{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T18:25:22Z","timestamp":1776104722014,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>to create an integrated space. We consider an MR configuration in which collocated collaborators work around a tabletop display, while remote collaborators wear an HMD to interact with a connected virtual environment that gives a 3D perspective, and consider the impact of varying degrees of view congruence with their collaborators. In a within-subjects study with 18 groups of 3, groups completed task scenarios involving 3D object manipulation around a physical-virtual mapped tabletop. We compare a synchronized Tabletop display baseline and two MR conditions with different levels of view congruence: Fishtank and Hover. Fishtank has a high degree of congruence as it shares a top-down perspective of the 3D objects with the tabletop collaborators. The Hover condition has less view congruence since 3D content hovers front of the remote collaborator above the table. The MR conditions yielded higher self-reported awareness and co-presence than the Tabletop condition for both collocated and remote participants. Remote collaborators significantly preferred the MR conditions for manipulating shared 3D models and communicating with their collaborators. Our findings illustrate strengths and weaknesses of both MR techniques but show that more participants preferred the less-congruent Hover condition overall. Reasons include that it facilitated interaction and viewing 3D objects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3359207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:40:21Z","timestamp":1573220421000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["MP Remix"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Salimian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University, halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Reliability of self-reported awareness measures based on eye tracking","volume":"5","author":"Albert William","year":"2005","unstructured":"William Albert and Donna Tedesco . 2005 . Reliability of self-reported awareness measures based on eye tracking . Journal of Usability Studies 5 , 2 (2005), 50 -- 64 . https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2835432 William Albert and Donna Tedesco. 2005. Reliability of self-reported awareness measures based on eye tracking. Journal of Usability Studies 5, 2 (2005), 50--64. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2835432","journal-title":"Journal of Usability Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.15.6.699"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Heuristic Evaluation of Groupware Based on the Mechanics of Collaboration. (may","author":"Baker Kevin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kevin Baker , Saul Greenberg , and Carl Gutwin . 2001. Heuristic Evaluation of Groupware Based on the Mechanics of Collaboration. (may 2001 ), 123--140. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=645350.650731 Kevin Baker, Saul Greenberg, and Carl Gutwin. 2001. Heuristic Evaluation of Groupware Based on the Mechanics of Collaboration. (may 2001), 123--140. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=645350.650731"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/292834.292836"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/151233.151235"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031607.1031666"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"CHI '03","author":"Brown Barry","unstructured":"Barry Brown , Ian MacColl , Matthew Chalmers , Areti Galani , Cliff Randell , and Anthony Steed . 2003. Lessons from the lighthouse: collaboration in a shared mixed reality system . In CHI '03 . ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 577 -- 584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/642611.642711 10.1145\/642611.642711 Barry Brown, Ian MacColl, Matthew Chalmers, Areti Galani, Cliff Randell, and Anthony Steed. 2003. Lessons from the lighthouse: collaboration in a shared mixed reality system. In CHI '03. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 577 -- 584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/642611.642711"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"K. Christiansen N. Maglaughlin. 2003. Crossing from Physical Workplace to Virtual Workspace: Be AWARE! Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Crete Greece 1128--1132.  K. Christiansen N. Maglaughlin. 2003. Crossing from Physical Workplace to Virtual Workspace: Be AWARE! Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Crete Greece 1128--1132."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Using language","author":"Clark HH","unstructured":"HH Herbert H. Clark . 1996. Using language . Cambridge university press . 432 pages. HH Herbert H. Clark. 1996. Using language. Cambridge university press. 432 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"ICAT - EGVE '15","author":"Claude Guillaume","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guillaume Claude , Val\u00e9rie Gouranton , and Bruno Arnaldi . 2015 . Roles in collaborative virtual environments for training . In ICAT - EGVE '15 . Eurographics Association, 77--84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/egve. 20151313 10.2312\/egve.20151313 Guillaume Claude, Val\u00e9rie Gouranton, and Bruno Arnaldi. 