{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:16:28Z","timestamp":1782317788573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We present a new fully automatic block-decomposition algorithm for feature-preserving,\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">strongly<\/jats:italic>\n            hex-dominant meshing, that yields results with a drastically larger percentage of hex elements than prior art. Our method is guided by a surface field that conforms to both surface curvature and feature lines, and exploits an ordered set of cutting loops that evenly cover the input surface, defining an arrangement of loops suitable for hex-element generation. We decompose the solid into coarse blocks by iteratively cutting it with surfaces bounded by these loops. The vast majority of the obtained blocks can be turned into hexahedral cells via simple midpoint subdivision. Our method produces pure hexahedral meshes in approximately 80% of the cases, and hex-dominant meshes with less than 2% non-hexahedral cells in the remaining cases. We demonstrate the robustness of our method on 70+ models, including CAD objects with features of various complexity, organic and synthetic shapes, and provide extensive comparisons to prior art, demonstrating its superiority.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T11:44:27Z","timestamp":1597232667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["<i>LoopyCuts<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Livesu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR IMATI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Pietroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Puppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Sheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Cignoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR ISTI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proc. 5th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 13--29","author":"Blacker T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"T. Blacker. 1996. The Cooper Tool. In Proc. 5th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 13--29."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Meeting the challenge for automated conformal hexahedral meshing. In Proc. 9th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 11--20","author":"Blacker T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"T. Blacker. 2000. Meeting the challenge for automated conformal hexahedral meshing. In Proc. 9th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 11--20."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Proc. Eurographics Symp. on Geom. Proc. 193--203","author":"Boier-Martin I.","unstructured":"I. Boier-Martin, H. Rushmeier, and J. Jin. 2004. Parameterization of triangle meshes over quadrilateral domains. In Proc. Eurographics Symp. on Geom. Proc. 193--203."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531383"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185606"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Proc. Eurographics Symp. on Geom. Proc. 181--190","author":"Carr N. A.","unstructured":"N. A. Carr, J. Hoberock, K. Crane, and J. C. Hart. 2006. Rectangular Multi-chart Geometry Images. In Proc. Eurographics Symp. on Geom. Proc. 181--190."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Cherchi M. Livesu and R. Scateni. 2016. Polycube Simplification for Coarse Layouts of Surfaces and Volumes. Comput. Graph. Forum 35 5 (2016) 11--20.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12959"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3323029"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Daniels II C. T. Silva and E. Cohen. 2009. Semi-regular Quadrilateral-only Remeshing from Simplified Base Domains. Comput. Graph. Forum 28 (July 2009) 1427--1435.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2016 Courses. ACM, 27","author":"de Goes F.","unstructured":"F. de Goes, M. Desbrun, and Y. Tong. 2016. Vector field processing on triangle meshes. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2016 Courses. ACM, 27."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882354"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2771589.2771590"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"An efficient method of triangulating equi-valued surfaces by using tetrahedral cells. IEICE","volume":"74","author":"Doi A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"A. Doi and A. Koide. 1991. An efficient method of triangulating equi-valued surfaces by using tetrahedral cells. IEICE Trans. Inf. and Sys. E74, 1 (1991), 214--224.","journal-title":"Trans. Inf. and Sys."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925957"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3151666.3151677"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Proc. 27th Int. Meshing Roundtable.","author":"Gao S.","unstructured":"S. Gao, Z. Zheng, R. Wang, Y. Liao, and M. Ding. 2018. Dual Surface Based Approach to Block Decomposition of Solid Models. In Proc. 27th Int. Meshing Roundtable."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766941"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073676"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130800.3130848"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13795"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.02015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"G. Guennebaud B. Jacob et al. 2010. Eigen v3. http:\/\/eigen.tuxfamily.org. (2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2602141"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024177"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.2470"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818078"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2015.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2347043.2347044"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00453-001-0027-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778856"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(94)00758-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366196"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Lin S. Jin H. Liao and Q. Jian. 2015. Quality Guaranteed All-hex Mesh Generation by a Constrained Volume Iterative Fitting Algorithm. Computer-Aided Design 67 C (2015) 107--117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2015.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201344"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Proc. 6th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 217--231","author":"Liu S.","unstructured":"S. Liu and R. Gadh. 1997. Automatic Hexahedral Mesh Generation by Recursive Convex and Swept Volume Decomposition. In Proc. 6th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 217--231."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","unstructured":"M. Livesu. 2017. cinolib: a generic programming header only C++ library for processing polygonal and polyhedral meshes. https:\/\/github.com\/mlivesu\/cinolib\/. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3151666.3151691"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766905"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508388"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcde.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2010.01785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04319-2_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0207(20000910\/20)49:1\/2<17::AID-NME920>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","volume-title":"Proc. 9th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 89--97","author":"Miyoshi K.","unstructured":"K. Miyoshi and T. Blacker. 2000. Hexahedral Mesh Generation Using Multi-Axis Cooper Algorithm. In Proc. 9th Int. Meshing Roundtable. 89--97."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Nieser U. Reitebuch and K. Polthier. 2011. CubeCover - Parameterization of 3D Volumes. Comput. Graph. Forum 30 5 (2011) 1397--1406.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.02014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","unstructured":"Steven Owen. 2009. A Survey of Unstructured Mesh Generation Technology. http:\/\/www.andrew.cmu.edu\/user\/sowen\/survey\/hexsurv.html. (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.09.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"Tracing Field-Coherent Quad","volume":"35","author":"Pietroni N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"N. Pietroni, E. Puppo, G. Marcias, R. Scopigno, and P. Cignoni. 2016. Tracing Field-Coherent Quad Layouts. Comput. GraphForum 35, 7 (2016), 485--496.","journal-title":"Layouts. Comput. GraphForum"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.10.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Ray D. Sokolov M. Reberol F. Ledoux and B. Levy. 2018. Hex-dominant meshing: mind the gap! Computer-Aided Design 102 (2018) 94--103.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01198732"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003660050020"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3225268.3225437"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2629697"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2930662"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2930662"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3065254"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13617"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015810"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12864"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","volume-title":"The VCG Library","author":"Lab Visual Computing","unstructured":"Visual Computing Lab. 2018. The VCG Library. Italian National Research Council - ISTI. http:\/\/vcg.isti.cnr.it\/vcglib\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2016.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","volume-title":"Proc. Geometric Modeling and Processing. IEEE, 107--118","author":"Yamakawa S.","unstructured":"S. Yamakawa and K. Shimada. 2002. Hex-dominant mesh generation with directionality control via packing rectangular solid cells. In Proc. Geometric Modeling and Processing. IEEE, 107--118."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","unstructured":"Q. Zhou and A. Jacobson. 2016. Thingi10k: A dataset of 10 000 3d-printing models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.04797 (2016)."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3386569.3392472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3386569.3392472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T05:38:41Z","timestamp":1750829921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3386569.3392472"}},"subtitle":["practical feature-preserving block decomposition for strongly hex-dominant meshing"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3386569.3392472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3386569.3392472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}