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Privacy concerns can strongly influence users' decision to use a service. The Internet Users Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC) construct is one operationalization to measure the impact of privacy concerns on the use of technologies. However, when applied to a privacy enhancing technology (PET) such as an anonymization service, the original rationales do not hold anymore. In particular, an inverted impact of trusting and risk beliefs on behavioral intentions can be expected. We show that the IUIPC model needs to be adapted for the case of PETs. In addition, we extend the original causal model by including trusting beliefs in the anonymization service itself as well as a measure for privacy literacy. A survey among 124 users of the anonymization service Tor shows that trust in Tor has a statistically significant effect on the actual use behavior of the PET. In addition, the results indicate that privacy literacy has a negative impact on trusting beliefs in general and a positive effect on trust in Tor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3380799.3380805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T22:20:01Z","timestamp":1579645201000},"page":"51-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["How Privacy Concerns, Trust and Risk Beliefs, and Privacy Literacy Influence Users' Intentions to Use Privacy-Enhancing Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Harborth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2017424.2017430"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","series-title":"Regulation series","volume-title":"The underestimated economic benefits of the internet","author":"B\u00e9dard M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"14th Annual Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS), 1--33","author":"Benenson Z.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1481-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Laws, pets and other technologies for privacy protection","volume":"1","author":"Borking J. 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