{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:04:33Z","timestamp":1782475473963,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The proliferation of mobile devices around the world, combined with falling costs of hardware and Internet connectivity, have resulted in an increasing number of organizations that work to introduce educational technology interventions into low-income schools in the Global South. However, to date, most prior HCI research examining such interventions has focused on interventions that target students. In this paper, we expand prior literature by examining an intervention, called Meghshala, that targets teachers in low-income schools as its primary users. Through interviews and observations with 39 participants from 12 government schools in India, we show how the introduction of a teacher-focused technology intervention causes teachers to reconfigure their work practices, including lesson preparation, in-classroom teaching practices, bureaucratic work processes, and post-teaching feedback mechanisms. We use the concept of material agency to analyze our findings with respect to teacher agency and reconfiguration, and use theories of teacher knowledge to highlight the kinds of knowledge production that teachers in our research context tend to focus on (e.g., content knowledge). Finally, we offer design opportunities for future teacher-focused technology interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3359322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:40:21Z","timestamp":1573220421000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["How Teachers in India Reconfigure their Work Practices around a Teacher-Oriented Technology Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rama Adithya","family":"Varanasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 F.","family":"Kizilcec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Dell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X17711907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Translating Magic: The Charisma of One Laptop per Child's XO Laptop in Paraguay. Beyond imported magic: Essays on science, technology, and society in Latin America","author":"Ames Morgan G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morgan G Ames . 2014 . Translating Magic: The Charisma of One Laptop per Child's XO Laptop in Paraguay. Beyond imported magic: Essays on science, technology, and society in Latin America (2014), 207--224. Morgan G Ames. 2014. Translating Magic: The Charisma of One Laptop per Child's XO Laptop in Paraguay. Beyond imported magic: Essays on science, technology, and society in Latin America (2014), 207--224."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Learning consumption: Media, literacy, and the legacy of One Laptop per Child. The information society","author":"Ames Morgan G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morgan G Ames . 2016. Learning consumption: Media, literacy, and the legacy of One Laptop per Child. The information society , Vol. 32 , 2 ( 2016 ), 85--97. Morgan G Ames. 2016. Learning consumption: Media, literacy, and the legacy of One Laptop per Child. The information society , Vol. 32, 2 (2016), 85--97."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2160673.2160675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00131946.2016.1169183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education. Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice","author":"Ball Deborah Loewenberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deborah Loewenberg Ball and David K Cohen . 1999. Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education. Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice , Vol. 1 ( 1999 ), 3--22. Deborah Loewenberg Ball and David K Cohen. 1999. Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education. Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice , Vol. 1 (1999), 3--22."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022487108324554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology","author":"Braun Virginia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke . 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology , Vol. 3 , 2 ( 2006 ), 77--101. Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology , Vol. 3, 2 (2006), 77--101."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Guided discovery in a community of learners","author":"Brown Ann L","unstructured":"Ann L Brown and Joseph C Campione . 1994. Guided discovery in a community of learners . The MIT Press . Ann L Brown and Joseph C Campione. 1994. Guided discovery in a community of learners. The MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13540602.2015.1044329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2010.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizabeth Campbell. 2012. Teacher agency in curriculum contexts.  Elizabeth Campbell. 2012. Teacher agency in curriculum contexts.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-873X.2012.00593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02504543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Human motivation and interpersonal relationships","author":"Chirkov Valery","unstructured":"Valery Chirkov . 2014. The universality of psychological autonomy across cultures: Arguments from developmental and social psychology . In Human motivation and interpersonal relationships . Springer , 27--51. Valery Chirkov. 2014. The universality of psychological autonomy across cultures: Arguments from developmental and social psychology. In Human motivation and interpersonal relationships. Springer, 27--51."