{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:27:42Z","timestamp":1776090462997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"GROUP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]],"date-time":"2020-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"CSU-AAUP Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In HCI research, non-use of systems, especially involuntary loss of use, is a relatively neglected topic. How do people perceive the impacts on their lives should the Internet go out for an extended period of time? Would it be a minor inconvenience or Armageddon? We took a Futures Studies approach to conduct a conceptualized future, scenario-based study with 754 responses to a survey of mostly students at three universities and used framing theory to help explicate the findings from qualitative data analysis. Our data show that most respondents do believe a long-term complete Internet outage is possible; however, perceptions in terms of what the impacts would be range widely. Most participants employ an egocentric frame to understand the impacts in terms of changes in their personal relationships and activities, with both gains and losses envisioned. A minority frame their visions in terms of the societal level, with severe infrastructure problems resulting. This paper is the first to explore perceptions of the potential impacts of an Internet outage and provide implications for preparedness and design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3375183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]],"date-time":"2020-01-04T22:05:18Z","timestamp":1578175518000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Internet-less World?"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sukeshini A","family":"Grandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Plotnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Starr Roxanne","family":"Hiltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"7 key findings about mobile phone and social media use in emerging economies","author":"Anderson Monica","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monica Anderson and Laura Silver . 7 key findings about mobile phone and social media use in emerging economies . Pew Research Center . Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/07\/7-key-findings-about-mobile-phone-and-social-media-use-in-emerging-economies\/ Monica Anderson and Laura Silver. 7 key findings about mobile phone and social media use in emerging economies. Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/07\/7-key-findings-about-mobile-phone-and-social-media-use-in-emerging-economies\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78","author":"Ba\u00f1uls V\u00edctor","year":"2011","unstructured":"V\u00edctor Ba\u00f1uls and Murray Turoff . 2011 . Scenario construction via Delphi and cross-impact analysis . Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78 , (November 2011), 1579--1602. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2011.03.014 10.1016\/j.techfore.2011.03.014 V\u00edctor Ba\u00f1uls and Murray Turoff. 2011. Scenario construction via Delphi and cross-impact analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78, (November 2011), 1579--1602. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2011.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v20i11.6310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"On the Importance and Implications of Studying Technology Non-use. interactions 22, 2 (February","author":"Baumer Eric P. S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eric P. S. Baumer , Jenna Burrell , Morgan G. Ames , Jed R. Brubaker , and Paul Dourish . 2015. On the Importance and Implications of Studying Technology Non-use. interactions 22, 2 (February 2015 ), 52--56. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2723667 10.1145\/2723667 Eric P. S. Baumer, Jenna Burrell, Morgan G. Ames, Jed R. Brubaker, and Paul Dourish. 2015. On the Importance and Implications of Studying Technology Non-use. interactions 22, 2 (February 2015), 52--56. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2723667"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Gay","author":"Baumer Eric P. S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eric P. S. Baumer , Shion Guha , Emily Quan , David Mimno , and Geri K . Gay . 2015 . Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal , or Finding Freedom? How Experiences of Social Media Non-Use Influence the Likelihood of Reversion. Social Media + Society 1, 2 (July 2015), 2056305115614851. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2056305115614851 10.1177\/2056305115614851 Eric P. S. Baumer, Shion Guha, Emily Quan, David Mimno, and Geri K. Gay. 2015. Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal, or Finding Freedom? How Experiences of Social Media Non-Use Influence the Likelihood of Reversion. Social Media + Society 1, 2 (July 2015), 2056305115614851. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2056305115614851"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Usees. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15)","author":"Baumer Eric P.S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eric P.S. Baumer . 2015 . Usees. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15) , 3295--3298. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702147 10.1145\/2702123.2702147 Eric P.S. Baumer. 2015. Usees. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15), 3295--3298. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Purposes, Knowledge (1 edition ed.)","author":"Bell Wendell","unstructured":"Wendell Bell . 2010. Foundations of Futures Studies: Human Science for a New Era: History , Purposes, Knowledge (1 edition ed.) . Transaction Publishers , New Brunswick, N.J. Wendell Bell. 2010. Foundations of Futures Studies: Human Science for a New Era: History, Purposes, Knowledge (1 edition ed.). Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, N.J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557098"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3026023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-006-9039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory","author":"Corbin Juliet","unstructured":"Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss . 2007. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory ( 3 rd edition ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc, Los Angeles , Calif . Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 2007. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (3rd edition ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc, Los Angeles, Calif.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2013.2291244"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Adversarial Design","author":"DiSalvo Carl","unstructured":"Carl DiSalvo . 2012. Adversarial Design . The MIT Press . Carl DiSalvo. 2012. Adversarial Design. The MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015006907312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming","author":"Dunne Anthony","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby . 2013 . Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming . The MIT Press . Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby. 2013. Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming. The MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v20i11.6312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810374789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Feyerke Alex","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alex Feyerke . 2013 . Designing Offline-First Web Apps. A List Apart . Retrieved September 21, 2019 from https:\/\/alistapart.com\/article\/offline-first\/ Alex Feyerke. 2013. Designing Offline-First Web Apps. A List Apart. Retrieved September 21, 2019 from https:\/\/alistapart.com\/article\/offline-first\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Florido Adrian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adrian Florido . 2018 . 6 Months After Hurricanes, 11 Percent Of Puerto Rico Is Still Without Power. NPR.org . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/03\/07\/591681107\/6-months-after-hurricanes-11-percent-of-puerto-rico-is-still-without-power Adrian Florido. 2018. 6 Months After Hurricanes, 11 Percent Of Puerto Rico Is Still Without Power. NPR.org. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/03\/07\/591681107\/6-months-after-hurricanes-11-percent-of-puerto-rico-is-still-without-power"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/229213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Journal of Futures Studies. Retrieved","author":"Gauthier Thomas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomas Gauthier and Katarzyna Wac . A Foresight Analysis of Pervasive Healthcare Technologies * Journal of Futures Studies . Journal of Futures Studies. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/jfsdigital.org\/2015--2\/vol-20-no-1-sept-2015\/articles\/a-foresight-analysis-of-pervasive-healthcare-technologies\/ Thomas Gauthier and Katarzyna Wac. A Foresight Analysis of Pervasive Healthcare Technologies * Journal of Futures Studies. Journal of Futures Studies. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/jfsdigital.org\/2015--2\/vol-20-no-1-sept-2015\/articles\/a-foresight-analysis-of-pervasive-healthcare-technologies\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience","author":"Goffman Erving","unstructured":"Erving Goffman . 1974. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience . Harvard University Press , Cambridge, MA , US. Erving Goffman. 1974. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, US."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"News Use Across Social Media Platforms","author":"Gottfried Jeffrey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeffrey Gottfried and Elisa Shearer . 2016. News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016 . Pew Research Center . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.journalism.org\/2016\/05\/26\/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016\/ Jeffrey Gottfried and Elisa Shearer. 2016. News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016. Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.journalism.org\/2016\/05\/26\/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3240167.3240194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Mike Hale. 2017. We Love the Sun. It Couldn't Care Less.(The Arts\/Cultural Desk)(The Dark Side of the Sun)(Television program review). The New York Times C3.  Mike Hale. 2017. We Love the Sun. It Couldn't Care Less.(The Arts\/Cultural Desk)(The Dark Side of the Sun)(Television program review). The New York Times C3."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"16th ISCRAM Conference.","author":"Hiltz Starr Roxanne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Starr Roxanne Hiltz , Hughes Amanda , Muhammad Imran , Linda Plotnick , Robert Power , and Murray Turoff . 2019 . Requirements for software to support the use of social media in emergency management: A Delphi study . In 16th ISCRAM Conference. Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Hughes Amanda, Muhammad Imran, Linda Plotnick, Robert Power, and Murray Turoff. 2019. Requirements for software to support the use of social media in emergency management: A Delphi study. In 16th ISCRAM Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Methods of Future and Scenario Analysis: Overview, Assessment, and Selection Criteria","author":"Kosow Hannah","unstructured":"Hannah Kosow and Robert Grassner . 