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Lang."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The ML family of strict functional languages, which includes F#, OCaml, and Standard ML, evolved from the\n            <jats:italic>Meta Language<\/jats:italic>\n            of the LCF theorem proving system developed by Robin Milner and his research group at the University of Edinburgh in the 1970s. This paper focuses on the history of Standard ML, which plays a central role in this family of languages, as it was the first to include the complete set of features that we now associate with the name \u201cML\u201d (i.e., polymorphic type inference, datatypes with pattern matching, modules, exceptions, and mutable state).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            Standard ML, and the ML family of languages, have had enormous influence on the world of programming language design and theory. ML is the foremost exemplar of a functional programming language with strict evaluation (call-by-value) and static typing. The use of parametric polymorphism in its type system, together with the automatic inference of such types, has influenced a wide variety of modern languages (where polymorphism is often referred to as\n            <jats:italic>generics<\/jats:italic>\n            ). It has popularized the idea of datatypes with associated case analysis by pattern matching. The module system of Standard ML extends the notion of type-level parameterization to large-scale programming with the notion of parametric modules, or\n            <jats:italic>functors<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Standard ML also set a precedent by being a language whose design included a formal definition with an associated metatheory of mathematical proofs (such as soundness of the type system). A formal definition was one of the explicit goals from the beginning of the project. While some previous languages had rigorous definitions, these definitions were not integral to the design process, and the formal part was limited to the language syntax and possibly dynamic semantics or static semantics, but not both.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            The paper covers the early history of ML, the subsequent efforts to define a\n            <jats:italic>standard<\/jats:italic>\n            ML language, and the development of its major features and its formal definition. We also review the impact that the language had on programming-language research.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3386336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T16:22:59Z","timestamp":1591978979000},"page":"1-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The history of Standard ML"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"David","family":"MacQueen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Reppy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0055513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.ps.uni-saarland. de\/alice\/ Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200201104850\/http:\/\/www.ps.uni-saarland.de\/ alice\/ (1","author":"Alice Universit\u00e4t","year":"2020","unstructured":"Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes 2014. Alice . Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes , Saarb\u00fccken, Germany (July). http:\/\/www.ps.uni-saarland. de\/alice\/ Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200201104850\/http:\/\/www.ps.uni-saarland.de\/ alice\/ (1 Feb. 2020 10:48:50) Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes 2014. Alice. Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Saarb\u00fccken, Germany (July). http:\/\/www.ps.uni-saarland. de\/alice\/ Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200201104850\/http:\/\/www.ps.uni-saarland.de\/ alice\/ (1 Feb. 2020 10:48:50)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-54444-5_83"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(87)90175-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01811537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380190206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01807697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Compiling with Continuations","author":"Appel Andrew W.","unstructured":"Andrew W. Appel . 1992. Compiling with Continuations . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge, UK . Andrew W. Appel. 1992. Compiling with Continuations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0956796800000836"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proposed interface for Standard ML Stream I\/O","author":"Appel Andrew W.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andrew W. Appel . 1994. Proposed interface for Standard ML Stream I\/O . Nov. 1994 . 24 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/io.94-11-14.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200314181846\/http:\/\/sml-family. org\/history\/io.94-11-14.pdf (14 March 2020 18:18:46) Andrew W. Appel. 1994. Proposed interface for Standard ML Stream I\/O. Nov. 1994. 24 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/io.94-11-14.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200314181846\/http:\/\/sml-family. org\/history\/io.94-11-14.pdf (14 March 2020 18:18:46)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proposed interface for Standard ML Stream I\/O","author":"Appel Andrew W.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Andrew W. Appel . 1995. Proposed interface for Standard ML Stream I\/O . July 1995 . 24 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/io.95-07-13.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200315172956\/http:\/\/sml-family. org\/history\/io.95-07-13.pdf (15 March 2020 17:29:56) Andrew W. Appel. 1995. Proposed interface for Standard ML Stream I\/O. July 1995. 24 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/io.95-07-13.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200315172956\/http:\/\/sml-family. org\/history\/io.95-07-13.pdf (15 March 2020 17:29:56)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Modern Compiler Implementation in ML","author":"Appel Andrew W.","unstructured":"Andrew W. Appel . 