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951717718855"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Teachers' Professional Knowledge Landscapes: Teacher Stories---Stories of Teachers---School Stories---Stories of Schools. Educational researcher","author":"Jean Clandinin D","year":"1996","unstructured":"D Jean Clandinin and F Michael Connelly . 1996. Teachers' Professional Knowledge Landscapes: Teacher Stories---Stories of Teachers---School Stories---Stories of Schools. Educational researcher , Vol. 25 , 3 ( 1996 ), 24--30. D Jean Clandinin and F Michael Connelly. 1996. Teachers' Professional Knowledge Landscapes: Teacher Stories---Stories of Teachers---School Stories---Stories of Schools. Educational researcher , Vol. 25, 3 (1996), 24--30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"The SAGE handbook of research on teacher education","author":"Jean Clandinin D","unstructured":"D Jean Clandinin and Jukka Husu . 2017. The SAGE handbook of research on teacher education . Sage . D Jean Clandinin and Jukka Husu. 2017. The SAGE handbook of research on teacher education .Sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Research on teacher thinking. Curriculum inquiry","author":"Clark Christopher M","year":"1977","unstructured":"Christopher M Clark and Robert J Yinger . 1977. Research on teacher thinking. Curriculum inquiry , Vol. 7 , 4 ( 1977 ), 279--304. Christopher M Clark and Robert J Yinger. 1977. Research on teacher thinking. Curriculum inquiry , Vol. 7, 4 (1977), 279--304."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Flexible learning in a digital world: Experiences and expectations","author":"Collis Betty","unstructured":"Betty Collis and Jef Moonen . 2012. Flexible learning in a digital world: Experiences and expectations . Routledge . Betty Collis and Jef Moonen. 2012. Flexible learning in a digital world: Experiences and expectations .Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julian Cristia Pablo Ibarrar\u00e1n Santiago Cueto Ana Santiago and Eugenio Sever'in. 2012. Technology and child development: Evidence from the one laptop per child program. (2012).  Julian Cristia Pablo Ibarrar\u00e1n Santiago Cueto Ana Santiago and Eugenio Sever'in. 2012. Technology and child development: Evidence from the one laptop per child program. (2012).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2032444"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Lary Cuban. 2013. A Second Look at iPads in Los Angeles. https:\/\/larrycuban.wordpress.com\/2013\/12\/06\/a-second-look-at-ipads-in-los-angeles\/  Lary Cuban. 2013. A Second Look at iPads in Los Angeles. https:\/\/larrycuban.wordpress.com\/2013\/12\/06\/a-second-look-at-ipads-in-los-angeles\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Measuring teachers' self-efficacy beliefs: Development and use of the TEBS-Self. Teaching and teacher education","author":"Dellinger Amy B","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amy B Dellinger , Jacquline J Bobbett , Dianne F Olivier , and Chad D Ellett . 2008. Measuring teachers' self-efficacy beliefs: Development and use of the TEBS-Self. Teaching and teacher education , Vol. 24 , 3 ( 2008 ), 751--766. Amy B Dellinger, Jacquline J Bobbett, Dianne F Olivier, and Chad D Ellett. 2008. Measuring teachers' self-efficacy beliefs: Development and use of the TEBS-Self. Teaching and teacher education , Vol. 24, 3 (2008), 751--766."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Improving impact studies of teachers' professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational researcher","author":"Desimone Laura M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laura M Desimone . 2009. Improving impact studies of teachers' professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational researcher , Vol. 38 , 3 ( 2009 ), 181--199. Laura M Desimone. 2009. Improving impact studies of teachers' professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational researcher , Vol. 38, 3 (2009), 181--199."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Kwang Suk Yoon, and Beatrice F Birman","author":"Desimone Laura M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laura M Desimone , Andrew C Porter , Michael S Garet , Kwang Suk Yoon, and Beatrice F Birman . 2002 . Effects of professional development on teachers' instruction: Results from a three-year longitudinal study. Educational evaluation and policy analysis , Vol. 24 , 2 (2002), 81--112. Laura M Desimone, Andrew C Porter, Michael S Garet, Kwang Suk Yoon, and Beatrice F Birman. 2002. Effects of professional development on teachers' instruction: Results from a three-year longitudinal study. Educational evaluation and policy analysis , Vol. 24, 2 (2002), 81--112."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Dimagi. 2019. CommCare. Retrieved April 4 2019 from https:\/\/www.dimagi.com\/commcare\/.  Dimagi. 2019. CommCare. Retrieved April 4 2019 from https:\/\/www.dimagi.com\/commcare\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Learning by doing: A handbook for Professional Learning Communities at Work TM","author":"DuFour Richard","unstructured":"Richard DuFour and Rebecca DuFour . 2013. Learning by doing: A handbook for Professional Learning Communities at Work TM . Solution Tree Press . Richard DuFour and Rebecca DuFour. 2013. Learning by doing: A handbook for Professional Learning Communities at Work TM .Solution Tree Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2003.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Becoming oneself","author":"Eneau J\u00e9r\u00f4me","unstructured":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Eneau . 2012. Educational reciprocity and developing autonomy: The social dimension of becoming oneself . In Becoming oneself . Springer , 29--54. J\u00e9r\u00f4me Eneau. 2012. Educational reciprocity and developing autonomy: The social dimension of becoming oneself. In Becoming oneself . Springer, 29--54."