{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:28:04Z","timestamp":1750220884231,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"NYU Center for Cyber Security (CCS), and CCS-AD"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1833622 and CNS-1833624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1833622 and CNS-1833624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["W911NF-17-1-0320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-17-1-0320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            It is expected that as digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) mature, the hardware design flow will begin to resemble the current practice in the semiconductor industry: design teams send chip layouts to third-party foundries for fabrication. These foundries are untrusted and threaten to steal valuable intellectual property (IP). In a DMFB, the IP consists of not only hardware layouts but also of the biochemical assays (bioassays) that are intended to be executed on-chip. DMFB designers therefore must defend these protocols against theft. We propose to \u201clock\u201d biochemical assays by inserting\n            <jats:italic>dummy mix-split<\/jats:italic>\n            operations. We experimentally evaluate the proposed locking mechanism, and show how a high level of protection can be achieved even on bioassays with low complexity. We also demonstrate a new class of attacks that exploit the side-channel information to launch sophisticated attacks on the locked bioassay.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3365579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T18:41:47Z","timestamp":1574448107000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bio-chemical Assay Locking to Thwart Bio-IP Theft"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sukanta","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudip","family":"Poddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Design and Test Engineering Group, Intel Corp., California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Karri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishnendu","family":"Chakrabarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS.2016.7833754"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2015.2509991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Baebies Inc. 2017. 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