1998. Modern Compiler Implementation in ML . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge, UK . Andrew W. Appel. 1998. Modern Compiler Implementation in ML. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"A New Initial Basis for Standard ML (Draft)","author":"Appel Andrew W.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andrew W. Appel , Dave Berry , Emden R. Gansner , Lal George , Lorenz Huelsbergen , Dave MacQueen , and John Reppy . 1994. A New Initial Basis for Standard ML (Draft) . March 1994 . 74 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/basis-1994-03-05.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200313180417\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/basis-1994-03-05.pdf (13 March 2020 18:04:17) Draft design document dated March 5, 1994. Andrew W. Appel, Dave Berry, Emden R. Gansner, Lal George, Lorenz Huelsbergen, Dave MacQueen, and John Reppy. 1994. A New Initial Basis for Standard ML (Draft). March 1994. 74 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/basis-1994-03-05.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200313180417\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/basis-1994-03-05.pdf (13 March 2020 18:04:17) Draft design document dated March 5, 1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378795.378854"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/75277.75303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-18317-5_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/178243.178245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01807505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0022243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1988915.1988929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1328438.1328443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","series-title":"Volume 2","volume-title":"Handbook of Logic in Computer Science","author":"Barendregt H. P.","unstructured":"H. P. Barendregt . 1992. Lambda calculi with types . In Handbook of Logic in Computer Science ( Volume 2 ) . Oxford University Press , Oxford, UK , 117\u2013309. H. P. Barendregt. 1992. Lambda calculi with types. In Handbook of Logic in Computer Science (Volume 2). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 117\u2013309."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/6.2.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Tree Pattern Matching for ML (extended abstract)","author":"Baudinet Marianne","year":"1985","unstructured":"Marianne Baudinet and David MacQueen . 1985. Tree Pattern Matching for ML (extended abstract) . Dec. 1985 . http:\/\/smlfamily.org\/history\/Baudinet-DM-tree-pat-match-12-85.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/ 20200316180154\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Baudinet-DM-tree-pat-match-12-85.pdf (16 March 2020 18:01:54) Marianne Baudinet and David MacQueen. 1985. 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Debugging Type Errors (Full Version). Technical Report. State University of New York and Stony Brook . Karen L. Bernstein and Eugene W. Stark. 1995. Debugging Type Errors (Full Version). Technical Report. State University of New York and Stony Brook."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/182590.182431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1571-0661(05)80452-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1159803.1159836"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89330-1_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/325478.325518"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (II)","author":"Burstall R.","unstructured":"R. Burstall and J. Goguen . 1977. Putting theories together to make specifications . In Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (II) ( Cambridge, MA, USA), Raj Reddy (Ed.). AAAI Press, Palo Alto, CA, USA (Aug.), 1045\u20131058. R. Burstall and J. Goguen. 1977. Putting theories together to make specifications. In Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (II) (Cambridge, MA, USA), Raj Reddy (Ed.). AAAI Press, Palo Alto, CA, USA (Aug.), 1045\u20131058."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"The Software Revolution: Proceedings of the Infotech State of the Art Conference","author":"Burstall Rod M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Rod M. Burstall . 1977 . Design Considerations for a Functional Programming Language . In The Software Revolution: Proceedings of the Infotech State of the Art Conference ( Copenhagen, Denmark). Infotech and Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK (Oct.), 45\u201357. Rod M. Burstall. 1977. Design Considerations for a Functional Programming Language. In The Software Revolution: Proceedings of the Infotech State of the Art Conference (Copenhagen, Denmark). Infotech and Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK (Oct.), 45\u201357."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Rod M. Burstall J. S. Collins and R. J. Popplestone. 1977. Programming in POP-2. Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh UK.  Rod M. Burstall J. S. Collins and R. J. Popplestone. 1977. Programming in POP-2. Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/321992.321996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Burstall and Peter Landin","author":"Rod","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rod M. Burstall and Peter Landin . 1969 . Programs and their Proofs: an Algebraic Approach. In Machine Intelligence, B. Meltzer and D. Michie (Eds.). Vol. 4 . Elsevier , New York, NY, USA, 17\u201343. Rod M. Burstall and Peter Landin. 1969. Programs and their Proofs: an Algebraic Approach. In Machine Intelligence, B. Meltzer and D. Michie (Eds.). Vol. 4. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, 17\u201343."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800087.802799"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Rod M. Burstall and R. J. Popplestone. 