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2010.10782551"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Engines of anxiety: Academic rankings, reputation, and accountability","author":"Espeland Wendy Nelson","unstructured":"Wendy Nelson Espeland , Michael Sauder , and Wendy Espeland . 2016. Engines of anxiety: Academic rankings, reputation, and accountability . Russell Sage Foundation . Wendy Nelson Espeland, Michael Sauder, and Wendy Espeland. 2016. Engines of anxiety: Academic rankings, reputation, and accountability .Russell Sage Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"International journal of psychology","author":"Evans Karen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karen Evans . 2007. Concepts of bounded agency in education, work, and the personal lives of young adults . International journal of psychology , Vol. 42 , 2 ( 2007 ), 85--93. Karen Evans. 2007. Concepts of bounded agency in education, work, and the personal lives of young adults. International journal of psychology , Vol. 42, 2 (2007), 85--93."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Information Technologies & International Development","volume":"9","author":"Fajebe Ayodeji A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ayodeji A Fajebe , Michael L Best , and Thomas N Smyth . 2013 . Is the one laptop per child enough? Viewpoints from classroom teachers in Rwanda . Information Technologies & International Development , Vol. 9 , 3 (2013), pp--29. Ayodeji A Fajebe, Michael L Best, and Thomas N Smyth. 2013. Is the one laptop per child enough? Viewpoints from classroom teachers in Rwanda. Information Technologies & International Development , Vol. 9, 3 (2013), pp--29."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"A review of research on teacher beliefs and practices. Educational research","author":"Fang Zhihui","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zhihui Fang . 1996. A review of research on teacher beliefs and practices. Educational research , Vol. 38 , 1 ( 1996 ), 47--65. Zhihui Fang. 1996. A review of research on teacher beliefs and practices. Educational research , Vol. 38, 1 (1996), 47--65."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Teach for All. 2006. https:\/\/www.teachforindia.org\/  Teach for All. 2006. https:\/\/www.teachforindia.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240903213076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14361\/dcs-2015-0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2371574.2371642"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/curi.12042"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Professional development for technology-enhanced inquiry science. Review of educational research","author":"Gerard Libby F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Libby F Gerard , Keisha Varma , Stephanie B Corliss , and Marcia C Linn . 2011. Professional development for technology-enhanced inquiry science. Review of educational research , Vol. 81 , 3 ( 2011 ), 408--448. Libby F Gerard, Keisha Varma, Stephanie B Corliss, and Marcia C Linn. 2011. Professional development for technology-enhanced inquiry science. Review of educational research , Vol. 81, 3 (2011), 408--448."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Toward a theory of teacher community. The teachers college record","author":"Grossman Pam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pam Grossman , Sam Wineburg , and Stephen Woolworth . 2001. Toward a theory of teacher community. The teachers college record , Vol. 103 ( 2001 ), 942--1012. Pam Grossman, Sam Wineburg, and Stephen Woolworth. 2001. Toward a theory of teacher community. The teachers college record , Vol. 103 (2001), 942--1012."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and teaching","author":"Guskey Thomas R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thomas R Guskey . 2002. Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and teaching , Vol. 8 , 3 ( 2002 ), 381--391. Thomas R Guskey. 2002. Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and teaching , Vol. 8, 3 (2002), 381--391."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature","author":"Haraway Donna","unstructured":"Donna Haraway . 2013. Simians , cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature . Routledge . Donna Haraway. 2013. Simians, cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature .Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Andy Hargreaves and Michael G Fullan. 1992. Understanding teacher development. ERIC.  Andy Hargreaves and Michael G Fullan. 1992. Understanding teacher development. ERIC."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Being and time: A translation of Sein und Zeit","author":"Heidegger Martin","unstructured":"Martin Heidegger . 1996. Being and time: A translation of Sein und Zeit . SUNY press . Martin Heidegger. 1996. Being and time: A translation of Sein und Zeit .SUNY press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2369220.2369237"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2369220.2369238"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Networks that alter teaching: Conceptualisations, exchanges and experiments. Teacher development: Exploring our own practice","author":"Huberman Michael","year":"2001","unstructured":"Michael Huberman . 2001. Networks that alter teaching: Conceptualisations, exchanges and experiments. Teacher development: Exploring our own practice ( 2001 ), 141--159. Michael Huberman. 2001. Networks that alter teaching: Conceptualisations, exchanges and experiments. Teacher development: Exploring our own practice (2001), 141--159."