{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T19:27:02Z","timestamp":1783711622972,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":42,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1305358, DBI-0939454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1305358, DBI-0939454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006602","name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA8750-16-2-0284, FA-8750-19-2-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA8750-16-2-0284, FA-8750-19-2-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3375706.3380558","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T19:35:07Z","timestamp":1584041707000},"page":"23-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ransomware Targeting Automobiles"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Pranshu","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Enbody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty H.C.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2019. http:\/\/www.qnx.com  2019. http:\/\/www.qnx.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2019. https:\/\/www.exploit-db.com\/exploits\/21520  2019. https:\/\/www.exploit-db.com\/exploits\/21520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"The GENIVI Alliance","author":"Alliance GENIVI","unstructured":"GENIVI Alliance . 2013. The GENIVI Alliance . Vol. 28 . Online . GENIVI Alliance. 2013. The GENIVI Alliance. Vol. 28. Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Manos Antonakakis Tim April Michael Bailey Matt Bernhard Elie Bursztein Jaime Cochran Zakir Durumeric J Alex Halderman Luca Invernizzi Michalis Kallitsis etal 2017. Understanding the mirai botnet. In 26th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 17). 1093--1110.  Manos Antonakakis Tim April Michael Bailey Matt Bernhard Elie Bursztein Jaime Cochran Zakir Durumeric J Alex Halderman Luca Invernizzi Michalis Kallitsis et al. 2017. Understanding the mirai botnet. In 26th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 17). 1093--1110."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRIME.2018.8376213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Information security risk management for ISO27001\/ISO27002","author":"Calder Alan","unstructured":"Alan Calder and Steve G Watkins . 2010. Information security risk management for ISO27001\/ISO27002 . It Governance Ltd . Alan Calder and Steve G Watkins. 2010. Information security risk management for ISO27001\/ISO27002. It Governance Ltd."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Security Patterns for Automotive Systems. In 2019 ACM\/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C). 54-- 63","author":"Cheng B. H. C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"B. H. C. Cheng , B. Doherty , N. Polanco , and M. Pasco . 2019 . Security Patterns for Automotive Systems. In 2019 ACM\/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C). 54-- 63 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MODELS-C. 2019 .00014 10.1109\/MODELS-C.2019.00014 B. H. C. Cheng, B. Doherty, N. Polanco, and M. Pasco. 2019. Security Patterns for Automotive Systems. In 2019 ACM\/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C). 54-- 63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MODELS-C.2019.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Stephen Cobb. 2017. RoT: Ransomware of Things.  Stephen Cobb. 2017. RoT: Ransomware of Things."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INM.2015.7140399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2669348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CHILECON.2017.8229528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCE.2018.8441743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11416-008-0092-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. In 2014 IEEE world forum on internet of things (WF-IoT)","author":"Gerla Mario","unstructured":"Mario Gerla , Eun-Kyu Lee , Giovanni Pau , and Uichin Lee . 2014. Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. In 2014 IEEE world forum on internet of things (WF-IoT) . IEEE , 241--246. Mario Gerla, Eun-Kyu Lee, Giovanni Pau, and Uichin Lee. 2014. Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. In 2014 IEEE world forum on internet of things (WF-IoT). IEEE, 241--246."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2010-01-2319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Hackers remotely kill a jeep on the highway-With me in it","volume":"7","author":"Greenberg Andy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andy Greenberg . 2015 . Hackers remotely kill a jeep on the highway-With me in it . Wired 7 (2015), 21 . Andy Greenberg. 2015. Hackers remotely kill a jeep on the highway-With me in it. Wired 7 (2015), 21.","journal-title":"Wired"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Economic analysis of ransomware. Available at SSRN 2937641","author":"Hernandez-Castro Julio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Julio Hernandez-Castro , Edward Cartwright , and Anna Stepanova . 2017. Economic analysis of ransomware. Available at SSRN 2937641 ( 2017 ). Julio Hernandez-Castro, Edward Cartwright, and Anna Stepanova. 2017. Economic analysis of ransomware. Available at SSRN 2937641 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Ben Herzog and Yaniv Balmas. 2016. Great crypto failures. (2016).  Ben Herzog and Yaniv Balmas. 2016. Great crypto failures. (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"USENIX Workshop on Microkernels and Other Kernel Architectures. 113--126","author":"Hildebrand Dan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dan Hildebrand . 1992 . An Architectural Overview of QNX .. In USENIX Workshop on Microkernels and Other Kernel Architectures. 113--126 . Dan Hildebrand. 1992. An Architectural Overview of QNX.. In USENIX Workshop on Microkernels and Other Kernel Architectures. 113--126."