1968. POP-2 reference manual. In Machine Intelligence 2 E. Dale and D. Mitchie (Eds.). Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh UK 207\u201346.  Rod M. Burstall and R. J. Popplestone. 1968. POP-2 reference manual. In Machine Intelligence 2 E. Dale and D. Mitchie (Eds.). Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh UK 207\u201346."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"\u00dcber eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen","volume":"77","author":"Cantor Georg","year":"1874","unstructured":"Georg Cantor . 1874 . \u00dcber eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen . Journal f\u00fcr die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 77 , 258 \u2013 262 . Georg Cantor. 1874. \u00dcber eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen. Journal f\u00fcr die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 77, 258\u2013262.","journal-title":"Journal f\u00fcr die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"The ML Abstract Machine","author":"Cardelli Luca","year":"1980","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli . 1980a. The ML Abstract Machine . Nov. 1980 . http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-ML-abstract-machine1980.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200316\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/CardelliML-abstract-machine-1980.pdf (16 March 2020) Early description of the ML abstract machine (AM), precursor to the FAM. Luca Cardelli. 1980a. The ML Abstract Machine. Nov. 1980. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-ML-abstract-machine1980.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200316\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/CardelliML-abstract-machine-1980.pdf (16 March 2020) Early description of the ML abstract machine (AM), precursor to the FAM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"A Module Exchange Format","author":"Cardelli Luca","year":"1980","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli . 1980b. A Module Exchange Format . Dec. 1980 . http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-MEX-1980_12.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200316202334\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-MEX-1980_12.pdf (16 March 2020 20:23:34) Description of a textual format for exporting internal ML data structures. Luca Cardelli. 1980b. A Module Exchange Format. Dec. 1980. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-MEX-1980_12.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200316202334\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-MEX-1980_12.pdf (16 March 2020 20:23:34) Description of a textual format for exporting internal ML data structures."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Differences Between VAX and DEC-10 ML","author":"Cardelli Luca","year":"1981","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli . 1981. Differences Between VAX and DEC-10 ML . March 1981 . 8 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardellimlchanges_doc-1982_03.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317193405\/http:\/\/smlfamily.org\/history\/Cardelli-mlchanges_doc-1982_03.pdf (17 March 2020 19:34:05) Luca Cardelli. 1981. Differences Between VAX and DEC-10 ML. March 1981. 8 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardellimlchanges_doc-1982_03.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317193405\/http:\/\/smlfamily.org\/history\/Cardelli-mlchanges_doc-1982_03.pdf (17 March 2020 19:34:05)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli. 1982b. Edinburgh ML. March 1982. 2 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-Edinburgh-ML-README-1982_03.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317194022\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/ Cardelli-Edinburgh-ML-README-1982_03.pdf (17 March 2020 19:40:22) README file for VAX ML (ML under VMS) distribution.  Luca Cardelli. 1982b. Edinburgh ML. March 1982. 2 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-Edinburgh-ML-README-1982_03.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317194022\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/ Cardelli-Edinburgh-ML-README-1982_03.pdf (17 March 2020 19:40:22) README file for VAX ML (ML under VMS) distribution."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","first-page":"0","article-title":"Known VAX-ML System Locations. Polymorphism","author":"Cardelli Luca","year":"1982","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli . 1982 c. Known VAX-ML System Locations. Polymorphism : The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I , 0 (Nov.), 4\u2013 5. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%200.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https: \/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190225153220\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%200.pdf (25 Feb. 2019 15:32:20) Luca Cardelli. 1982c. Known VAX-ML System Locations. Polymorphism: The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I, 0 (Nov.), 4\u2013 5. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%200.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https: \/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190225153220\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%200.pdf (25 Feb. 2019 15:32:20)","journal-title":"The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"ML under VMS. Department of Computer Science","author":"Cardelli Luca","year":"1982","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli . 1982d. ML under VMS. Department of Computer Science , University of Edinburgh. http :\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/Cardelli-ML-VMS-manual- 1982 .pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317193823\/ http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-ML-VMS-manual-1982.pdf (17 March 2020 19:38:23) Manual for ML under VMS. Luca Cardelli. 1982d. ML under VMS. Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/Cardelli-ML-VMS-manual-1982.