{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T06:53:04Z","timestamp":1777013584567,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":42,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3419206","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T02:16:16Z","timestamp":1600481776000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["FaceRevelio"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Habiba","family":"Farrukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reham Mohamed","family":"Aburas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. About Face ID advanced technology. https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/HT208108  [n. d.]. About Face ID advanced technology. https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/HT208108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Face++. https:\/\/www.faceplusplus.com\/landmarks\/  [n. d.]. Face++. https:\/\/www.faceplusplus.com\/landmarks\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Fact check: Is smartphone battery capacity growing or staying the same? https:\/\/www.androidauthority.com\/smartphone-battery-capacity-887305\/  [n. d.]. Fact check: Is smartphone battery capacity growing or staying the same? https:\/\/www.androidauthority.com\/smartphone-battery-capacity-887305\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. How does Face recognition work on Galaxy Note10 Galaxy Note10+ and Galaxy Fold? https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/global\/galaxy\/what-is\/face-recognition\/  [n. d.]. How does Face recognition work on Galaxy Note10 Galaxy Note10+ and Galaxy Fold? https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/global\/galaxy\/what-is\/face-recognition\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. How many times do you unlock your phone? https:\/\/www.techtimes.com\/articles\/151633\/20160420\/how-many-times-do-you-unlock\/-your-iphone-per-day-heres-the-answer-from-apple.htm  [n. d.]. How many times do you unlock your phone? https:\/\/www.techtimes.com\/articles\/151633\/20160420\/how-many-times-do-you-unlock\/-your-iphone-per-day-heres-the-answer-from-apple.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Processing Raw Images in MATLAB. https:\/\/rcsumner.net\/raw_guide\/RAWguide.pdf  [n. d.]. Processing Raw Images in MATLAB. https:\/\/rcsumner.net\/raw_guide\/RAWguide.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Understanding Gamma Correction. https:\/\/www.cambridgeincolour.com\/tutorials\/gamma-correction.htm  [n. d.]. Understanding Gamma Correction. https:\/\/www.cambridgeincolour.com\/tutorials\/gamma-correction.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. You should probably turn off the Galaxy S10's face unlock if you value basic security. https:\/\/www.androidauthority.com\/galaxy-s10-face-unlock-insecure-964276\/  [n. d.]. You should probably turn off the Galaxy S10's face unlock if you value basic security. https:\/\/www.androidauthority.com\/galaxy-s10-face-unlock-insecure-964276\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn Abadi Ashish Agarwal Paul Barham Eugene Brevdo Zhifeng Chen Craig Citro Greg S. Corrado Andy Davis Jeffrey Dean Matthieu Devin Sanjay Ghemawat Ian Goodfellow Andrew Harp Geoffrey Irving Michael Isard Yangqing Jia Rafal Jozefowicz Lukasz Kaiser Manjunath Kudlur Josh Levenberg Dandelion Man\u00e9 Rajat Monga Sherry Moore Derek Murray Chris Olah Mike Schuster Jonathon Shlens Benoit Steiner Ilya Sutskever Kunal Talwar Paul Tucker Vincent Vanhoucke Vijay Vasudevan Fernanda Vi\u00e9gas Oriol Vinyals Pete Warden Martin Wattenberg Martin Wicke Yuan Yu and Xiaoqiang Zheng. 2015. TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems. https:\/\/www.tensorflow.org\/ Software available from tensorflow.org.  Mart\u00edn Abadi Ashish Agarwal Paul Barham Eugene Brevdo Zhifeng Chen Craig Citro Greg S. Corrado Andy Davis Jeffrey Dean Matthieu Devin Sanjay Ghemawat Ian Goodfellow Andrew Harp Geoffrey Irving Michael Isard Yangqing Jia Rafal Jozefowicz Lukasz Kaiser Manjunath Kudlur Josh Levenberg Dandelion Man\u00e9 Rajat Monga Sherry Moore Derek Murray Chris Olah Mike Schuster Jonathon Shlens Benoit Steiner Ilya Sutskever Kunal Talwar Paul Tucker Vincent Vanhoucke Vijay Vasudevan Fernanda Vi\u00e9gas Oriol Vinyals Pete Warden Martin Wattenberg Martin Wicke Yuan Yu and Xiaoqiang Zheng. 2015. TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems. https:\/\/www.tensorflow.org\/ Software available from tensorflow.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling: Implementation and Algorithms","author":"Agoston Max K","unstructured":"Max K Agoston . 2005. Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling: Implementation and Algorithms . Springer London . Max K Agoston. 2005. Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling: Implementation and Algorithms. Springer London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"KDD workshop","volume":"10","author":"Berndt Donald J","year":"1994","unstructured":"Donald J Berndt and James Clifford . 1994 . Using dynamic time warping to find patterns in time series .. In KDD workshop , Vol. 10 . Seattle, WA, 359--370. Donald J Berndt and James Clifford. 1994. Using dynamic time warping to find patterns in time series.. In KDD workshop, Vol. 10. Seattle, WA, 359--370."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Avishek Joey Bose and Parham Aarabi. 2018. Adversarial Attacks on Face Detectors using Neural Net based Constrained Optimization. arXiv:cs.CV\/1805.12302  Avishek Joey Bose and Parham Aarabi. 2018. Adversarial Attacks on Face Detectors using Neural Net based Constrained Optimization. arXiv:cs.CV\/1805.12302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/245.247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2959203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594368.2594373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118445112.stat05633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"One-shot learning of object categories","author":"Fei-Fei Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li Fei-Fei , Rob Fergus , and Pietro Perona . 2006. One-shot learning of object categories . IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 28, 4 ( 2006 ), 594--611. Li Fei-Fei, Rob Fergus, and Pietro Perona. 2006. One-shot learning of object categories. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 28, 4 (2006), 594--611."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.11.003079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Liveness detection for embedded face recognition system","volume":"1","author":"Jee Hyung-Keun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hyung-Keun Jee , Sung-Uk Jung , and Jang-Hee Yoo . 