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Existing frameworks (i.e., bag of words or Fisher vectors) are specifically designed to aggregate vector-valued features such as SIFT descriptors. In this article, we propose a technique to aggregate local descriptors in the form of covariance descriptors (CovDs) into a rich descriptor, which in essence benefit from the second-order statistics along the coding pipeline. The difficulty in aggregating CovDs arises from the fact that CovDs lie on the Riemannian manifold of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices. Therefore, the aggregating scheme must take advantage of metrics and the geometry of the SPD manifolds. In our proposal, we make use of the Stein divergence and Nystr\u00f6m method to embed the SPD manifold into a Hilbert space. We compare our proposal, dubbed CovLets, against state-of-the-art methods on several image and video classification problems including facial expression recognition and action recognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3357525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T07:01:36Z","timestamp":1588575696000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["CovLets"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhaoxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changyong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanzhi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taizhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team\/Coordination Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junkai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10578-9_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Fahad Shahbaz Khan, and Michael Felsberg","author":"Danelljan Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin Danelljan , Goutam Bhat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan, and Michael Felsberg . 2018 . 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