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317193823\/ http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Cardelli-ML-VMS-manual-1982.pdf (17 March 2020 19:38:23) Manual for ML under VMS."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Functional Abstract Machine. Polymorphism","author":"Cardelli Luca","year":"1983","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli . 1983 a. The Functional Abstract Machine. Polymorphism : The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I , 1 (Jan.), 16\u2013 52. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%201.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https: \/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190307022704\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%201.pdf (7 March 2019 02:27:04) Luca Cardelli. 1983a. The Functional Abstract Machine. Polymorphism: The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I, 1 (Jan.), 16\u2013 52. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%201.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https: \/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190307022704\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%201.pdf (7 March 2019 02:27:04)","journal-title":"The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli. 1983b. ML under Unix. Bell Laboratories (Aug.). Manual for ML under Unix Pose 2.  Luca Cardelli. 1983b. ML under Unix. Bell Laboratories (Aug.). Manual for ML under Unix Pose 2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Stream Input\/Output. Polymorphism","author":"Cardelli Luca","year":"1983","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli . 1983 c. Stream Input\/Output. Polymorphism : The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I , 3 (Dec.), 9. http:\/\/lucacardelli. name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/ 20190307145556\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf (7 March 2019 14:55:56) Luca Cardelli. 1983c. Stream Input\/Output. Polymorphism: The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I, 3 (Dec.), 9. http:\/\/lucacardelli. name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/ 20190307145556\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf (7 March 2019 14:55:56)","journal-title":"The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800055.802037"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"Luca Cardelli. 1984b. ML under Unix. Bell Laboratories (April). Manual for ML under Unix Pose 4.  Luca Cardelli. 1984b. ML under Unix. Bell Laboratories (April). 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Pascal User Manual and Report ( 2 nd ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY , USA. Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth. 1978. Pascal User Manual and Report (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/512644.512649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0039592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0053589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3975(96)00163-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_170_1","series-title":"Applied Logic Series","volume-title":"A Modern Perspective on Type Theory: From its Origins until Today","author":"Kamareddine Fairouz","unstructured":"Fairouz Kamareddine , Twan Laan , and Rob Nederpelt . 2004. A Modern Perspective on Type Theory: From its Origins until Today . Applied Logic Series , Vol. 29 . Kluwer Academic Publishers , Dordrecht\/Boston\/ London . Fairouz Kamareddine, Twan Laan, and Rob Nederpelt. 2004. A Modern Perspective on Type Theory: From its Origins until Today . Applied Logic Series, Vol. 29. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht\/Boston\/London."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1291151.1291179"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378795.378797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_174_1","unstructured":"Clifford D. Krumvieda. 1993. Distributed ML: Abstractions for Efficient and Fault-Tolerant Programming. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA (Aug.). Available as Technical Report TR 93-1376.  Clifford D. Krumvieda. 1993. Distributed ML: Abstractions for Efficient and Fault-Tolerant Programming. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA (Aug.). Available as Technical Report TR 93-1376."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1292535.1292538"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16478-1_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/6.4.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363744.363749"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363791.363804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-011356-2.50008-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365230.365257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010068630801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1190216.1190245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/291891.291892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/331963.331977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1250734.1250783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/158511.158632"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/174675.176926"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/199448.199476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0956796800001933"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/301618.301667"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_193_1","unstructured":"Mark Lillibridge. 1997. Translucent Sums: A Foundation for Higher-Order Module Systems. Ph.D. Dissertation. School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA (May).  Mark Lillibridge. 1997. Translucent Sums: A Foundation for Higher-Order Module Systems. Ph.D. Dissertation. School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA (May)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_194_1","volume-title":"ML with callcc is unsound. . Posting to Types mailing list","author":"Lillibridge Mark","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mark Lillibridge and Robert Harper . 