2015. Roles in collaborative virtual environments for training. In ICAT - EGVE '15. Eurographics Association, 77--84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/egve.20151313"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","first-page":"081","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments","author":"Trevor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trevor J. Dodds and Roy A. Ruddle. 2008. Using teleporting, awareness and multiple views to improve teamwork in collaborative virtual environments . Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments ( 2008 ), 81--88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/egve\/egve08\/ 081 - 088 10.2312\/egve Trevor J. Dodds and Roy A. Ruddle. 2008. Using teleporting, awareness and multiple views to improve teamwork in collaborative virtual environments. Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments (2008), 81--88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/egve\/egve08\/081-088"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/143457.143468"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"CHI '92","author":"Dourish Paul","unstructured":"Paul Dourish and Sara Bly . 1992. Portholes: supporting awareness in a distributed work group . In CHI '92 . ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 541--547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/142750.142982 10.1145\/142750.142982 Paul Dourish and Sara Bly. 1992. Portholes: supporting awareness in a distributed work group. In CHI '92. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 541--547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/142750.142982"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work - CSCW '96. ACM Press","author":"Keith Edwards W.","unstructured":"W. Keith Edwards and W. Keith . 1996. Policies and roles in collaborative applications . In Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work - CSCW '96. ACM Press , New York, New York, USA, 11--20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/240080.240175 10.1145\/240080.240175 W. Keith Edwards and W. Keith. 1996. Policies and roles in collaborative applications. In Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work - CSCW '96. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 11--20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/240080.240175"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '03","author":"Fussell Susan R.","unstructured":"Susan R. Fussell , Leslie D. Setlock , and Robert E. Kraut . 2003. Effects of head-mounted and scene-oriented video systems on remote collaboration on physical tasks . In Proceedings of the conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '03 . ACM Press, 513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/642611.642701 10.1145\/642611.642701 Susan R. Fussell, Leslie D. Setlock, and Robert E. Kraut. 2003. Effects of head-mounted and scene-oriented video systems on remote collaboration on physical tasks. In Proceedings of the conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '03. ACM Press, 513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/642611.642701"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018699900499"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/257089.257284"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583)","volume":"6","author":"Zhu Haibin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haibin Zhu . [n.d.]. From WYSIWIS to WISINWIS: role-based collaboration . In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583) , Vol. 6 . IEEE, 5441--5446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSMC. 2004 . 1401059 10.1109\/ICSMC.2004 Haibin Zhu. [n.d.]. From WYSIWIS to WISINWIS: role-based collaboration. In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), Vol. 6. IEEE, 5441--5446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSMC.2004. 1401059"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1731903.1731930"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Spatiality in videoconferencing:tradeoffs between efficiency and social presence","author":"Hauber J\u00f6rg","year":"1808","unstructured":"J\u00f6rg Hauber , Holger Regenbrecht , Mark Billinghurst , and Andy Cockburn . 2006. Spatiality in videoconferencing:tradeoffs between efficiency and social presence . In CSCW. ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 413--422. https: \/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1 1808 75.1180937 10.1145\/1180875.1180937 J\u00f6rg Hauber, Holger Regenbrecht, Mark Billinghurst, and Andy Cockburn. 2006. Spatiality in videoconferencing:tradeoffs between efficiency and social presence. In CSCW. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 413--422. https: \/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1180875.1180937"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874107X01206010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1242029.1242031"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"ITS '14","author":"Hu Gang","unstructured":"Gang Hu , Derek Reilly , Mohammed Alnusayri , Ben Swinden , and Qigang Gao . 2014. DT-DT: Top-down Human Activity Analysis for Interactive Surface Applications . In ITS '14 . ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 167--176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2669485.2669501 10.1145\/2669485.2669501 Gang Hu, Derek Reilly, Mohammed Alnusayri, Ben Swinden, and Qigang Gao. 2014. DT-DT: Top-down Human Activity Analysis for Interactive Surface Applications. In ITS '14. