{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T11:17:46Z","timestamp":1773141466897,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trans. Soc. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aims to explore participants\u2019 experiences in interacting with a facial emoji Likert scale in online surveys to understand their perceptions, interpretations, and opinions of emojis in online surveys. A qualitative research approach has been adopted. This article contributes to the existing body of knowledge on emojis and online survey questionnaires by presenting a detailed exploratory qualitative study of 42 participants\u2019 insights, perceptions, and interpretations of the facial emoji Likert scale in a specific context (i.e., a course evaluation survey). The data analysis reveals seven categories that emerged from the transcribed interviews and the interviewers\u2019 written notes from the cognitive interviews regarding participants\u2019 perceptions of interacting with the facial emoji\u2013based Likert scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3382505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T08:09:04Z","timestamp":1588579744000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Exploring and Understanding Participants\u2019 Perceptions of Facial Emoji Likert Scales in Online Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Alismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Claremont Graduate University, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Hengwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Claremont Graduate University, CA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Social Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3382505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3382505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:38:26Z","timestamp":1750199906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3382505"}},"subtitle":["A Qualitative Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3382505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3382505","relation":{},"ISSN":["2469-7818","2469-7826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2469-7818","type":"print"},{"value":"2469-7826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}