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2369220.2369239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13189\/ujer.2015.030703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"iTeach. 2015. https:\/\/ekstep.org\/  iTeach. 2015. https:\/\/ekstep.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association","author":"Keren-Kolb Elizabeth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Elizabeth Keren-Kolb and Barry Fishman . 2006 . Using drawings to draw out a preservice teacher's beliefs about technology integration . In Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association , San Francisco, CA. Citeseer. Elizabeth Keren-Kolb and Barry Fishman. 2006. Using drawings to draw out a preservice teacher's beliefs about technology integration. In Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. Citeseer."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)","volume":"9","author":"Koehler Matthew","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matthew Koehler and Punya Mishra . 2009 a. What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) ? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education , Vol. 9 , 1 (March 2009), 60--70. https:\/\/www.learntechlib.org\/p\/29544 Matthew Koehler and Punya Mishra. 2009a. What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education , Vol. 9, 1 (March 2009), 60--70. https:\/\/www.learntechlib.org\/p\/29544","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education","author":"Koehler Matthew","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matthew Koehler and Punya Mishra . 2009b. What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education , Vol. 9 , 1 ( 2009 ), 60--70. Matthew Koehler and Punya Mishra. 2009b. What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education , Vol. 9, 1 (2009), 60--70."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Elizabeth Koh and Helen Hong. 2017. Developing professional competency in a CSCL environment for teamwork: Two TPACK case studies of teachers as co-designers. (2017).  Elizabeth Koh and Helen Hong. 2017. Developing professional competency in a CSCL environment for teamwork: Two TPACK case studies of teachers as co-designers. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1516046.1516063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2015.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"DEEP IMPACT: an investigation of the use of information and communication technologies for teacher education in the global south","author":"Leach Jenny","unstructured":"Jenny Leach , Atef Ahmed , Shumi Makalima , and Tom Power . 2005. DEEP IMPACT: an investigation of the use of information and communication technologies for teacher education in the global south . Open University . Jenny Leach, Atef Ahmed, Shumi Makalima, and Tom Power. 2005. DEEP IMPACT: an investigation of the use of information and communication technologies for teacher education in the global south .Open University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Digital materiality? How artifacts without matter, matter. First monday","author":"Leonardi Paul M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paul M Leonardi . 2010. Digital materiality? How artifacts without matter, matter. First monday , Vol. 15 , 6 ( 2010 ). Paul M Leonardi. 2010. Digital materiality? How artifacts without matter, matter. First monday , Vol. 15, 6 (2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Acting as accountable authors: Creating interactional spaces for agency work in teacher education. Teaching and teacher education","author":"Lipponen Lasse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lasse Lipponen and Kristiina Kumpulainen . 2011. Acting as accountable authors: Creating interactional spaces for agency work in teacher education. Teaching and teacher education , Vol. 27 , 5 ( 2011 ), 812--819. Lasse Lipponen and Kristiina Kumpulainen. 2011. Acting as accountable authors: Creating interactional spaces for agency work in teacher education. Teaching and teacher education , Vol. 27, 5 (2011), 812--819."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02671522.2011.610899"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13664530.2012.668103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02607479919493"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2037373.2037426"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"Meghshala. 2019. http:\/\/meghshala.online\/.  Meghshala. 2019. http:\/\/meghshala.online\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.1328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Medic Mobile. Retrieved","author":"Mobile Medic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Medic Mobile . 2019. Medic Mobile. Retrieved April 4, 2019 from https:\/\/medicmobile.org\/. Medic Mobile. 2019. Medic Mobile. Retrieved April 4, 2019 from https:\/\/medicmobile.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Teacher education in the Asia-Pacific region: A comparative study","author":"Morris Paul","unstructured":"Paul Morris and John Williamson . 2013. Teacher education in the Asia-Pacific region: A comparative study . Routledge . Paul Morris and John Williamson. 2013. Teacher education in the Asia-Pacific region: A comparative study .Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Using technology and constituting structures: A practice lens for studying technology in organizations","author":"Orlikowski Wanda J","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wanda J Orlikowski . 2000. Using technology and constituting structures: A practice lens for studying technology in organizations . Organization science , Vol. 11 , 4 ( 2000 ), 404--428. Wanda J Orlikowski. 2000. Using technology and constituting structures: A practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization science , Vol. 11, 4 (2000), 404--428."