{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:16:24Z","timestamp":1778854584706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>3D mesh models created by human users and shared through online platforms and datasets flourish recently. While the creators generally have spent large efforts in modeling the visually appealing shapes with both large scale structures and intricate details, a majority of the meshes are unfortunately flawed in terms of having duplicate faces, mis-oriented regions, disconnected patches, etc., due to multiple factors involving both human errors and software inconsistencies. All these artifacts have severely limited the possible low-level and high-level processing tasks that can be applied to the rich datasets. In this work, we present a novel approach to fix these man-made meshes such that the outputs are guaranteed to be oriented manifold meshes that preserve the original structures, big and small, as much as possible. Our key observation is that the models all visually look meaningful, which leads to our strategy of repairing the flaws while always preserving the visual quality. We apply local refinements and removals only where necessary to achieve minimal intrusion of the original meshes, and global adjustments through robust optimization to ensure the outputs are valid manifold meshes with optimal connections. We test the approach on large-scale 3D datasets, and obtain quality meshes that are more readily usable for further geometry processing tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3355089.3356507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T20:27:58Z","timestamp":1573244878000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Repairing man-made meshes via visual driven global optimization with minimum intrusion"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong and Microsoft Research Asia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"2018. 3D Warehouse. https:\/\/3dwarehouse.sketchup.com. Accessed: 2018-12-14."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"MOSEK ApS. 2018. The MOSEK Optimizer API for C. https:\/\/docs.mosek.com\/8.1\/capi\/api-reference.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-010-0416-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gmod.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"As-exact-as-possible repair of unprintable STL files. Rapid Prototyping Journal (05","author":"Attene Marco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marco Attene. 2016. As-exact-as-possible repair of unprintable STL files. Rapid Prototyping Journal (05 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"LNCS on Transactions on Computational Science","author":"Attene Marco","unstructured":"Marco Attene. 2017. ImatiSTL - Fast and Reliable Mesh Processing with a Hybrid Kernel. In LNCS on Transactions on Computational Science. Springer, 86--96."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Article 15 (March","author":"Attene Marco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marco Attene, Marcel Campen, and Leif Kobbelt. 2013. Polygon Mesh Repairing: An Application Perspective. ACM Comput. Surv. 45, 2, Article 15 (March 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2462027"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"CGAL. 2018. CGAL Computational Geometry Algorithms Library. https:\/\/www.cgal.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repository. CoRR abs\/1512.03012","author":"Chang Angel X.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angel X. Chang, Thomas A. Funkhouser, Leonidas J. Guibas, Pat Hanrahan, Qi-Xing Huang, Zimo Li, Silvio Savarese, Manolis Savva, Shuran Song, Hao Su, Jianxiong Xiao, Li Yi, and Fisher Yu. 2015. ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repository. CoRR abs\/1512.03012 (2015). arXiv:1512.03012 http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1512.03012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237269"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Computational Topology: An Introduction","author":"Edelsbrunner H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"H. Edelsbrunner and J. Harer. 2010. Computational Topology: An Introduction. American Mathematical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","article-title":"Anisotropic Simplicial Meshing Using Local Convex Functions","volume":"33","author":"Fu Xiao-Ming","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao-Ming Fu, Yang Liu, John Snyder, and Baining Guo. 2014. Anisotropic Simplicial Meshing Using Local Convex Functions. ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA) 33, 6, Article 182 (Nov. 2014), 11 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryo Furukawa Tomoya Itano Akihiko Morisaka and Hiroshi Kawasaki. 2007. Improved Space Carving Method for Merging and Interpolating Multiple Range Images Using Information of Light Sources of Active Stereo. In ACCV. 206--216.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76390-1_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Surface Simplification Using Quadric Error Metrics. In SIGGRAPH '97","author":"Garland Michael","unstructured":"Michael Garland and Paul S. Heckbert. 1997. Surface Simplification Using Quadric Error Metrics. In SIGGRAPH '97. 209--216."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360694"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.928166"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Progressive Meshes. In SIGGRAPH '96","author":"Hoppe Hugues","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hugues Hoppe. 1996. Progressive Meshes. In SIGGRAPH '96. ACM, 99--108."