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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Modern hard real-time systems evolved from isolated single-core architectures to complex multi-core architectures which are often connected in a distributed manner. With the increasing influence of interconnections in hard real-time systems, the access behavior to shared resources of single tasks or cores becomes a crucial factor for the system\u2019s overall worst-case timing properties. Traffic shaping is a powerful technique to decrease contention in a network and deliver guarantees on network streams. In this paper we present a novel approach to automatically integrate a traffic shaping behavior into the code of a program for different traffic shaping profiles while being as least invasive as possible. As this approach is solely depending on modifying programs on a code-level, it does not rely on any additional hardware or operating system-based functions.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We show how different traffic shaping profiles can be implemented into programs using a greedy heuristic and an evolutionary algorithm, as well as their influences on the modified programs. It is demonstrated that the presented approaches can be used to decrease worst-case execution times in multi-core systems and lower buffer requirements in distributed systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3358215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T13:13:05Z","timestamp":1570713185000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Code-Inherent Traffic Shaping for Hard Real-Time Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5974-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Oehlert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3325-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma","family":"Saidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1196-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association. 2013. 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