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In contrast, utility-driven approaches determine optimal decisions by using an often costly optimization, which typically does not scale for large problems. We propose a rule-based and utility-driven adaptation scheme that achieves the benefits of both directions such that the adaptation decisions are optimal, whereas the computation scales by avoiding an expensive optimization. We use this adaptation scheme for architecture-based self-healing of large software systems. For this purpose, we define the utility for large dynamic architectures of such systems based on patterns that define issues the self-healing must address. Moreover, we use pattern-based adaptation rules to resolve these issues. Using a pattern-based scheme to define the utility and adaptation rules allows us to compute the impact of each rule application on the overall utility and to realize an incremental and efficient utility-driven self-healing. In addition to formally analyzing the computational effort and optimality of the proposed scheme, we thoroughly demonstrate its scalability and optimality in terms of reward in comparative experiments with a static rule-based approach as a baseline and a utility-driven approach using a constraint solver. These experiments are based on different failure profiles derived from real-world failure logs. We also investigate the impact of different failure profile characteristics on the scalability and reward to evaluate the robustness of the different approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3380965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T12:27:41Z","timestamp":1582633661000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Improving Scalability and Reward of Utility-Driven Self-Healing for Large Dynamic Architectures"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0697-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sona","family":"Ghahremani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7127-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS\u201914)","author":"Paez Anaya Ivan Dario","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ivan Dario Paez Anaya , Viliam Simko , Johann Bourcier , Noel Plouzeau , and Jean-Marc J\u00e9z\u00e9quel . 2014 . 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