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2369220.2369248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Siswa AN Van Riesen, Ellen T Kamp, Constantinos C Manoli, Zacharias C Zacharia, and Eleftheria Tsourlidaki.","author":"Pedaste Margus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Margus Pedaste , Mario M\"aeots, Leo A Siiman , Ton De Jong , Siswa AN Van Riesen, Ellen T Kamp, Constantinos C Manoli, Zacharias C Zacharia, and Eleftheria Tsourlidaki. 2015 . Phases of inquiry-based learning: Definitions and the inquiry cycle. Educational research review , Vol. 14 (2015), 47--61. Margus Pedaste, Mario M\"aeots, Leo A Siiman, Ton De Jong, Siswa AN Van Riesen, Ellen T Kamp, Constantinos C Manoli, Zacharias C Zacharia, and Eleftheria Tsourlidaki. 2015. Phases of inquiry-based learning: Definitions and the inquiry cycle. Educational research review , Vol. 14 (2015), 47--61."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"What makes professional development effective? Strategies that foster curriculum implementation. American educational research journal","author":"Penuel William R","year":"2007","unstructured":"William R Penuel , Barry J Fishman , Ryoko Yamaguchi , and Lawrence P Gallagher . 2007. What makes professional development effective? Strategies that foster curriculum implementation. American educational research journal , Vol. 44 , 4 ( 2007 ), 921--958. William R Penuel, Barry J Fishman, Ryoko Yamaguchi, and Lawrence P Gallagher. 2007. What makes professional development effective? Strategies that foster curriculum implementation. American educational research journal , Vol. 44, 4 (2007), 921--958."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"The mangle of practice: Time, agency, and science","author":"Pickering Andrew","unstructured":"Andrew Pickering . 2010. The mangle of practice: Time, agency, and science . University of Chicago Press . Andrew Pickering. 2010. The mangle of practice: Time, agency, and science .University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"Teacher agency: An ecological approach","author":"Priestley Mark","unstructured":"Mark Priestley , Gert Biesta , and Sarah Robinson . 2015. Teacher agency: An ecological approach . Bloomsbury Publishing . Mark Priestley, Gert Biesta, and Sarah Robinson. 2015. Teacher agency: An ecological approach .Bloomsbury Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","volume-title":"Teacher agency in curriculum making: Agents of change and spaces for manoeuvre. Curriculum inquiry","author":"Priestley Mark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mark Priestley , Richard Edwards , Andrea Priestley , and Kate Miller . 2012. Teacher agency in curriculum making: Agents of change and spaces for manoeuvre. Curriculum inquiry , Vol. 42 , 2 ( 2012 ), 191--214. Mark Priestley, Richard Edwards, Andrea Priestley, and Kate Miller. 2012. Teacher agency in curriculum making: Agents of change and spaces for manoeuvre. Curriculum inquiry , Vol. 42, 2 (2012), 191--214."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","volume-title":"What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning? Educational researcher","author":"Putnam Ralph T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ralph T Putnam and Hilda Borko . 2000. What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning? Educational researcher , Vol. 29 , 1 ( 2000 ), 4--15. Ralph T Putnam and Hilda Borko. 2000. What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning? Educational researcher , Vol. 29, 1 (2000), 4--15."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13540602.2014.995483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"Jugaad innovation: Think frugal, be flexible, generate breakthrough growth","author":"Radjou Navi","unstructured":"Navi Radjou , Jaideep Prabhu , and Simone Ahuja . 2012. Jugaad innovation: Think frugal, be flexible, generate breakthrough growth . John Wiley & Sons . Navi Radjou, Jaideep Prabhu, and Simone Ahuja. 2012. Jugaad innovation: Think frugal, be flexible, generate breakthrough growth .John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02736822"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","volume-title":"Why school teachers are demotivated and disheartened. Economic and Political Weekly","author":"Ramachandran Vimala","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vimala Ramachandran . 2005. Why school teachers are demotivated and disheartened. Economic and Political Weekly ( 2005 ), 2141--2144. Vimala Ramachandran. 2005. Why school teachers are demotivated and disheartened. Economic and Political Weekly (2005), 2141--2144."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JPCC-09-2015-0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.20381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","volume-title":"A Situated Account of Teacher Agency and Learning: Critical Reflections on Professional Learning Communities. Canadian journal of education","author":"Riveros Augusto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Augusto Riveros , Paul Newton , and David Burgess . 2012. A Situated Account of Teacher Agency and Learning: Critical Reflections on Professional Learning Communities. Canadian journal of education , Vol. 35 , 1 ( 2012 ), 202--216. Augusto Riveros, Paul Newton, and David Burgess. 2012. A Situated Account of Teacher Agency and Learning: Critical Reflections on Professional Learning Communities. Canadian journal of education , Vol. 35, 1 (2012), 202--216."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Computer support for knowledge-building communities. The journal of the learning sciences","author":"Scardamalia Marlene","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter . 