{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:48:40Z","timestamp":1778708920952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GetMobile: Mobile Comp. and Comm."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Deploying LTE networks on modern UAVs requires a redesign of the key components of the LTE architecture. In this article, we propose a radical, edge-EPC design, called SkyCore, that pushes one of its central functionalities, namely its evolved packet core (EPC) to the extreme edge of the LTE network - collapses the EPC into a single, lightweight, selfcontained entity that is co-located with each of the UAV base-stations. SkyCore incorporates elements that are designed to address the unique challenges facing such a distributed design in the UAV environment, namely the resource-constrained nature of UAV platforms, and the distributed management of UAV and user mobility. We build and deploy a fully functional SkyCore system on a multi-UAV LTE network and showcase its (i) ability to interoperate with commercial LTE basestations as well as smartphones, (ii) support for both hotspot and standalone multi-UAV deployments, and (iii) robust control and data plane performance compared to other EPC variants in this inherently dynamic, unreliable environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3351422.3351431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T12:34:33Z","timestamp":1564058073000},"page":"24-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Skycore"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Moradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Sundaresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEC Labs America, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEC Labs America, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sampath","family":"Rangarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEC Labs America, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z. Morley","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proc. arxiv:1802","author":"Sundaresan K.","year":"2018","unstructured":"K. Sundaresan , E. Chai , A. Chakraborty , and S. Rangarajan , \" SkyLiTE: End-to-end design of low-altitude UAV networks for providing LTE connectivity \", In Proc. arxiv:1802 .06042, Feb. 2018 .\" K. Sundaresan, E. Chai, A. Chakraborty, and S. Rangarajan, \"SkyLiTE: End-to-end design of low-altitude UAV networks for providing LTE connectivity\", In Proc. arxiv:1802.06042, Feb. 2018.\""},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3281411.3281437"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Drones Can Provide Cell Phone Service. http:\/\/www.uavexpertnews.com\/2018\/04\/ drones-can-provide-cell-phone-service\/  Drones Can Provide Cell Phone Service. http:\/\/www.uavexpertnews.com\/2018\/04\/ drones-can-provide-cell-phone-service\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Verizon Continues Tests Using Drones. https:\/\/www.ecnmag.com\/news\/2017\/04\/verizoncontinues- tests-using-drones-lte-coverage  Verizon Continues Tests Using Drones. https:\/\/www.ecnmag.com\/news\/2017\/04\/verizoncontinues- tests-using-drones-lte-coverage"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Amazon Patents Fulfillment Center Towers to Increase Drone Delivery Efficiency. https:\/\/www. thedrive.com\/aerial\/11865\/amazon-patentsfulfillment- center-towers-to-increase-dronedelivery- efficiency  Amazon Patents Fulfillment Center Towers to Increase Drone Delivery Efficiency. https:\/\/www. thedrive.com\/aerial\/11865\/amazon-patentsfulfillment- center-towers-to-increase-dronedelivery- efficiency"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"M-Cord: Mobile Cord. https:\/\/opencord.org  M-Cord: Mobile Cord. https:\/\/opencord.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2716281.2836104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"IEEE LANMAN","author":"Rajan A. 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