1991. ML with callcc is unsound. . Posting to Types mailing list . July 1991 . https:\/\/www. seas.upenn.edu\/~sweirich\/types\/archive\/1991\/msg00034.html Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/ web\/20150116061224\/https:\/\/www.seas.upenn.edu\/~sweirich\/types\/archive\/1991\/msg00034.html (16 Feb. 2015 06:12:24) Example of ML type unsoundness caused by first-class continuations. Mark Lillibridge and Robert Harper. 1991. ML with callcc is unsound. . Posting to Types mailing list. July 1991. https:\/\/www. seas.upenn.edu\/~sweirich\/types\/archive\/1991\/msg00034.html Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/ web\/20150116061224\/https:\/\/www.seas.upenn.edu\/~sweirich\/types\/archive\/1991\/msg00034.html (16 Feb. 2015 06:12:24) Example of ML type unsoundness caused by first-class continuations."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/234286.1057810"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0035014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359763.359789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_198_1","unstructured":"P. Lucas P. Lauer and H. Stigleitner. 1968. Method and notation for the formal definition of programming languages. Technical Report TR 25.037. IBM Laboratory Vienna Vienna Austria (June).  P. Lucas P. Lauer and H. Stigleitner. 1968. Method and notation for the formal definition of programming languages. Technical Report TR 25.037. IBM Laboratory Vienna Vienna Austria (June)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_200_1","volume-title":"Modified Damas Algorithm for Typechecking with References","author":"MacQueen David","year":"1983","unstructured":"David MacQueen . 1983a. Modified Damas Algorithm for Typechecking with References . March 1983 . 6 pages. http:\/\/smlfamily.org\/history\/MacQueen-typechecking-refs-1983_03_22.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive. org\/web\/20200316202127\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/MacQueen-typechecking-refs-1983_03_22.pdf (16 March 2020 20:21:27) Manuscript note dated 1983.03.22. David MacQueen. 1983a. Modified Damas Algorithm for Typechecking with References. March 1983. 6 pages. http:\/\/smlfamily.org\/history\/MacQueen-typechecking-refs-1983_03_22.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive. org\/web\/20200316202127\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/MacQueen-typechecking-refs-1983_03_22.pdf (16 March 2020 20:21:27) Manuscript note dated 1983.03.22."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001650200010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_202_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on ML (ML \u201910)","author":"MacQueen David","year":"2010","unstructured":"David MacQueen . 2010 . A simple and effective method for assigning blame for type errors . In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on ML (ML \u201910) (Baltimore, MD, USA). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (Sept.), 2. David MacQueen. 2010. A simple and effective method for assigning blame for type errors. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on ML (ML \u201910) (Baltimore, MD, USA). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (Sept.), 2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_203_1","volume-title":"Record of the Standard ML Meeting","author":"MacQueen David","year":"1985","unstructured":"David MacQueen and Robin Milner . 1985 . Record of the Standard ML Meeting , Edinburgh, 6\u2013 8 June 1984. Polymorphism: The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter II, 1 (Jan.), 16. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No% 201.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190225113300\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/ Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No%201.pdf (25 Feb. 2019 11:33:00) David MacQueen and Robin Milner. 1985. Record of the Standard ML Meeting, Edinburgh, 6\u20138 June 1984. Polymorphism: The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter II, 1 (Jan.), 16. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No% 201.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190225113300\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/ Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No%201.pdf (25 Feb. 2019 11:33:00)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-57880-3_27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_205_1","volume-title":"The Symposium on Functional Languages and Computer Architecture","author":"MacQueen David B.","year":"1981","unstructured":"David B. MacQueen . 1981 . Structure and parameterization in a typed functional language . In The Symposium on Functional Languages and Computer Architecture ( Aspen\u00e4s, Sweden). Laboratory for Programming Methodology, Department of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden (June), 524\u2013538. David B. MacQueen. 1981. Structure and parameterization in a typed functional language. In The Symposium on Functional Languages and Computer Architecture (Aspen\u00e4s, Sweden). Laboratory for Programming Methodology, Department of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden (June), 524\u2013538."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_206_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Modules for Standard ML. Polymorphism","author":"MacQueen David B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"David B. MacQueen . 1983 b. Modules for Standard ML. Polymorphism : The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I , 3 (Dec.), 31. http: \/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive. org\/web\/20190307145556\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf (7 March 2019 14:55:56) David B. MacQueen. 1983b. Modules for Standard ML. Polymorphism: The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter I, 3 (Dec.), 31. http: \/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive. org\/web\/20190307145556\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20I,%20No%203.pdf (7 March 2019 14:55:56)","journal-title":"The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800055.802036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_208_1","volume-title":"Dependent Types and Modular Structure","author":"MacQueen David B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"David B. MacQueen . 