{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:32:50Z","timestamp":1762867970816,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2017R1C1B2002101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1C1B2002101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006465","name":"Korea Creative Content Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R2019020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2019020010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In film directing, a bias towards the representation of a particular gender can cause the audience to form a distorted stereotype of the gender role. The Bechdel test has been widely used to objectively judge the existence of such bias in films. However, because its analysis is based solely on the script of a film, the Bechdel test is incapable of considering the broad spectrum of bias that films can have as a visual medium. This study proposes a more comprehensive analysis system that quantifies the degree of bias in the visual representations of female and male characters in commercial films. By analyzing the image frames of a movie using the latest image analysis techniques, a total of 40 films were analyzed based on 8 quantitative indices. The result demonstrates that there exists a statistically significant difference in the visual representation of female and male characters. Specifically, female characters showed lower values in emotional diversity, spatial occupancy, and temporal occupancy compared to male characters in commercial films. Further, female characters were less likely to wear eyeglasses and also appeared more in static scenes, such as indoors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3359300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:40:21Z","timestamp":1573220421000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Quantification of Gender Representation Bias in Commercial Films based on Image Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ji Yoon","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Sangyoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Byungjoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/N15-1084"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2010.513468"},{"volume-title":"Media effects","author":"Bandura Albert","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Albert Bandura . 2009. Social cognitive theory of mass communication . In Media effects . Routledge , 110--140. Albert Bandura. 2009. Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In Media effects . Routledge, 110--140."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"The aging woman in popular film: Underrepresented, unattractive, unfriendly, and unintelligent. Sex roles","author":"Bazzini Doris G","year":"1997","unstructured":"Doris G Bazzini , William D McIntosh , Stephen M Smith , Sabrina Cook , and Caleigh Harris . 1997. The aging woman in popular film: Underrepresented, unattractive, unfriendly, and unintelligent. Sex roles , Vol. 36 , 7--8 ( 1997 ), 531--543. Doris G Bazzini, William D McIntosh, Stephen M Smith, Sabrina Cook, and Caleigh Harris. 1997. The aging woman in popular film: Underrepresented, unattractive, unfriendly, and unintelligent. Sex roles , Vol. 36, 7--8 (1997), 531--543."},{"volume-title":"Random data: analysis and measurement procedures","author":"Bendat Julius S","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Julius S Bendat and Allan G Piersol . 2011. Random data: analysis and measurement procedures . Vol. 729 . John Wiley & Sons . Julius S Bendat and Allan G Piersol. 2011. Random data: analysis and measurement procedures. Vol. 729. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Reena Bhavnani. 2007. Barriers to diversity in film: A research review .UK Film council.  Reena Bhavnani. 2007. Barriers to diversity in film: A research review .UK Film council."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Tolga Bolukbasi Kai-Wei Chang James Y Zou Venkatesh Saligrama and Adam T Kalai. 2016. Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embeddings. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 4349--4357.  Tolga Bolukbasi Kai-Wei Chang James Y Zou Venkatesh Saligrama and Adam T Kalai. 2016. Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embeddings. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 4349--4357."},{"volume-title":"International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences","author":"Bondebjerg Ib","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Ib Bondebjerg . 2015. Film: genres and genre theory . In International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences . Elsevier , 160--164. Ib Bondebjerg. 2015. Film: genres and genre theory. In International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier, 160--164."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. 77--91","author":"Buolamwini Joy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru . 2018 . Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification . In Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. 77--91 . Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru. 2018. Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. In Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. 77--91."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Centiles for adult head circumference. Archives of disease in childhood","author":"Bushby KM","year":"1992","unstructured":"KM Bushby , T Cole , JN Matthews , and JA Goodship . 1992. Centiles for adult head circumference. Archives of disease in childhood , Vol. 67 , 10 ( 1992 ), 1286--1287. KM Bushby, T Cole, JN Matthews, and JA Goodship. 1992. Centiles for adult head circumference. Archives of disease in childhood , Vol. 67, 10 (1992), 1286--1287."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological review","author":"Bussey Kay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kay Bussey and Albert Bandura . 1999. Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological review , Vol. 106 , 4 ( 1999 ), 676. Kay Bussey and Albert Bandura. 