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 167--176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2669485.2669501"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","volume-title":", and Inkpen","author":"Hunter P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"P. Hunter , S., Maes and K. Tang , A. , and Inkpen . 2014 . WaaZam! Supporting Creative Play at a Distance in Customized Video Environments.. In SIGCHI. ACM Press , New York, New York, USA, 1197--1206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2556288. 2557382 10.1145\/2556288 P. Hunter, S., Maes and K. Tang, A., and Inkpen. 2014. WaaZam! Supporting Creative Play at a Distance in Customized Video Environments.. In SIGCHI. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1197--1206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2556288. 2557382"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '90. ACM Press","author":"Ishii H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"H. Ishii . 1990 . Team Work Station: towards a seamless shared workspace . In Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '90. ACM Press , New York, New York, USA, 13--26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 1145\/99332.99337 H. Ishii. 1990. Team Work Station: towards a seamless shared workspace. In Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '90. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 13--26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 1145\/99332.99337"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"ClearBoard: A Seamless Medium for Shared Drawing and Conversation with Eye Contact","author":"Ishii Hiroshi","unstructured":"Hiroshi Ishii and Minoru Kobayashi . 1992. ClearBoard: A Seamless Medium for Shared Drawing and Conversation with Eye Contact . In SIGCHI. ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 525--532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/142750.142977 10.1145\/142750.142977 Hiroshi Ishii and Minoru Kobayashi. 1992. ClearBoard: A Seamless Medium for Shared Drawing and Conversation with Eye Contact. In SIGCHI. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 525--532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/142750.142977"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-007-9027-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work. Distributed work","author":"Kraut RE","year":"2002","unstructured":"RE Kraut , SR Fussell , SE Brennan , and J Siegel . 2002. Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work. Distributed work ( 2002 ), 137--162. RE Kraut, SR Fussell, SE Brennan, and J Siegel. 2002. Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work. Distributed work (2002), 137--162."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Visual information as a conversational resource in collaborative physical tasks. Human-computer interaction","author":"Kraut RE","year":"2003","unstructured":"RE Kraut , SR Fussell , and J Siegel . 2003. Visual information as a conversational resource in collaborative physical tasks. Human-computer interaction ( 2003 ), 13--49. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1466532 RE Kraut, SR Fussell, and J Siegel. 2003. Visual information as a conversational resource in collaborative physical tasks. Human-computer interaction (2003), 13--49. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1466532"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3116595.3116609"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3139131.3139156"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Courses on - SIGGRAPH '11. ACM Press","author":"Joseph","year":"2037","unstructured":"Joseph J. LaViola and Daniel F. Keefe. 2011. 3D spatial interaction: applications for art, design, and science . In ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Courses on - SIGGRAPH '11. ACM Press , New York, New York, USA, 1--75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/ 2037 636.2037637 Joseph J. LaViola and Daniel F. Keefe. 2011. 3D spatial interaction: applications for art, design, and science. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Courses on - SIGGRAPH '11. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1--75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/ 2037636.2037637"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Lazarinis. 2010. Developing and Utilizing E-learning Applications.  F Lazarinis. 2010. Developing and Utilizing E-learning Applications.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61692-791-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"VRST '17","author":"Le Khanh-Duy","unstructured":"Khanh-Duy Le , Morten Fjeld , Ali Alavi , and Andreas Kunz . 2017. Immersive environment for distributed creative collaboration . In VRST '17 . ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 1--4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3139131.3139163 10.1145\/3139131.3139163 Khanh-Duy Le, Morten Fjeld, Ali Alavi, and Andreas Kunz. 2017. Immersive environment for distributed creative collaboration. In VRST '17. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1--4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3139131.3139163"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2009.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"ACM","volume":"37","author":"Liu Yong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yong Liu , Otto J. Anshus , Phuong H. Ha , Tore Larsen , and John Markus Bjorndalen . 