2008. Methods of Future and Scenario Analysis: Overview, Assessment, and Selection Criteria . Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/258510126_Methods_of_Future_and_Scenario_Analysis_Overview_Assessment_and_Selection_Criteria Hannah Kosow and Robert Grassner. 2008. Methods of Future and Scenario Analysis: Overview, Assessment, and Selection Criteria. Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/258510126_Methods_of_Future_and_Scenario_Analysis_Overview_Assessment_and_Selection_Criteria"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441867"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Lawler Dave","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dave Lawler and Jonathan Swan . 2018 . Special report: America's greatest threat is a hurricane-force cyberattack . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.axios.com\/americas-greatest-threat-hurricane-force-cyberattack-67ff9c98--1cb8--4358--9d9e-e8c26836dec3.html Dave Lawler and Jonathan Swan. 2018. Special report: America's greatest threat is a hurricane-force cyberattack. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.axios.com\/americas-greatest-threat-hurricane-force-cyberattack-67ff9c98--1cb8--4358--9d9e-e8c26836dec3.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Lee Rainie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rainie Lee , Aaron Smith , and Maeve Duggan . 2013 . Coming and Going on Facebook | Pew Research Center . Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2013\/02\/05\/coming-and-going-on-facebook\/ Rainie Lee, Aaron Smith, and Maeve Duggan. 2013. Coming and Going on Facebook | Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2013\/02\/05\/coming-and-going-on-facebook\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/209174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Linstone and Murray Turoff","author":"Harold","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harold A. Linstone and Murray Turoff . 2002 . The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Retrieved from https:\/\/web.njit.edu\/~turoff\/pubs\/delphibook\/delphibook.pdf Harold A. Linstone and Murray Turoff. 2002. The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Retrieved from https:\/\/web.njit.edu\/~turoff\/pubs\/delphibook\/delphibook.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Homeland Security Invests $11.6 Million in Countering Large-Scale Internet Outages. Nextgov.com. Retrieved","author":"Marks Joeseph","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joeseph Marks . Homeland Security Invests $11.6 Million in Countering Large-Scale Internet Outages. Nextgov.com. Retrieved June 6, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nextgov.com\/cybersecurity\/2018\/09\/homeland-security-invests-116-million-countering-large-scale-internet-outages\/151315\/ Joeseph Marks. Homeland Security Invests $11.6 Million in Countering Large-Scale Internet Outages. Nextgov.com. Retrieved June 6, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nextgov.com\/cybersecurity\/2018\/09\/homeland-security-invests-116-million-countering-large-scale-internet-outages\/151315\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/778712.778729"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"O'Brien Sara Ashley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sara Ashley O'Brien . 2016 . Widespread cyberattack takes down sites worldwide . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/10\/21\/technology\/ddos-attack-popular-sites\/index.html Sara Ashley O'Brien. 2016. Widespread cyberattack takes down sites worldwide. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/10\/21\/technology\/ddos-attack-popular-sites\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/196734.196745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Hughes","author":"Palen Leysia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leysia Palen and Amanda L . Hughes . 2018 . Social Media in Disaster Communication. In Handbook of Disaster Research, Havid\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez, William Donner and Joseph E. Trainor (eds.). Springer International Publishing , Cham, 497--518. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--63254--4_24 10.1007\/978--3--319--63254--4_24 Leysia Palen and Amanda L. Hughes. 2018. Social Media in Disaster Communication. In Handbook of Disaster Research, Havid\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez, William Donner and Joseph E. Trainor (eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 497--518. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--63254--4_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2011.534370"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Perlroth Nicole","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nicole Perlroth . 2017 . Lasting Damage and a Search for Clues in Cyberattack - The New York Times . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/06\/technology\/search-for-clues-global-cyberattacks.html Nicole Perlroth. 2017. Lasting Damage and a Search for Clues in Cyberattack - The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/06\/technology\/search-for-clues-global-cyberattacks.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jhsem-2015-0068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428107303349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Quarantelli E. L.","year":"1997","unstructured":"E. L. Quarantelli . 1997 . Research Based Criteria for Evaluating Disaster Planning and Managing. (1997) . Retrieved September 26, 2019 from http:\/\/udspace.udel.edu\/handle\/19716\/136 E. L. Quarantelli. 1997. Research Based Criteria for Evaluating Disaster Planning and Managing. (1997). Retrieved September 26, 2019 from http:\/\/udspace.udel.edu\/handle\/19716\/136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3217804.3217945"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Scenarios as a scholarly methodology to produce \"interesting research.