{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:56:52Z","timestamp":1783040212757,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DA029926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DA029926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007515","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1314281, CNS-1314342, CNS-1619970, CNS-1619950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1314281, CNS-1314342, CNS-1619970, CNS-1619950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput. Healthcare"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Timely detection of an individual\u2019s stress level has the potential to improve stress management, thereby reducing the risk of adverse health consequences that may arise due to mismanagement of stress. Recent advances in wearable sensing have resulted in multiple approaches to detect and monitor stress with varying levels of accuracy. The most accurate methods, however, rely on clinical-grade sensors to measure physiological signals; they are often bulky, custom made, and expensive, hence limiting their adoption by researchers and the general public. In this article, we explore the viability of commercially available off-the-shelf sensors for stress monitoring. The idea is to be able to use cheap, nonclinical sensors to capture physiological signals and make inferences about the wearer\u2019s stress level based on that data. We describe a system involving a popular off-the-shelf heart rate monitor, the Polar H7; we evaluated our system with 26 participants in both a controlled lab setting with three well-validated stress-inducing stimuli and in free-living field conditions. Our analysis shows that using the off-the-shelf sensor alone, we were able to detect stressful events with an\n            <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n            1-score of up to 0.87 in the lab and 0.66 in the field, on par with clinical-grade sensors.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3361562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T20:50:23Z","timestamp":1586638223000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Continuous Detection of Physiological Stress with Commodity Hardware"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lewia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron","family":"Lowens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Caine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sougata","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Halter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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