihalcea R.","unstructured":"R. Mihalcea and D. Moldovan . 2000. Semantic Indexing Using WordNet Senses . In Proceedings of the ACL-2000 Workshop on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval (RANLPIR '00) , Vol. 11 . Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 35--45. R. Mihalcea and D. Moldovan. 2000. Semantic Indexing Using WordNet Senses. In Proceedings of the ACL-2000 Workshop on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval (RANLPIR '00), Vol. 11. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 35--45."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"T. Mikolov I. Sutskever K. Chen G. S. Corrado and J. Dean. 2013. Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Curran Associates Inc. 3111--3119.  T. Mikolov I. Sutskever K. Chen G. S. Corrado and J. Dean. 2013. Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Curran Associates Inc. 3111--3119."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"B. Muzellec and M. Cuturi. 2018. Generalizing Point Embeddings using the Wasserstein Space of Elliptical Distributions. In NeurIPS 2018. 10258--10269.  B. Muzellec and M. Cuturi. 2018. Generalizing Point Embeddings using the Wasserstein Space of Elliptical Distributions. In NeurIPS 2018. 10258--10269."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"WordNet-Based Information Retrieval Using Common Hypernyms and Combined Features. CoRR","author":"Ngo V. M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"V. M. Ngo , T. H. Cao , and T. M. V. Le . 2018. WordNet-Based Information Retrieval Using Common Hypernyms and Combined Features. CoRR , Vol. abs\/ 1807 .05574 ( 2018 ). V. M. Ngo, T. H. Cao, and T. M. V. Le. 2018. WordNet-Based Information Retrieval Using Common Hypernyms and Combined Features. CoRR , Vol. abs\/1807.05574 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"L. Pang Y. Lan J. Guo J. Xu and X. Cheng. 2016a. A Study of MatchPyramid Models on Ad-hoc Retrieval. CoRR Vol. abs\/1606.04648 (2016).  L. Pang Y. Lan J. Guo J. Xu and X. Cheng. 2016a. A Study of MatchPyramid Models on Ad-hoc Retrieval. CoRR Vol. abs\/1606.04648 (2016)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2793--2799","author":"Pang L.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"L. Pang , Y. Lan , J. Guo , J. Xu , S. Wan , and X. Cheng . 2016b. Text Matching as Image Recognition . In Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2793--2799 . L. Pang, Y. Lan, J. Guo, J. Xu, S. Wan, and X. Cheng. 2016b. Text Matching as Image Recognition. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2793--2799."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Scalable Information Systems. 1.","author":"Pass G.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"G. Pass , A. Chowdhury , and C. Torgeson . 2006. A picture of search . In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Scalable Information Systems. 1. G. Pass, A. Chowdhury, and C. Torgeson. 2006. A picture of search. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Scalable Information Systems. 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Pennington R. Socher and C. D. Manning. 2014. GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation. In EMNLP. 1532--1543.  J. Pennington R. Socher and C. D. Manning. 2014. GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation. In EMNLP. 1532--1543.","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130348.3130368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"ACL 2015","volume":"1","author":"S.","year":"1803","unstructured":"Rothe S. and H. Sch\u00fc tze. 2015. AutoExtend: Extending Word Embeddings to Embeddings for Synsets and Lexemes . In ACL 2015 , Vol. 1 . 1793-- 1803 . Rothe S. and H. Sch\u00fc tze. 2015. AutoExtend: Extending Word Embeddings to Embeddings for Synsets and Lexemes. In ACL 2015 , Vol. 1. 1793--1803."},{"volume-title":"WordNet Embeddings. In Proceedings of The Third Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP: Rep4NLP@ACL. 122--131","author":"Saedi C.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"C. Saedi , A. Branco , J. A. Rodrigues , and J. Silva . 2018 . WordNet Embeddings. In Proceedings of The Third Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP: Rep4NLP@ACL. 122--131 . C. Saedi, A. Branco, J. A. Rodrigues, and J. Silva. 2018. WordNet Embeddings. In Proceedings of The Third Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP: Rep4NLP@ACL. 122--131."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Neural vector spaces for unsupervised information retrieval","volume":"36","author":"Van Gysel C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"C. Van Gysel , M. De Rijke , and E. Kanoulas . 2018 . Neural vector spaces for unsupervised information retrieval . TOIS , Vol. 36 , 4 (2018), 38 . C. Van Gysel, M. De Rijke, and E. Kanoulas. 2018. Neural vector spaces for unsupervised information retrieval. TOIS , Vol. 36, 4 (2018), 38.","journal-title":"TOIS"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management (WIDM '05)","author":"Varelas G.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"G. Varelas , E. Voutsakis , P. Raftopoulou , E. G. M. Petrakis , and E. E. Milios . 2005. Semantic Similarity Methods in wordNet and Their Application to Information Retrieval on the Web . In Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management (WIDM '05) . ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10--16. G. Varelas, E. Voutsakis, P. Raftopoulou, E. G. M. Petrakis, and E. E. Milios. 2005. Semantic Similarity Methods in wordNet and Their Application to Information Retrieval on the Web. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management (WIDM '05). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10--16."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"L. Vilnis and A. McCallum. 2015. Word Representations via Gaussian Embedding. In ICLR .  L. Vilnis and A. McCallum. 2015. Word Representations via Gaussian Embedding. In ICLR ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/188490.188508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Overview of the TREC 2004 Robust Track. In TREC 2004 .","author":"Voorhees E. M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"E. M. Voorhees . 2004 . Overview of the TREC 2004 Robust Track. In TREC 2004 . E. M. Voorhees. 2004. Overview of the TREC 2004 Robust Track. In TREC 2004 ."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of ACL (ACL '94)","author":"Wu Z.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Z. Wu and M. Palmer . 1994. Verbs Semantics and Lexical Selection . In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of ACL (ACL '94) . ACL, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 133--138. Z. Wu and M. Palmer. 1994. Verbs Semantics and Lexical Selection. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of ACL (ACL '94). ACL, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 133--138."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Z. Yang Z. Dai Y. Yang J. Carbonell R. Salakhutdinov and Q. V. Le. 2019. XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding.  Z. Yang Z. Dai Y. Yang J. Carbonell R. Salakhutdinov and Q. V. Le. 2019. XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval . 505--514","author":"Zamani H.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"H. Zamani and W. B. Croft . 2017. Relevance-based Word Embedding . In Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval . 505--514 . H. Zamani and W. B. Croft. 2017. Relevance-based Word Embedding. In Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval . 505--514."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"CIKM","author":"Zamani H.","year":"2018","unstructured":"H. Zamani , M. Dehghani , W. B. Croft , E. G. Learned-Miller , and J. Kamps . 2018. From Neural Re-Ranking to Neural Ranking: Learning a Sparse Representation for Inverted Indexing . In CIKM 2018 . 497--506. H. Zamani, M. Dehghani, W. B. Croft, E. G. Learned-Miller, and J. Kamps. 2018. From Neural Re-Ranking to Neural Ranking: Learning a Sparse Representation for Inverted Indexing. In CIKM 2018. 497--506."}],"event":{"name":"ICTIR '19: The 2019 ACM SIGIR International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval","sponsor":["SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"],"location":"Santa Clara CA USA","acronym":"ICTIR '19"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3341981.3344217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3341981.3344217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:43:24Z","timestamp":1750207404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3341981.3344217"}},"subtitle":["A Promising Model That Does Not Work as Expected (For Now)"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3341981.3344217","10.1145\/3341981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3341981.3344217","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}