\" Futures 71, (August","author":"Ramirez Rafael","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rafael Ramirez , Malobi Mukherjee , Simona Vezzoli , and Arnoldo Matus Kramer . 2015. Scenarios as a scholarly methodology to produce \"interesting research.\" Futures 71, (August 2015 ), 70--87. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.futures.2015.06.006 10.1016\/j.futures.2015.06.006 Rafael Ramirez, Malobi Mukherjee, Simona Vezzoli, and Arnoldo Matus Kramer. 2015. Scenarios as a scholarly methodology to produce \"interesting research.\" Futures 71, (August 2015), 70--87. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.futures.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Carroll","author":"Rosson Mary Beth","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mary Beth Rosson and John M . Carroll . 2002 . Usability Engineering : Scenario-based Development of Human-computer Interaction. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc ., San Francisco, CA, USA. Mary Beth Rosson and John M. Carroll. 2002. Usability Engineering: Scenario-based Development of Human-computer Interaction. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"The New York Times. Retrieved","author":"David","year":"2019","unstructured":"David E. Sanger and Nicole Perlroth. 2019. U.S. Escalates Online Attacks on Russia's Power Grid . The New York Times. Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/15\/us\/politics\/trump-cyber-russia-grid.html David E. Sanger and Nicole Perlroth. 2019. U.S. Escalates Online Attacks on Russia's Power Grid. The New York Times. Retrieved June 16, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/15\/us\/politics\/trump-cyber-russia-grid.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1738826.1738829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Scheufele and Shanto Iyengar","author":"Dietram","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dietram A. Scheufele and Shanto Iyengar . 2014 . The State of Framing Research. Oxford University Press . DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199793471.013.47 10.1093\/oxfordhb Dietram A. Scheufele and Shanto Iyengar. 2014. The State of Framing Research. Oxford University Press. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199793471.013.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2556983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved","author":"Seiders Kathleen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kathleen Seiders , Berry Leonard L, and Larry G. Gresham . Attention, Retailers! How Convenient Is Your Convenience Strategy ? MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/sloanreview.mit.edu\/article\/attention-retailers-how-convenient-is-your-convenience-strategy\/ Kathleen Seiders, Berry Leonard L, and Larry G. Gresham. Attention, Retailers! How Convenient Is Your Convenience Strategy? MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/sloanreview.mit.edu\/article\/attention-retailers-how-convenient-is-your-convenience-strategy\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathleen Seiders Glenn B. Voss Andrea L. Godfrey and Dhruv Grewal. 2006. ORIGINAL EMPIRICAL RESEARCH SERVCON: development and validation of a multidimensional service convenience scale.  Kathleen Seiders Glenn B. Voss Andrea L. Godfrey and Dhruv Grewal. 2006. ORIGINAL EMPIRICAL RESEARCH SERVCON: development and validation of a multidimensional service convenience scale.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-006-0001-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-791X(02)00062-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Collaborative and On Demand: The New Digital Economy","author":"Smith Aaron","unstructured":"Aaron Smith . Shared , Collaborative and On Demand: The New Digital Economy . Pew Research Center . Aaron Smith. Shared, Collaborative and On Demand: The New Digital Economy. Pew Research Center."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00027649921955326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"The New York Times. Retrieved","author":"Board The Editorial","year":"2017","unstructured":"The Editorial Board . 2017 . Opinion | When Cyberweapons Go Missing . The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/04\/opinion\/cyberweapons-nsa-attacks.html The Editorial Board. 2017. Opinion | When Cyberweapons Go Missing. The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/04\/opinion\/cyberweapons-nsa-attacks.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Tierney Kathleen J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kathleen J. Tierney . 1993 . Disaster Preparedness And Response: Research Findings And Guidance From The Social Science Literature. (1993) . Retrieved September 26, 2019 from http:\/\/udspace.udel.edu\/handle\/19716\/579 Kathleen J. Tierney. 1993. Disaster Preparedness And Response: Research Findings And Guidance From The Social Science Literature. (1993). Retrieved September 26, 2019 from http:\/\/udspace.udel.edu\/handle\/19716\/579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Starr Roxanne Hiltz, and Miguel Ramirez de la Huerga","author":"Turoff Murray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murray Turoff , Victor A. Ba\u00f1uls , Linda Plotnick , Starr Roxanne Hiltz, and Miguel Ramirez de la Huerga . 2015 . Collaborative Evolution of a Dynamic Scenario Model for the Interaction of Critical Infrastructures. In ISCRAM. Murray Turoff, Victor A. Ba\u00f1uls, Linda Plotnick, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, and Miguel Ramirez de la Huerga. 