1999. Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological review , Vol. 106, 4 (1999), 676."},{"volume-title":"Women and media: A critical introduction","author":"Byerly Carolyn M","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Carolyn M Byerly and Karen Ross . 2008. Women and media: A critical introduction . John Wiley & Sons . Carolyn M Byerly and Karen Ross. 2008. Women and media: A critical introduction .John Wiley & Sons."},{"volume-title":"Women and journalism","author":"Chambers Deborah","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Deborah Chambers , Linda Steiner , and Carole Fleming . 2004. Women and journalism . Routledge . Deborah Chambers, Linda Steiner, and Carole Fleming. 2004. Women and journalism .Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.1997.11104698"},{"volume-title":"Relationship between head mass and circumference in human adults","author":"Ching Randal P","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Randal P Ching . 2007. Relationship between head mass and circumference in human adults . University of Washington. Technical Brief (2007) . Randal P Ching. 2007. Relationship between head mass and circumference in human adults. University of Washington. Technical Brief (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Netflix And YouTube Account For Over 50% Of Peak Fixed Network Data In North America. Forbes (Nov","author":"Chowdhry Amit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amit Chowdhry . 2013. Netflix And YouTube Account For Over 50% Of Peak Fixed Network Data In North America. Forbes (Nov 2013 ). https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/amitchowdhry\/2013\/11\/11\/netflix-and-youtube-accounts-for-over-50-of-peak-fixed-network-data-in-north-america\/#7ee5c9b127d6 Amit Chowdhry. 2013. Netflix And YouTube Account For Over 50% Of Peak Fixed Network Data In North America. Forbes (Nov 2013). https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/amitchowdhry\/2013\/11\/11\/netflix-and-youtube-accounts-for-over-50-of-peak-fixed-network-data-in-north-america\/#7ee5c9b127d6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9929-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1996.1575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.2.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354856516641620"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13970-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02732170290062658"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Masculinity as fact: A review of empirical mass communication research on masculinity. Men, masculinity and the media","author":"Fejes Fred J","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fred J Fejes . 1992. Masculinity as fact: A review of empirical mass communication research on masculinity. Men, masculinity and the media ( 1992 ), 9--22. Fred J Fejes. 1992. Masculinity as fact: A review of empirical mass communication research on masculinity. Men, masculinity and the media (1992), 9--22."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Google (Firm) & Gallup (Firm). 2015. Images of computer science: perceptions among students parents and educators in the US. (2015). Retrived from hrefhttps:\/\/goo.gl\/F3SSWHhttps:\/\/goo.gl\/F3SSWH.  Google (Firm) & Gallup (Firm). 2015. Images of computer science: perceptions among students parents and educators in the US. (2015). Retrived from hrefhttps:\/\/goo.gl\/F3SSWHhttps:\/\/goo.gl\/F3SSWH."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of women quarterly","author":"Fredrickson Barbara L","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barbara L Fredrickson and Tomi-Ann Roberts . 1997. Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of women quarterly , Vol. 21 , 2 ( 1997 ), 173--206. Barbara L Fredrickson and Tomi-Ann Roberts. 1997. Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of women quarterly , Vol. 21, 2 (1997), 173--206."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10646175.2012.641880"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02440.x"},{"volume-title":"Who Makes the News?: Global Media Monitoring Project 2005","author":"Gallagher Margaret","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Margaret Gallagher . 2006. Who Makes the News?: Global Media Monitoring Project 2005 . World Association for Christian Communication . Margaret Gallagher. 2006. Who Makes the News?: Global Media Monitoring Project 2005 .World Association for Christian Communication."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Women and Minorities in Television Drama","author":"Gerbner George","year":"1969","unstructured":"George Gerbner and Nancy Signorielli . 1979. Women and Minorities in Television Drama , 1969 --1978. (1979). George Gerbner and Nancy Signorielli. 1979. Women and Minorities in Television Drama, 1969--1978. (1979)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Justifying injustice: Broadcasters' accounts of inequality in radio. Discourse analytic research: Repertoires and readings of texts in action","author":"Gill Rosalind","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rosalind Gill . 1993. Justifying injustice: Broadcasters' accounts of inequality in radio. Discourse analytic research: Repertoires and readings of texts in action ( 1993 ), 75--93. Rosalind Gill. 1993. Justifying injustice: Broadcasters' accounts of inequality in radio. Discourse analytic research: Repertoires and readings of texts in action (1993), 75--93."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-011-9095-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Equal opportunity objectification? The sexualization of men and women on the cover of Rolling Stone. Sexuality & culture","author":"Hatton Erin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erin Hatton and Mary Nell Trautner . 2011. Equal opportunity objectification? The sexualization of men and women on the cover of Rolling Stone. Sexuality & culture , Vol. 15 , 3 ( 2011 ), 256--278. Erin Hatton and Mary Nell Trautner. 