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","unstructured":"Alexander Hornung and Leif Kobbelt. 2006. Robust Reconstruction of Watertight 3D Models from Non-uniformly Sampled Point Clouds Without Normal Information. In SGP."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201353"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2535596"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073644"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461916"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alec Jacobson Daniele Panozzo et al. 2018. libigl: A simple C++ geometry processing library. http:\/\/libigl.github.io\/libigl\/.","DOI":"10.1145\/3134472.3134497"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015815"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-009-9206-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487228.2487237"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.1262177"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201348"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/353981.353995"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"Paparazzi: Surface Editing by way of Multi-View Image Processing. ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA)","author":"Derek Liu Hsueh-Ti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsueh-Ti Derek Liu, Michael Tao, and Alec Jacobson. 2018. Paparazzi: Surface Editing by way of Multi-View Image Processing. ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA) (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073616"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2015.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","unstructured":"Kaichun Mo Shilin Zhu Angel Chang Li Yi Subarna Tripathi Leonidas Guibas and Hao Su. 2019. PartNet: A Large-scale Benchmark for Fine-grained and Hierarchical Part-level 3D Object Understanding. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics. 155--162","author":"Murali T. M.","unstructured":"T. M. Murali and Thomas A. Funkhouser. 1997. Consistent Solid and Boundary Representations from Arbitrary Polygonal Data. In 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics. 155--162."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2003.1196006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","article-title":"PhotoShape: Photorealistic Materials for Large-Scale Shape Collections","volume":"37","author":"Park Keunhong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keunhong Park, Konstantinos Rematas, Ali Farhadi, and Steven Mm Seitz. 2018. PhotoShape: Photorealistic Materials for Large-Scale Shape Collections. ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA) 37, 6, Article 192 (Nov. 2018).","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","article-title":"Multi-directional Geodesic Neural Networks via Equivariant Convolution","volume":"37","author":"Poulenard Adrien","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adrien Poulenard and Maks Ovsjanikov. 2018. Multi-directional Geodesic Neural Networks via Equivariant Convolution. ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA) 37, 6, Article 236 (Dec. 2018), 14 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (SIGGRAPH ASIA)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","unstructured":"Charles R Qi Li Yi Hao Su and Leonidas J Guibas. 2017. PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Space. In NIPS."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/304012.304016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"Large-Scale Integer Linear Programming for Orientation Preserving 3D Shape Matching. Computer Graphics Forum","author":"Windheuser Thomas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomas Windheuser, Ulrich Schlickewei, Frank R. Schmidt, and Daniel Cremers. 2011. Large-Scale Integer Linear Programming for Orientation Preserving 3D Shape Matching. Computer Graphics Forum (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhirong Wu S. Song A. Khosla Fisher Yu Linguang Zhang Xiaoou Tang and J. Xiao. 2015. 3D ShapeNets: A deep representation for volumetric shapes. In IEEE CVPR.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298801"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"Visibility-guided Simplification. In Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization '02 (VIS '02)","author":"Zhang Eugene","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eugene Zhang and Greg Turk. 2002. Visibility-guided Simplification. In Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization '02 (VIS '02). IEEE Computer Society, 8."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925901"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","first-page":"3D","article-title":"Thingi10K","volume":"10","author":"Zhou Qingnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qingnan Zhou and Alec Jacobson. 2016. Thingi10K: A Dataset of 10, 000 3D-Printing Models. CoRR abs\/1605.04797 (2016). arXiv:1605.04797 http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1605.04797","journal-title":"A Dataset of"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766976"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3355089.3356507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3355089.3356507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:44:41Z","timestamp":1750203881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3355089.3356507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3355089.3356507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3355089.3356507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}