2006 . Liveness detection for embedded face recognition system . International Journal of Biological and Medical Sciences 1 , 4 (2006), 235 -- 238 . Hyung-Keun Jee, Sung-Uk Jung, and Jang-Hee Yoo. 2006. Liveness detection for embedded face recognition system. International Journal of Biological and Medical Sciences 1, 4 (2006), 235--238.","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of optics","author":"Jenkins Francis A","unstructured":"Francis A Jenkins and Harvey E White . 1937. Fundamentals of optics . Tata McGraw-Hill Education . Francis A Jenkins and Harvey E White. 1937. Fundamentals of optics. Tata McGraw-Hill Education."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Face liveness detection from a single image via diffusion speed model","author":"Kim Wonjun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wonjun Kim , Sungjoo Suh , and Jae-Joon Han . 2015. Face liveness detection from a single image via diffusion speed model . IEEE transactions on Image processing 24, 8 ( 2015 ), 2456--2465. Wonjun Kim, Sungjoo Suh, and Jae-Joon Han. 2015. Face liveness detection from a single image via diffusion speed model. IEEE transactions on Image processing 24, 8 (2015), 2456--2465."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"ICML deep learning workshop","author":"Koch Gregory","unstructured":"Gregory Koch , Richard Zemel , and Ruslan Salakhutdinov . 2015. Siamese neural networks for one-shot image recognition . In ICML deep learning workshop , Vol. 2 . Lille . Gregory Koch, Richard Zemel, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. 2015. Siamese neural networks for one-shot image recognition. In ICML deep learning workshop, Vol. 2. Lille."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2007.902037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrea Lagorio Massimo Tistarelli Marinella Cadoni Clinton Fookes and Sridha Sridharan. 2013. Liveness detection based on 3D face shape analysis.. In IWBF. 1--4.  Andrea Lagorio Massimo Tistarelli Marinella Cadoni Clinton Fookes and Sridha Sridharan. 2013. Liveness detection based on 3D face shape analysis.. In IWBF. 1--4.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWBF.2013.6547310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2426656.2426724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321705.3329850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3345336.3345345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-010-9313-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2578288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Variational Methods for Normal Integration. CoRR abs\/1709.05965","author":"Qu\u00e9au Yvain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yvain Qu\u00e9au , Jean-Denis Durou , and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Aujol . 2017. Variational Methods for Normal Integration. CoRR abs\/1709.05965 ( 2017 ). arXiv:1709.05965 http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1709.05965 Yvain Qu\u00e9au, Jean-Denis Durou, and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Aujol. 2017. Variational Methods for Normal Integration. CoRR abs\/1709.05965 (2017). arXiv:1709.05965 http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1709.05965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Qing Song Yingqi Wu and Lu Yang. 2018. Attacks on State-of-the-Art Face Recognition using Attentional Adversarial Attack Generative Network. arXiv:cs.CV\/1811.12026  Qing Song Yingqi Wu and Lu Yang. 2018. Attacks on State-of-the-Art Face Recognition using Attentional Adversarial Attack Generative Network. arXiv:cs.CV\/1811.12026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15567-3_37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Face Flashing: a Secure Liveness Detection Protocol based on Light Reflections. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01949","author":"Tang Di","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Tang , Zhe Zhou , Yinqian Zhang , and Kehuan Zhang . 2018. Face Flashing: a Secure Liveness Detection Protocol based on Light Reflections. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01949 ( 2018 ). Di Tang, Zhe Zhou, Yinqian Zhang, and Kehuan Zhang. 2018. Face Flashing: a Secure Liveness Detection Protocol based on Light Reflections. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01949 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Numerical linear algebra","author":"Trefethen Lloyd N","unstructured":"Lloyd N Trefethen and David Bau III. 1997. Numerical linear algebra . Vol. 50 . Siam . Lloyd N Trefethen and David Bau III. 1997. Numerical linear algebra. Vol. 50. Siam."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication","author":"Viterbi Andrew J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Andrew J. Viterbi . 1995 . CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication . Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. , Redwood City, CA, USA . Andrew J. Viterbi. 1995. CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication. Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Photometric method for determining surface orientation from multiple images. Optical engineering 19, 1","author":"Woodham Robert J","year":"1980","unstructured":"Robert J Woodham . 1980. Photometric method for determining surface orientation from multiple images. Optical engineering 19, 1 ( 1980 ), 191139. Robert J Woodham. 1980. Photometric method for determining surface orientation from multiple images. Optical engineering 19, 1 (1980), 191139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 3140--3143","author":"Yu Hang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hang Yu , Tian-Tsong Ng , and Qibin Sun . 2008 . Recaptured photo detection using specularity distribution . In 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 3140--3143 . Hang Yu, Tian-Tsong Ng, and Qibin Sun. 2008. Recaptured photo detection using specularity distribution. In 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 3140--3143."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241575"}],"event":{"name":"MobiCom '20: The 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","location":"London United Kingdom","acronym":"MobiCom '20","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3372224.3419206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3372224.3419206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:32:10Z","timestamp":1750195930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3372224.3419206"}},"subtitle":["a face liveness detection system for smartphones with a single front camera"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3372224.3419206","10.1145\/3372224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3372224.3419206","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}