2011. Equal opportunity objectification? The sexualization of men and women on the cover of Rolling Stone. Sexuality & culture , Vol. 15, 3 (2011), 256--278."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"The Bechdel Test and a Sexy Lamp: Detecting Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Mainstream Comics. Sequart Magazine","author":"Helvie Forrest","year":"2013","unstructured":"Forrest Helvie . 2013. The Bechdel Test and a Sexy Lamp: Detecting Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Mainstream Comics. Sequart Magazine ( 2013 ). Forrest Helvie. 2013. The Bechdel Test and a Sexy Lamp: Detecting Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Mainstream Comics. Sequart Magazine (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2012.729150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-009-9654-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01956051003749491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development","volume":"26","author":"Jacobson Joseph L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joseph L Jacobson , Sandra W Jacobson , 2002 . Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development . Alcohol Research and Health , Vol. 26 , 4 (2002), 282 -- 286 . Joseph L Jacobson, Sandra W Jacobson, et almbox. 2002. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development. Alcohol Research and Health , Vol. 26, 4 (2002), 282--286.","journal-title":"Alcohol Research and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Survey and Analysis of Interactive Art Documentations from 1979 to","author":"Jang Ji Yoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ji Yoon Jang , Byeongwon Ha , and Byungjoo Lee . 2018. Survey and Analysis of Interactive Art Documentations from 1979 to 2017 . Leonardo ( 2018), 1--2. Ji Yoon Jang, Byeongwon Ha, and Byungjoo Lee. 2018. Survey and Analysis of Interactive Art Documentations from 1979 to 2017. Leonardo (2018), 1--2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013200319198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2015.1102128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Television commercials as a lagging social indicator: Gender role stereotypes in Korean television advertising. Sex roles","author":"Kim Kwangok","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kwangok Kim and Dennis T Lowry . 2005. Television commercials as a lagging social indicator: Gender role stereotypes in Korean television advertising. Sex roles , Vol. 53 , 11--12 ( 2005 ), 901--910. Kwangok Kim and Dennis T Lowry. 2005. Television commercials as a lagging social indicator: Gender role stereotypes in Korean television advertising. Sex roles , Vol. 53, 11--12 (2005), 901--910."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Brent Lang. 2015. Study Finds Fewer Lead Roles for Women in Hollywood. Vareity available [online] at http:\/\/variety. com\/2015\/film\/news\/women-lead-roles-in-movies-study-hunger-games-gone-girl-1201429016\/Accessed on the Vol. 30 04 (2015) 2016.  Brent Lang. 2015. Study Finds Fewer Lead Roles for Women in Hollywood. Vareity available [online] at http:\/\/variety. com\/2015\/film\/news\/women-lead-roles-in-movies-study-hunger-games-gone-girl-1201429016\/Accessed on the Vol. 30 04 (2015) 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"It'sa man's (celluloid) world: Portrayals of female characters in the top 100 films of","author":"Lauzen Martha M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martha M Lauzen . 2016. It'sa man's (celluloid) world: Portrayals of female characters in the top 100 films of 2015 . Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film. Retrieved from: http:\/\/womenintvfilm. sdsu. edu\/files\/2015_Its_a_Mans_Celluloid_World_Report. pdf (2016). Martha M Lauzen. 2016. It'sa man's (celluloid) world: Portrayals of female characters in the top 100 films of 2015. Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film. Retrieved from: http:\/\/womenintvfilm. sdsu. edu\/files\/2015_Its_a_Mans_Celluloid_World_Report. pdf (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-3710-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838150801991971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Narrative and Hypertext 2011 Proceedings a Workshop at ACM Hypertext","author":"Lawrence K Faith","year":"2011","unstructured":"K Faith Lawrence . 2011 . Sparqling conversation: Automating the bechdel-wallace test . In Narrative and Hypertext 2011 Proceedings a Workshop at ACM Hypertext 2011, Eindhoven . 13. K Faith Lawrence. 2011. Sparqling conversation: Automating the bechdel-wallace test. In Narrative and Hypertext 2011 Proceedings a Workshop at ACM Hypertext 2011, Eindhoven . 13."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soin.12081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9782-6"},{"volume-title":"Advances in face detection and facial image analysis","author":"Martinez Brais","key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Brais Martinez and Michel F Valstar . 2016. Advances, challenges, and opportunities in automatic facial expression recognition . In Advances in face detection and facial image analysis . Springer , 63--100. Brais Martinez and Michel F Valstar. 2016. Advances, challenges, and opportunities in automatic facial expression recognition. In Advances in face detection and facial image analysis. Springer, 63--100."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2008.00158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media. [n. d.] a. Hitting the Bullseye: Reel Girl Archers Inspire Real Girl Archers. https:\/\/seejane.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/hitting-the-bullseye-reel-girl-archers-inspire-real-girl-archers-short.pdf  Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media. [n. d.] a. Hitting the Bullseye: Reel Girl Archers Inspire Real Girl Archers. https:\/\/seejane.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/hitting-the-bullseye-reel-girl-archers-inspire-real-girl-archers-short.