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Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Since ancient Greece, handshaking has been commonly practiced between two people as a friendly gesture to express trust and respect, or form a mutual agreement. In this article, we show that such\n            <jats:italic>physical<\/jats:italic>\n            contact can be used to bootstrap secure\n            <jats:italic>cyber<\/jats:italic>\n            contact between the smart devices worn by users. The key observation is that during handshaking, although belonged to two different users, the two hands involved in the shaking events are often rigidly connected, and therefore exhibit very similar motion patterns. We propose a novel key generation system, which harvests motion data during user handshaking from the wrist-worn smart devices such as smartwatches or fitness bands, and exploits the matching motion patterns to generate symmetric keys on both parties. The generated keys can be then used to establish a secure communication channel for exchanging data between devices. This provides a much more natural and user-friendly alternative for many applications, e.g., exchanging\/sharing contact details, friending on social networks, or even making payments, since it doesn\u2019t involve extra bespoke hardware, nor require the users to perform pre-defined gestures. We implement the proposed key generation system on off-the-shelf smartwatches, and extensive evaluation shows that it can reliably generate 128-bit symmetric keys just after around 1s of handshaking (with success rate &gt;99%), and is resilient to different types of attacks including impersonate mimicking attacks, impersonate passive attacks, or eavesdropping attacks. Specifically, for real-time impersonate mimicking attacks, in our experiments, the Equal Error Rate (EER) is only 1.6% on average. We also show that the proposed key generation system can be extremely lightweight and is able to run in-situ on the resource-constrained smartwatches without incurring excessive resource consumption.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3378669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T09:41:53Z","timestamp":1586425313000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Securing Cyber-Physical Social Interactions on Wrist-Worn Devices"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yiran","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software 8 C-FAIR, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3755-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowen","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Conventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weitao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengwen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastleupon-Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software 8 C-FAIR, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongkai","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Conventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"908","article-title":"Devices and methods for transferring data through a human body","volume":"8","author":"Amento Brian","year":"2014","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2016.7457172"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops\u201916)","author":"Bhattacharya Sourav"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Key generation based on acceleration data of shaking processes. 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[n.d.]. Social Wearable Smartband with Display and Sensor. Retrieved from https:\/\/www2.razerzone.com\/nabu.  Razer Nabu. [n.d.]. Social Wearable Smartband with Display and Sensor. Retrieved from https:\/\/www2.razerzone.com\/nabu."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Apple Newsroom. 2017. Watch Series 3 brings built-in cellular powerful new health and fitness enhancements. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.apple.com\/au\/newsroom\/2017\/09\/apple-watch-series-3-features-built-in-cellular-and-more\/.  Apple Newsroom. 2017. Watch Series 3 brings built-in cellular powerful new health and fitness enhancements. 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