1985a. Dependent Types and Modular Structure . June 1985 . http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/MacQueenMarstrand-talk-1985.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200316201128\/http:\/\/sml-family. org\/history\/MacQueen-Marstrand-talk-1985.pdf (16 March 2020 20:11:28) Talk at Workshop on Specification and Derivation of Programs. David B. MacQueen. 1985a. Dependent Types and Modular Structure. June 1985. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/MacQueenMarstrand-talk-1985.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200316201128\/http:\/\/sml-family. org\/history\/MacQueen-Marstrand-talk-1985.pdf (16 March 2020 20:11:28) Talk at Workshop on Specification and Derivation of Programs."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_209_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Modules for Standard ML. Polymorphism","author":"MacQueen David B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"David B. MacQueen . 1985 b. Modules for Standard ML. Polymorphism : The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter II , 2 (Oct.), 37. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No%202.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web. archive.org\/web\/20190308005136\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No%202.pdf (8 March 2019 00:51:36) Also in Edinburgh LFCS Tech Report ECS-LFCS-86-2. David B. MacQueen. 1985b. Modules for Standard ML. Polymorphism: The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter II, 2 (Oct.), 37. http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No%202.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web. archive.org\/web\/20190308005136\/http:\/\/lucacardelli.name\/Papers\/Polymorphism%20Vol%20II,%20No%202.pdf (8 March 2019 00:51:36) Also in Edinburgh LFCS Tech Report ECS-LFCS-86-2.","journal-title":"The ML\/LCF\/Hope Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/512644.512670"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-56883-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_212_1","volume-title":"\u201cStratified systems of logic","author":"MacQueen David B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"David B. MacQueen . 2015. Notes on Newman\u2019s \u201cStratified systems of logic \u201d. May 2015 . http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/ MacQueen-Newman-talk-WG28-2015.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317195338\/ http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/MacQueen-Newman-talk-WG28-2015.pdf (17 March 2020 19:53:38) Slides for talk at IFIP Working Group 2.8 meeting, Kefalonia. David B. MacQueen. 2015. Notes on Newman\u2019s \u201cStratified systems of logic\u201d. May 2015. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/ MacQueen-Newman-talk-WG28-2015.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317195338\/ http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/MacQueen-Newman-talk-WG28-2015.pdf (17 March 2020 19:53:38) Slides for talk at IFIP Working Group 2.8 meeting, Kefalonia."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-39502-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1411304.1411311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_215_1","volume-title":"VI, 1979 . North Holland","author":"Martin-L\u00f6f Per","year":"1982","unstructured":"Per Martin-L\u00f6f . 1982 . Constructive Mathematics and Computer Programming. In Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science , VI, 1979 . North Holland , Amsterdam, Netherlands, 153\u2013175. Per Martin-L\u00f6f. 1982. Constructive Mathematics and Computer Programming. In Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, VI, 1979 . North Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 153\u2013175."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_216_1","volume-title":"Studies in Proof Theory","volume":"1","author":"Martin-L\u00f6f Per","year":"1984","unstructured":"Per Martin-L\u00f6f . 1984 . Intuitionistic Type Theory . Studies in Proof Theory , Vol. 1 . Bibliopolis, Napoli, Italy. Per Martin-L\u00f6f. 1984. Intuitionistic Type Theory. Studies in Proof Theory, Vol. 1. Bibliopolis, Napoli, Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_217_1","volume-title":"An Overview of the Poly Programming Language","author":"Matthews David C. J.","unstructured":"David C. J. Matthews . 1988. An Overview of the Poly Programming Language . In Data Types and Persistence, Malcolm P. Atkinson, Peter Buneman, and Ronald Morrison (Eds.). Springer-Verlag , New York, NY, USA , 43\u201350. David C. J. Matthews. 1988. An Overview of the Poly Programming Language. In Data Types and Persistence, Malcolm P. Atkinson, Peter Buneman, and Ronald Morrison (Eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, 43\u201350."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/367177.367199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_222_1","volume-title":"A basis for a mathematical theory of computation","author":"McCarthy John","unstructured":"John McCarthy . 1963. A basis for a mathematical theory of computation . In Computer Programming and Formal Systems, P. Braffort and D. Hirshberg (Eds.). North Holland , Amsterdam, Netherlands . John McCarthy. 1963. A basis for a mathematical theory of computation. In Computer Programming and Formal Systems, P. Braffort and D. Hirshberg (Eds.). North Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_223_1","volume-title":"Foraml Language Description Languages for Computer Programming . North Holland","author":"McCarthy John","unstructured":"John McCarthy . 1966. A formal description of a subset of ALGOL . In Foraml Language Description Languages for Computer Programming . North Holland , Amsterdam, Netherlands , 1\u201312. John McCarthy. 