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media. [n. d.] b. The Reel Truth: Women Aren't Seen or Heard. https:\/\/seejane.org\/research-informs-empowers\/data\/  Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media. [n. d.] b. The Reel Truth: Women Aren't Seen or Heard. https:\/\/seejane.org\/research-informs-empowers\/data\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger. arXiv preprint","author":"Redmon Joseph","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joseph Redmon and Ali Farhadi . 2017. YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger. arXiv preprint ( 2017 ). Joseph Redmon and Ali Farhadi. 2017. YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger. arXiv preprint (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Yolov3: An incremental improvement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767","author":"Redmon Joseph","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joseph Redmon and Ali Farhadi . 2018. Yolov3: An incremental improvement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767 ( 2018 ). Joseph Redmon and Ali Farhadi. 2018. Yolov3: An incremental improvement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Courtney N Plante, SE Roberts, and KC Gerbasi.","author":"Reysen Stephen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stephen Reysen , Commerce Dr Iva Katzarska-Miller , Courtney N Plante, SE Roberts, and KC Gerbasi. 2016 . Examination of anime content and associations between anime consumption, genre preferences, and ambivalent sexism. Manuscript submitted for publication (2016). Stephen Reysen, Commerce Dr Iva Katzarska-Miller, Courtney N Plante, SE Roberts, and KC Gerbasi. 2016. Examination of anime content and associations between anime consumption, genre preferences, and ambivalent sexism. Manuscript submitted for publication (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Aug","volume":"18","author":"Romano Aja","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aja Romano . 2013 . The mako mori test:\"pacific rim'inspires a bechdel test alternative. DailyDot. com . Aug , Vol. 18 (2013). Aja Romano. 2013. The mako mori test:\"pacific rim'inspires a bechdel test alternative. DailyDot. com. Aug , Vol. 18 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Inclusivefacenet: Improving face attribute detection with race and gender diversity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.00193","author":"Ryu Hee Jung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hee Jung Ryu , Hartwig Adam , and Margaret Mitchell . 2017 . Inclusivefacenet: Improving face attribute detection with race and gender diversity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.00193 (2017). Hee Jung Ryu, Hartwig Adam, and Margaret Mitchell. 2017. Inclusivefacenet: Improving face attribute detection with race and gender diversity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.00193 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Vocativ. Retrieved June","volume":"6","author":"Sharma Versha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Versha Sharma and Hanna Sender . 2014 . Hollywood movies with strong female roles make more money . Vocativ. Retrieved June , Vol. 6 (2014), 2014. Versha Sharma and Hanna Sender. 2014. Hollywood movies with strong female roles make more money. Vocativ. Retrieved June , Vol. 6 (2014), 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Web","volume":"17","author":"Smith Stacy L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stacy L Smith , Marc Choueiti , and Katherine Pieper . 2016 . Inequality in 800 Popular Films: Examining Portrayals of Gender, Race\/Ethnicity, LGBT, and Disability from 2007--2015. Media, Diversity, Social Change Initiative (nd): n. pag . Web , Vol. 17 (2016). Stacy L Smith, Marc Choueiti, and Katherine Pieper. 2016. Inequality in 800 Popular Films: Examining Portrayals of Gender, Race\/Ethnicity, LGBT, and Disability from 2007--2015. Media, Diversity, Social Change Initiative (nd): n. pag. Web , Vol. 17 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Inequality in 700 popular films: Examining portrayals of gender, race, & LGBT status from 2007 to","author":"Smith Stacy L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stacy L Smith , Marc Choueiti , Katherine Pieper , Traci Gillig , Carmen Lee , and Dylan DeLuca . 2015. Inequality in 700 popular films: Examining portrayals of gender, race, & LGBT status from 2007 to 2014 . Media, Diversity & Social Change Initiative, USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism , http:\/\/annenberg. usc. edu\/pages\/ \/media\/MDSCI\/Inequality% 20in , Vol. 20700 (2015). Stacy L Smith, Marc Choueiti, Katherine Pieper, Traci Gillig, Carmen Lee, and Dylan DeLuca. 2015. Inequality in 700 popular films: Examining portrayals of gender, race, & LGBT status from 2007 to 2014. Media, Diversity & Social Change Initiative, USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, http:\/\/annenberg. usc. edu\/pages\/ \/media\/MDSCI\/Inequality% 20in , Vol. 20700 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-009-9736-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J086v15n04_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Gendered media: The influence of media on views of gender. Gendered lives: Communication, gender and culture","author":"Wood Julia T","year":"1994","unstructured":"Julia T Wood . 1994. Gendered media: The influence of media on views of gender. Gendered lives: Communication, gender and culture ( 1994 ), 231--244. Julia T Wood. 1994. Gendered media: The influence of media on views of gender. Gendered lives: Communication, gender and culture (1994), 231--244."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3359300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3359300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:23:54Z","timestamp":1750202634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3359300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3359300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3359300","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2573-0142"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}