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"M-Tahar Kechadi, and Nhien-An Le-Khac.","author":"Jacobs Daniel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daniel Jacobs , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , M-Tahar Kechadi, and Nhien-An Le-Khac. 2017 . Volkswagen Car Entertainment System Forensics. In 2017 IEEE Trustcom\/BigDataSE\/ICESS. IEEE , 699--705. Daniel Jacobs, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, M-Tahar Kechadi, and Nhien-An Le-Khac. 2017. Volkswagen Car Entertainment System Forensics. In 2017 IEEE Trustcom\/BigDataSE\/ICESS. IEEE, 699--705."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0735648X.2019.1692425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20550-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2010.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Rob Krten. 1999. Getting started with QNX Neutrino 2: a guide for realtime programmers. PARSE Software Devices.  Rob Krten. 1999. Getting started with QNX Neutrino 2: a guide for realtime programmers. PARSE Software Devices."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AsiaJCIS.2018.00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1983.1654445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIES.2009.5196223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Hacking the human: social engineering techniques and security countermeasures","author":"Mann Ian","unstructured":"Ian Mann . 2017. Hacking the human: social engineering techniques and security countermeasures . Routledge . Ian Mann. 2017. Hacking the human: social engineering techniques and security countermeasures. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Black Hat USA 2015","author":"Miller Charlie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek . 2015 . Remote exploitation of an unaltered passenger vehicle . Black Hat USA 2015 (2015), 91. Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek. 2015. Remote exploitation of an unaltered passenger vehicle. Black Hat USA 2015 (2015), 91."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems. Springer, 11--28","author":"Palisse Aur\u00e9lien","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aur\u00e9lien Palisse , H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Le Bouder , Jean-Louis Lanet , Colas Le Guernic , and Axel Legay . 2016 . Ransomware and the legacy crypto API . In International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems. Springer, 11--28 . Aur\u00e9lien Palisse, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Le Bouder, Jean-Louis Lanet, Colas Le Guernic, and Axel Legay. 2016. Ransomware and the legacy crypto API. In International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems. Springer, 11--28."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Method and apparatus for security assessment of a computing platform","volume":"8","author":"Podjarny Guy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guy Podjarny and Ory Segal . 2014 . Method and apparatus for security assessment of a computing platform . US Patent 8 , 650 ,651. Guy Podjarny and Ory Segal. 2014. Method and apparatus for security assessment of a computing platform. US Patent 8,650,651.","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Ransomware: Evolution, mitigation and prevention","volume":"13","author":"Richardson Ronny","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ronny Richardson and Max M North . 2017 . Ransomware: Evolution, mitigation and prevention . International Management Review 13 , 1 (2017), 10 . Ronny Richardson and Max M North. 2017. Ransomware: Evolution, mitigation and prevention. International Management Review 13, 1 (2017), 10.","journal-title":"International Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Ivan Ristic. 2013. OpenSSL Cookbook: A Guide to the Most Frequently Used OpenSSL Features and Commands. Feisty Duck.  Ivan Ristic. 2013. OpenSSL Cookbook: A Guide to the Most Frequently Used OpenSSL Features and Commands. Feisty Duck."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97925-0_43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Evidential Study of Ransomware: Cryptoviral Infections and Countermeasures. ISACA Journal 5","author":"Sood Aditya K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aditya K Sood , Pranshu Bajpai , and Richard Enbody . 2018. Evidential Study of Ransomware: Cryptoviral Infections and Countermeasures. ISACA Journal 5 ( 2018 ). Aditya K Sood, Pranshu Bajpai, and Richard Enbody. 2018. Evidential Study of Ransomware: Cryptoviral Infections and Countermeasures. ISACA Journal 5 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Robert Bosch GmbH","author":"Specification CAN","year":"1991","unstructured":"CAN Specification . 1991. Version 2.0. Robert Bosch GmbH ( 1991 ). CAN Specification. 1991. Version 2.0. Robert Bosch GmbH (1991)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Proc. Embedded Security in Cars Conference (escar) Europe.","author":"Lambert R","year":"2017","unstructured":"MarkoWolf, R Lambert , T Enderle , and AD Schmidt . 2017 . Wanna Drive? Feasible Attack Paths and Effective Protection Against Ransomware in Modern Vehicles . In Proc. Embedded Security in Cars Conference (escar) Europe. MarkoWolf, R Lambert, T Enderle, and AD Schmidt. 2017. Wanna Drive? Feasible Attack Paths and Effective Protection Against Ransomware in Modern Vehicles. In Proc. Embedded Security in Cars Conference (escar) Europe."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2017.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2302386"}],"event":{"name":"CODASPY '20: Tenth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy","location":"New Orleans LA USA","acronym":"CODASPY '20","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Second ACM Workshop on Automotive and Aerial Vehicle Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3375706.3380558","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3375706.3380558","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3375706.3380558","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3375706.3380558","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:38:15Z","timestamp":1750199895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3375706.3380558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3375706.3380558","10.1145\/3375706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3375706.3380558","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}