1966. A formal description of a subset of ALGOL. In Foraml Language Description Languages for Computer Programming . North Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/942578.807067"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(78)90014-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-10235-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_228_1","volume-title":"Changes to proposal for Standard ML","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Robin Milner . 1983a. Changes to proposal for Standard ML . May 1983 . 5 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-changes4-83.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170708224109\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-changes-4-83.pdf (8 July 2017 22:41:09) Robin Milner. 1983a. Changes to proposal for Standard ML. May 1983. 5 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-changes4-83.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170708224109\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-changes-4-83.pdf (8 July 2017 22:41:09)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_229_1","volume-title":"Discussion with Rod Burstall about precompilation","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Robin Milner . 1983b. Discussion with Rod Burstall about precompilation . June 1983 . 1 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/Milner-Burstall-precompilation-1983_06_30.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/ 20200317195454\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Milner-Burstall-precompilation-1983_06_30.pdf (17 March 2020 19:54:54) Manuscript note, dated 1983.6.30. Robin Milner. 1983b. Discussion with Rod Burstall about precompilation. June 1983. 1 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/Milner-Burstall-precompilation-1983_06_30.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/ 20200317195454\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Milner-Burstall-precompilation-1983_06_30.pdf (17 March 2020 19:54:54) Manuscript note, dated 1983.6.30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_230_1","volume-title":"A Proposal for Standard ML (second draft)","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Robin Milner . 1983c. A Proposal for Standard ML (second draft) . June 1983 . 50 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-proposal-6-83.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170705163956\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/SML-proposal-6-83.pdf (5 July 2017 16:39:56) Robin Milner. 1983c. A Proposal for Standard ML (second draft). June 1983. 50 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-proposal-6-83.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170705163956\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/SML-proposal-6-83.pdf (5 July 2017 16:39:56)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_231_1","volume-title":"A Proposal for Standard ML (TENTATIVE)","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Robin Milner . 1983d. A Proposal for Standard ML (TENTATIVE) . April 1983 . 25 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-proposal-4-83.pdf Archived at Internet Archive : https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170708224143\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/SML-proposal-4-83.pdf (8 Aug. 2017 22:41:43) Robin Milner. 1983d. A Proposal for Standard ML (TENTATIVE). April 1983. 25 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-proposal-4-83.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170708224143\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/ history\/SML-proposal-4-83.pdf (8 Aug. 2017 22:41:43)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_232_1","volume-title":"ML Meeting Skeleton Timetable.","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Robin Milner . 1984 a. ML Meeting Skeleton Timetable. June 1984. 1 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-meeting-84-schedule.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317195928\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/ SML-meeting-84-schedule.pdf (17 March 2020 19:59:28) proposed timetable for June 84 design meeting. Robin Milner. 1984a. ML Meeting Skeleton Timetable. June 1984. 1 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/SML-meeting-84-schedule.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317195928\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/ SML-meeting-84-schedule.pdf (17 March 2020 19:59:28) proposed timetable for June 84 design meeting."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800055.802035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_234_1","volume-title":"A simplified syntax for instances and module definitions, with a proposal for treating sharing specifications","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Robin Milner . 1984c. A simplified syntax for instances and module definitions, with a proposal for treating sharing specifications . May 1984 . 5 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Milner-module-notation-1984_05_23.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317195607\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Milner-module-notation1984_05_23.pdf (17 March 2020 19:56:07) Manuscript note dated 23\/5\/84, prepared for the June 1984 meeting. Robin Milner. 1984c. A simplified syntax for instances and module definitions, with a proposal for treating sharing specifications. May 1984. 5 pages. http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Milner-module-notation-1984_05_23.pdf Archived at Internet Archive: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200317195607\/http:\/\/sml-family.org\/history\/Milner-module-notation1984_05_23.pdf (17 March 2020 19:56:07) Manuscript note dated 23\/5\/84, prepared for the June 1984 meeting."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_235_1","volume-title":"The Dynamic Operational Semantics of Standard ML (3rd Draft)","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Robin Milner . 1985a. 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