2008 . MultiStream: A Cross- Platform Display Sharing System Using Multiple Video Streams. In Distributed Computing Systems. IEEE, 90--95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDCS.Workshops.2008.16 J . ACM , Vol. 37 , No. 4, Article 111. Publication date : August 2019. Immersed and Integral: Relaxing View Congruence for Mixed Presence Collaboration With 3D Content 111:21 10.1109\/ICDCS.Workshops.2008.16 Yong Liu, Otto J. Anshus, Phuong H. Ha, Tore Larsen, and John Markus Bjorndalen. 2008. MultiStream: A Cross- Platform Display Sharing System Using Multiple Video Streams. In Distributed Computing Systems. IEEE, 90--95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDCS.Workshops.2008.16 J. ACM, Vol. 37, No. 4, Article 111. Publication date: August 2019. Immersed and Integral: Relaxing View Congruence for Mixed Presence Collaboration With 3D Content 111:21"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Particle-based labeling: Fast point-feature labeling without obscuring other visual features","author":"Luboschik Martin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin Luboschik , Heidrun Schumann , and Hilko Cords . 2008. Particle-based labeling: Fast point-feature labeling without obscuring other visual features . IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 14, 6 (jan 2008 ), 1237--1244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2008.152 10.1109\/TVCG.2008.152 Martin Luboschik, Heidrun Schumann, and Hilko Cords. 2008. Particle-based labeling: Fast point-feature labeling without obscuring other visual features. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 14, 6 (jan 2008), 1237--1244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2008.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-015-9235-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT","author":"Lyons Kent","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kent Lyons , Trevor Pering , Barbara Rosario , Shivani Sud , and Roy Want . 2009. Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT 2009 . Springer Berlin Heidelberg , Berlin, Heidelberg , Chapter Multi-disp, 758--771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 1007\/978--3--642-03655--2_83 Kent Lyons, Trevor Pering, Barbara Rosario, Shivani Sud, and Roy Want. 2009. Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT 2009. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, Chapter Multi-disp, 758--771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 1007\/978--3--642-03655--2_83"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods","author":"MacMillan Jean","year":"2034","unstructured":"Jean MacMillan , Michael Paley , Eileen Entin , and Elliot Entin . 2004. Questionnaires for Distributed Assessment of Team Mutual Awareness . In Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods . CRC Press , 51--1--51--9. https: \/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9780 2034 89925.ch51 10.1201\/9780203489925.ch51 Jean MacMillan, Michael Paley, Eileen Entin, and Elliot Entin. 2004. Questionnaires for Distributed Assessment of Team Mutual Awareness. In Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods. CRC Press, 51--1--51--9. https: \/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9780203489925.ch51"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","volume-title":"Mackay Wendy, and Wendy Mackay.","author":"Markopoulos Panos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Panos Markopoulos , Boris De Ruyter , Mackay Wendy, and Wendy Mackay. 2009 . Awareness Systems : Advances in Theory, Methodology and Design (1st ed.). Springer Publishing Company , Incorporated. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation. cfm?id=1608964 Panos Markopoulos, Boris De Ruyter, Mackay Wendy, and Wendy Mackay. 2009. Awareness Systems: Advances in Theory, Methodology and Design (1st ed.). Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation. cfm?id=1608964"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","volume-title":"OZCHI'07","author":"McEwan Gregor","unstructured":"Gregor McEwan , Markus Rittenbruch , and Tim Mansfield . 2007. Understanding awareness in mixed presence collaboration . In OZCHI'07 . ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 171--174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1324892.1324924 10.1145\/1324892.1324924 Gregor McEwan, Markus Rittenbruch, and Tim Mansfield. 2007. Understanding awareness in mixed presence collaboration. In OZCHI'07. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 171--174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1324892.1324924"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","unstructured":"Mine and Mark R. 1995. Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=897820  Mine and Mark R. 1995. Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=897820"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Nguyen and John Canny","author":"David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David T. Nguyen and John Canny . 2009 . More than face-to-face: empathy effects of video framing. In CHI 09. ACM Press , New York, New York, USA, 423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1518701.1518770 10.1145\/1518701.1518770 David T. Nguyen and John Canny. 2009. More than face-to-face: empathy effects of video framing. In CHI 09. