{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:24:56Z","timestamp":1750220696069,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing social acceptance and openness, more and more sexual-minority men (SMM) have succeeded in creating and sustaining steady relationships in recent years. Maintaining steady relationships is beneficial to the wellbeing of SMM both mentally and physically. However, the relationship maintaining for them is also challenging due to the much less supports compared to the heterosexual couples, so that it is important to identify those SMM in steady relationship and provide corresponding personalized assistance. Furthermore, knowing SMM's relationship and the correlations with other visible features is also beneficial for optimizing the social applications' functionalities in terms of privacy preserving and friends recommendation. With the prevalence of SMM-oriented social apps (called SMMSA for short), this paper investigates the relationship status of SMM from a new perspective, that is, by introducing the SMM's online digital footprints left on SMMSA (e.g., presented profile, social interactions, expressions, sentiment, and mobility trajectories). Specifically, using a filtered dataset containing 2,359 active SMMSA users with their self-reported relationship status and publicly available app usage data, we explore the correlations between SMM's relationship status and their online digital footprints on SMMSA and present a set of interesting findings. Moreover, we demonstrate that by utilizing such correlations, it has the potential to construct machine-learning-based models for relationship status inference. Finally, we elaborate on the implications of our findings from the perspective of better understanding the SMM community and improving their social welfare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3380978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T18:54:31Z","timestamp":1584557671000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Will Online Digital Footprints Reveal Your Relationship Status?"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University, lancaster, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasha","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2017.1309461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3018661.3018672"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.5.960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1644893.1644900"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30781-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0994-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2628363.2628406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1960.10.1.31"},{"volume-title":"Seeing and being seen: Co-situation and impression formation using Grindr, a location-aware gay dating app. New media & society 17, 7","year":"2015","author":"Blackwell Courtney","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Blued. 2018. Introduction of Buled. https:\/\/www.blued.com\/cn\/aboutus.html.  Blued. 2018. Introduction of Buled. https:\/\/www.blued.com\/cn\/aboutus.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1096894"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"577","article-title":"Collective data-sanitization for preventing sensitive information inference attacks in social networks","volume":"15","author":"Cai Zhipeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"volume-title":"Faster and riskier?: Online context of sex seeking among men who have sex with men in China. Sexually transmitted diseases 44, 4","year":"2017","author":"Cao Bolin","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1"},{"volume-title":"Oncology nursing forum","author":"Capistrant Benjamin D","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"How sociocultural context matters in self-presentation: A comparison of US and Chinese profiles on Jack'd, a mobile dating app for men who have sex with men","volume":"10","author":"Chan Lik Sam","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dustin T Duncan William C Goedel Christopher B Stults William J Brady Forrest A Brooks Jermaine S Blakely and Daniel Hagen. 2018. A study of intimate partner violence substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors among gay bisexual and other men who have sex with men in a sample of geosocial-networking smartphone application users. American journal of men's health 12 2 (2018) 292--301.  Dustin T Duncan William C Goedel Christopher B Stults William J Brady Forrest A Brooks Jermaine S Blakely and Daniel Hagen. 2018. A study of intimate partner violence substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors among gay bisexual and other men who have sex with men in a sample of geosocial-networking smartphone application users. American journal of men's health 12 2 (2018) 292--301.","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316631964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173683"},{"volume-title":"Same-sex Marriage and the Constitution","author":"Gerstmann Evan","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1400254"},{"volume-title":"The role of marriage in fighting HIV: A quantitative illustration for Malawi. American economic review 107, 5","year":"2017","author":"Greenwood Jeremy","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-012-9127-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407517746787"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2389176.2389203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1440783316662718"},{"volume-title":"Attriguard: A practical defense against attribute inference attacks via adversarial machine learning. In 27th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 18). 513--529.","year":"2018","author":"Jia Jinyuan","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1"},{"volume-title":"Bearing witness: Gay men's health crisis and the politics of AIDS","author":"Kayal Philip M","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2015.1006750"},{"volume-title":"Social networking smartphone applications and sexual health outcomes among men who have sex with men. PloS one 9, 1","year":"2014","author":"Lehmiller Justin J","key":"e_1_2_1_31_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2008.2007853","article-title":"Exploratory undersampling for class-imbalance learning","volume":"39","author":"Liu Xu-Ying","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Bruce MacEvoy. 2009. Color temperature.  Bruce MacEvoy. 2009. Color temperature."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12090"},{"volume-title":"Gaydar culture: Gay men, technology and embodiment in the digital age","author":"Mowlabocus Sharif","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315583822"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Andrew Y Ng and Michael I Jordan. 2002. On discriminative vs. generative classifiers: A comparison of logistic regression and naive bayes. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 841--848.  Andrew Y Ng and Michael I Jordan. 2002. On discriminative vs. generative classifiers: A comparison of logistic regression and naive bayes. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 841--848."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2012.01032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555150202800601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524578"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0160597613481727"},{"volume-title":"Statistical and Machine-Learning Data Mining:: Techniques for Better Predictive Modeling and Analysis of Big Data","author":"Ratner Bruce","key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b11508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-005-7907-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123266.3123331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2016.2516994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025775"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-015-9288-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12155"},{"volume-title":"Gay men and anal eroticism: Tops, bottoms, and versatiles","author":"Underwood Steven G","key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203057216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2632048.2636070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ETIN.0000047476.05912.3d"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2888116.2888374"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3018661.3018663"},{"volume-title":"Same-sex legal marriage and psychological well-being: findings from the California Health Interview Survey. American journal of public health 103, 2","year":"2013","author":"Wight Richard G","key":"e_1_2_1_55_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.911811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12560"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1093597"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3097983.3098141"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3380978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3380978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:32:46Z","timestamp":1750199566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3380978"}},"subtitle":["An Empirical Study of Social Applications for Sexual-Minority Men"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3380978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3380978","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2474-9567"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}