1994. Computer support for knowledge-building communities. The journal of the learning sciences , Vol. 3 , 3 ( 1994 ), 265--283. Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter. 1994. Computer support for knowledge-building communities. The journal of the learning sciences , Vol. 3, 3 (1994), 265--283."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences-Volume 1. International Society of the Learning Sciences, 388--395","author":"Scherr Rachel E","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rachel E Scherr and Hunter G Close . 2010 . Transformative professional development: cultivating concern with others' thinking as the root of teacher identity . In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences-Volume 1. International Society of the Learning Sciences, 388--395 . Rachel E Scherr and Hunter G Close. 2010. Transformative professional development: cultivating concern with others' thinking as the root of teacher identity. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences-Volume 1. International Society of the Learning Sciences, 388--395."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Teacher professional development, technology, and communities of practice: Are we putting the cart before the horse? The information society","author":"Schlager Mark S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mark S Schlager and Judith Fusco . 2003. Teacher professional development, technology, and communities of practice: Are we putting the cart before the horse? The information society , Vol. 19 , 3 ( 2003 ), 203--220. Mark S Schlager and Judith Fusco. 2003. Teacher professional development, technology, and communities of practice: Are we putting the cart before the horse? The information society , Vol. 19, 3 (2003), 203--220."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2009.10782544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02680513.2010.511953"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational researcher","author":"Shulman Lee S","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lee S Shulman . 1986. Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational researcher , Vol. 15 , 2 ( 1986 ), 4--14. Lee S Shulman. 1986. Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational researcher , Vol. 15, 2 (1986), 4--14."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","volume-title":"Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated actions","author":"Suchman Lucy","unstructured":"Lucy Suchman . 2007. Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated actions . Cambridge University Press . Lucy Suchman. 2007. Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated actions .Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","unstructured":"Seng Chee Tan Shien Chue and Chew Lee Teo. 2016. Teacher learning in a professional learning community: Potential for a dual-layer knowledge building. (2016).  Seng Chee Tan Shien Chue and Chew Lee Teo. 2016. Teacher learning in a professional learning community: Potential for a dual-layer knowledge building. (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313831.2014.904414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","volume-title":"Teacher professional development: an international review of the literature","author":"Villegas-Reimers Eleonora","unstructured":"Eleonora Villegas-Reimers . 2003. Teacher professional development: an international review of the literature . International Institute for Educational Planning , Paris . Eleonora Villegas-Reimers. 2003. Teacher professional development: an international review of the literature .International Institute for Educational Planning, Paris."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00167487.2015.12093961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","volume-title":"Developing communities of practice in practice: overcoming suspicion and establishing dialogue amongst primary school teachers in Antigua and Barbuda. Professional development in education","author":"Younger Mike","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mike Younger and Patricia George . 2013. Developing communities of practice in practice: overcoming suspicion and establishing dialogue amongst primary school teachers in Antigua and Barbuda. Professional development in education , Vol. 39 , 3 ( 2013 ), 312--329. Mike Younger and Patricia George. 2013. Developing communities of practice in practice: overcoming suspicion and establishing dialogue amongst primary school teachers in Antigua and Barbuda. Professional development in education , Vol. 39, 3 (2013), 312--329."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","volume-title":"Expanding Outcomes: Exploring Varied Forms of Teacher Learning in an Online Professional Development Experience.","author":"Yurkofsky Maxwell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maxwell Yurkofsky , Sarah Blum-Smith , and Karen Brennan . 2016 . Expanding Outcomes: Exploring Varied Forms of Teacher Learning in an Online Professional Development Experience. Singapore : International Society of the Learning Sciences. Maxwell Yurkofsky, Sarah Blum-Smith, and Karen Brennan. 2016. Expanding Outcomes: Exploring Varied Forms of Teacher Learning in an Online Professional Development Experience. Singapore: International Society of the Learning Sciences."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3359322","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3359322","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T23:23:54Z","timestamp":1750202634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3359322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3359322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3359322","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}