2015. Collaborative Evolution of a Dynamic Scenario Model for the Interaction of Critical Infrastructures. In ISCRAM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference.","author":"Turoff Murray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murray Turoff , V\u00edctor Ba\u00f1uls , Linda Plotnick , and Starr Hiltz . 2014 . Development of a dynamic scenario model for the interaction of critical infrastructures . In Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference. Murray Turoff, V\u00edctor Ba\u00f1uls, Linda Plotnick, and Starr Hiltz. 2014. Development of a dynamic scenario model for the interaction of critical infrastructures. In Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753486"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Sutcliffe","author":"Weick Karl E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karl E. Weick and Kathleen M . Sutcliffe . 2001 . Managing the unexpected: Assuring high performance in an age of complexity. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, US. Karl E. Weick and Kathleen M. Sutcliffe. 2001. Managing the unexpected: Assuring high performance in an age of complexity. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, US."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/329124.329126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Wyatt Sally M.E.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sally M.E. Wyatt . 2003 . Non-users also matter: The construction of users and non-users of the Internet. (2003) . Retrieved February 17, 2019 from https:\/\/dare.uva.nl\/search?identifier=9fc15327--9657--4e65--9af3-b5def673f4e9 Sally M.E. Wyatt. 2003. Non-users also matter: The construction of users and non-users of the Internet. (2003). Retrieved February 17, 2019 from https:\/\/dare.uva.nl\/search?identifier=9fc15327--9657--4e65--9af3-b5def673f4e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Google Design. Retrieved","author":"Zaraysky Susanna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Susanna Zaraysky . Design for Offline - Library . Google Design. Retrieved June 11, 2019 from https:\/\/design.google\/library\/offline-design\/ Susanna Zaraysky. Design for Offline - Library. Google Design. Retrieved June 11, 2019 from https:\/\/design.google\/library\/offline-design\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved","author":"NCSAM","year":"2018","unstructured":"NCSAM 2018 Toolkit . Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/cisa\/cyber-safety NCSAM 2018 Toolkit. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/cisa\/cyber-safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Report EPRI","year":"2019","unstructured":"EPRI Report : State of the Technology 2017 . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.epri.com\/#\/pages\/product\/000000003002011125\/?lang=en-US EPRI Report: State of the Technology 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.epri.com\/#\/pages\/product\/000000003002011125\/?lang=en-US"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Collaborative and On Demand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shared, Collaborative and On Demand : The New Digital Economy . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/05\/PI_2016.05.19_Sharing-Economy_FINAL.pdf Shared, Collaborative and On Demand: The New Digital Economy. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/05\/PI_2016.05.19_Sharing-Economy_FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Critical","year":"2019","unstructured":"Critical Infrastructure and the Internet of Things | FLETC . Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.fletc.gov\/critical-infrastructure-and-internet-things Critical Infrastructure and the Internet of Things | FLETC. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/www.fletc.gov\/critical-infrastructure-and-internet-things"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"ICT Facts and Figures 2017. Retrieved June 13 2019 from https:\/\/news.itu.int\/itu-statistics-leaving-no-one-offline\/  ICT Facts and Figures 2017. Retrieved June 13 2019 from https:\/\/news.itu.int\/itu-statistics-leaving-no-one-offline\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","volume-title":"Technology, and Policy. Retrieved","author":"Information Security and Critical Infrastructure Protection | Center for International Strategy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Information Security and Critical Infrastructure Protection | Center for International Strategy , Technology, and Policy. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/cistp.gatech.edu\/programs\/information-security-and-critical-infrastructure-protection Information Security and Critical Infrastructure Protection | Center for International Strategy, Technology, and Policy. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https:\/\/cistp.gatech.edu\/programs\/information-security-and-critical-infrastructure-protection"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","unstructured":"What Point Of Sale System Does Walmart Use? Expert Market US. Retrieved June 13 2019 from https:\/\/www.expertmarket.com\/pos\/walmart-pos-system  What Point Of Sale System Does Walmart Use? Expert Market US. Retrieved June 13 2019 from https:\/\/www.expertmarket.com\/pos\/walmart-pos-system"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3375183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3375183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:32:48Z","timestamp":1750199568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3375183"}},"subtitle":["Expected Impacts of a Complete Internet Outage with Implications for Preparedness and Design"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"GROUP","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3375183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3375183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}