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1518701.1518770"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1142405.1142439"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-010-9222-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1959022.1959025"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2503713.2503732"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/351006.351015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-007-0145-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology - VRST '02","author":"Pinho M\u00e1rcio S.","unstructured":"M\u00e1rcio S. Pinho , Doug A. Bowman , and Carla M.D.S. Freitas. 2002. Cooperative object manipulation in immersive virtual environments . In Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology - VRST '02 . ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 171--178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/585740.585769 10.1145\/585740.585769 M\u00e1rcio S. Pinho, Doug A. Bowman, and Carla M.D.S. Freitas. 2002. Cooperative object manipulation in immersive virtual environments. In Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology - VRST '02. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 171--178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/585740.585769"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Designing Viewpoint Awareness for 3D Collaborative Virtual Environment Focused on Real-Time Manipulation of Multiple Shared Objects","author":"Provenzano Luciana","unstructured":"Luciana Provenzano , Julie Delzons , Patricia Pl\u00e9nacoste , and Johann Vandromme . 2007. Designing Viewpoint Awareness for 3D Collaborative Virtual Environment Focused on Real-Time Manipulation of Multiple Shared Objects . In Virtual Reality, Randall Shumaker (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 4563 . Berlin , Heidelberg , 147--156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--540--73335--5 10.1007\/978--3--540--73335--5 Luciana Provenzano, Julie Delzons, Patricia Pl\u00e9nacoste, and Johann Vandromme. 2007. Designing Viewpoint Awareness for 3D Collaborative Virtual Environment Focused on Real-Time Manipulation of Multiple Shared Objects. In Virtual Reality, Randall Shumaker (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4563. Berlin, Heidelberg, 147--156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--540--73335--5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","unstructured":"Sam Redfern and Niall Naughton. 2013. Collaborative Virtual Environments to Support Communication and Community in Internet-Based Distance Education. (2013). https:\/\/aran.library.nuigalway.ie\/handle\/10379\/4076  Sam Redfern and Niall Naughton. 2013. Collaborative Virtual Environments to Support Communication and Community in Internet-Based Distance Education. (2013). https:\/\/aran.library.nuigalway.ie\/handle\/10379\/4076"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-006-0045-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","volume-title":"Jeremy Brudvik, and W. Keith Edwards.","author":"Reilly Derek F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Derek F. Reilly , Hafez Rouzati , Andy Wu , Jee Yeon Hwang , Jeremy Brudvik, and W. Keith Edwards. 2010 . TwinSpace: an infrastructure for cross-reality team spaces. In UIST '10. ACM Press , New York, New York, USA, 119--28. https: J. ACM, Vol. 37 , No. 4, Article 111. Publication date: August 2019. 111:22 Salimian et al. \/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1866029.1866050 10.1145\/1866029.1866050 Derek F. Reilly, Hafez Rouzati, Andy Wu, Jee Yeon Hwang, Jeremy Brudvik, and W. Keith Edwards. 2010. TwinSpace: an infrastructure for cross-reality team spaces. In UIST '10. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 119--28. https: J. ACM, Vol. 37, No. 4, Article 111. Publication date: August 2019. 111:22 Salimian et al. \/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1866029.1866050"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","volume-title":"Han","author":"Reisman Jason L.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jason L. Reisman , Philip L. Davidson , and Jefferson Y . Han . 2009 . A screen-space formulation for 2D and 3D direct manipulation. In UIST '09. ACM Press , New York, New York, USA, 69--78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1622176.1622190 10.1145\/1622176.1622190 Jason L. Reisman, Philip L. Davidson, and Jefferson Y. Han. 2009. A screen-space formulation for 2D and 3D direct manipulation. In UIST '09. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 69--78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1622176.1622190"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2005.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The Experience of Presence","volume":"10","author":"Schubert Thomas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomas Schubert , Frank Friedmann , and Holger Regenbrecht . 1998 . The Experience of Presence : Factor Analytic Insights. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 10 , 3 (jun 1998), 266--281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/ 105474601300343603 Thomas Schubert, Frank Friedmann, and Holger Regenbrecht. 1998. The Experience of Presence: Factor Analytic Insights. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 10, 3 (jun 1998), 266--281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/ 105474601300343603","journal-title":"Factor Analytic Insights. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CTS.2012.6261107"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","volume-title":"A Multiuser Shared Virtual Environment for Facility Management. Procedia Engineering 145 (jan","author":"Shi Yangming","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yangming Shi , Jing Du , Sarel Lavy , and Dong Zhao . 2016. A Multiuser Shared Virtual Environment for Facility Management. Procedia Engineering 145 (jan 2016 ), 120--127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PROENG.2016.04.029 10.1016\/J.PROENG.2016.04.029 Yangming Shi, Jing Du, Sarel Lavy, and Dong Zhao. 2016. A Multiuser Shared Virtual Environment for Facility Management. Procedia Engineering 145 (jan 2016), 120--127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PROENG.2016.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/289444.289494"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","volume-title":"A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE'95).","author":"Snowdon Dave","unstructured":"Dave Snowdon , Chris Greenhalgh , and Steve Benford . 1995. What you see is not what I see: subjectivity in virtual environments . In A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE'95). London . Dave Snowdon, Chris Greenhalgh, and Steve Benford. 1995. What you see is not what I see: subjectivity in virtual environments. In A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE'95). London."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/27636.28056"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753481"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-006-0048-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01409796"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface -","volume":"28","author":"Tang Anthony","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anthony Tang , Michael Boyle , and Saul Greenberg . 2004 . Display and presence disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware . Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28 28 (jan 2004), 73--82. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/ citation.cfm?id=976310.976320 Anthony Tang, Michael Boyle, and Saul Greenberg. 2004. Display and presence disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware. Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28 28 (jan 2004), 73--82. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/ citation.cfm?id=976310.976320"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","volume-title":"85--102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--84628--664--3_8","author":"Tang Anthony","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anthony Tang , Carman Neustaedter , and Saul Greenberg. 2006. VideoArms:Embodiments for Mixed Presence Group ware. People and Computers-Engage ( 2006 ), 85--102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--84628--664--3_8 10.1007\/978--1--84628--664--3_8 Anthony Tang, Carman Neustaedter, and Saul Greenberg. 2006. VideoArms:Embodiments for Mixed Presence Groupware. People and Computers-Engage (2006), 85--102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--84628--664--3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/123078.128729"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Understanding and Mitigating Display and Presence Disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware","volume":"37","author":"Tang Saul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saul Tang , Anthony; Boyle, Michael; Greenberg. 2005 . Understanding and Mitigating Display and Presence Disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware . Journal of Research & Practice in Information Technology 37 , 2 (2005), 193 -- 210 . Saul Tang, Anthony; Boyle, Michael; Greenberg. 2005. Understanding and Mitigating Display and Presence Disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware. Journal of Research & Practice in Information Technology 37, 2 (2005), 193--210.","journal-title":"Journal of Research & Practice in Information Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2559206.2574810"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303065"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.18.4.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474698565686"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","volume-title":"Abowd","author":"Yarosh Svetlana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Svetlana Yarosh , Anthony Tang , Sanika Mokashi , and Gregory D . Abowd . 2013 . \"almost touching\": parent-child remote communication using the sharetable system. In CSCW. ACM Press , New York , New York, USA, 181--192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2441776.2441798 10.1145\/2441776.2441798 Svetlana Yarosh, Anthony Tang, Sanika Mokashi, and Gregory D. Abowd. 2013. \"almost touching\": parent-child remote communication using the sharetable system. In CSCW. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 181--192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2441776.2441798"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3359207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3359207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:12:54Z","timestamp":1750201974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3359207"}},"subtitle":["Relaxed WYSIWIS Immersive Interfaces for Mixed Presence Collaboration With 3D Content"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3359207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3359207","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}