{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:25:18Z","timestamp":1750220718689,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":91,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3386901.3388950","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T01:27:30Z","timestamp":1591493250000},"page":"338-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["WhiteHaul"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Kassem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Kheirkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}]},{"given":"Mahesh K.","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Buneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"6Harmonics. http:\/\/www.6harmonics.com\/. 6Harmonics. http:\/\/www.6harmonics.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Adaptrum. http:\/\/www.adaptrum.com\/. Adaptrum. http:\/\/www.adaptrum.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Carlson Wireless Technologies. https:\/\/www.carlsonwireless.com\/. Carlson Wireless Technologies. https:\/\/www.carlsonwireless.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Facebook Connectivity. https:\/\/connectivity.fb.com\/high-altitude-connectivity\/. Facebook Connectivity. https:\/\/connectivity.fb.com\/high-altitude-connectivity\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"FSOC. https:\/\/x.company\/projects\/fsoc\/. FSOC. https:\/\/x.company\/projects\/fsoc\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"MLVPN. https:\/\/mlvpn.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/what_is_mlvpn.html. MLVPN. https:\/\/mlvpn.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/what_is_mlvpn.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Pycom - Next Generation Internet of Things Platform. https:\/\/pycom.io\/. Pycom - Next Generation Internet of Things Platform. https:\/\/pycom.io\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Redline Communications. https:\/\/rdlcom.com\/tv-white-space\/. Redline Communications. https:\/\/rdlcom.com\/tv-white-space\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"RF Explorer. http:\/\/j3.rf-explorer.com\/. RF Explorer. http:\/\/j3.rf-explorer.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Tegola Rural Community Wireless Access Network. http:\/\/www.tegola.org.uk\/networks.html. Tegola Rural Community Wireless Access Network. http:\/\/www.tegola.org.uk\/networks.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Universal TUN\/TAP device driver. https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/networking\/tuntap.txt. Universal TUN\/TAP device driver. https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/networking\/tuntap.txt."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"USRP B210. http:\/\/www.ettus.com\/all-products\/UB210-KIT\/. USRP B210. http:\/\/www.ettus.com\/all-products\/UB210-KIT\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Measuring the Information Society Report 2018 2018. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Pages\/publications\/misr2018.aspx\/.  Measuring the Information Society Report 2018 2018. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Pages\/publications\/misr2018.aspx\/."},{"volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2018","key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"3GPP:REL.14. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specification . Retrieved July , 2018 from https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_ts\/136300_136399\/136323\/14.03.00_60\/ts_136323v140300p.pdf. 3GPP:REL.14. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specification. Retrieved July, 2018 from https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_ts\/136300_136399\/136323\/14.03.00_60\/ts_136323v140300p.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2160673.2160698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2627788.2627794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1594977.1592573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6619570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"THE STATE OF BROADBAND 2017: BROADBAND CATALYZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","author":"Biggs P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biggs , P. , and Lozanova , Y . THE STATE OF BROADBAND 2017: BROADBAND CATALYZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT , September 2017 . https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-s\/opb\/pol\/S-POL-BROADBAND.18-2017-PDF-E.pdf. Biggs, P., and Lozanova, Y. THE STATE OF BROADBAND 2017: BROADBAND CATALYZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, September 2017. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-s\/opb\/pol\/S-POL-BROADBAND.18-2017-PDF-E.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2073290.2073292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30505-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2079296.2079307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2009.5062104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"2019","author":"Ericsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ericsson ,. Ericsson Mobility Report June 2019 , June 2019 . https:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/en\/mobility-report\/reports\/june-2019. Ericsson,. Ericsson Mobility Report June 2019, June 2019. https:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/en\/mobility-report\/reports\/june-2019.","journal-title":"Ericsson Mobility Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"ETSI. White Space Devices (WSD) Wireless Access Systems operating in the 470 MHz to 790 MHz TV broadcast band 2018. ETSI EN 301 598V2.1.1.  ETSI. White Space Devices (WSD) Wireless Access Systems operating in the 470 MHz to 790 MHz TV broadcast band 2018. ETSI EN 301 598V2.1.1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2011.5936215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IFIPNetworking.2016.7497206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1397705.1397707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"IEEE 802.11 af: A standard for TV white space spectrum sharing","author":"Flores A. B.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flores , A. B. , Guerra , R. E. , Knightly , E. W. , Ecclesine , P. , and Pandey , S . IEEE 802.11 af: A standard for TV white space spectrum sharing . IEEE Communications Magazine 51, 10 ( 2013 ), 92--100. Flores, A. B., Guerra, R. E., Knightly, E. W., Ecclesine, P., and Pandey, S. IEEE 802.11 af: A standard for TV white space spectrum sharing. IEEE Communications Magazine 51, 10 (2013), 92--100."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"2070","article-title":"Architectural guidelines for Multipath TCP development. IETF","volume":"6182","author":"Ford A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ford , A. , Raiciu , C. , Handley , M. , Barre , S. , Iyengar , J. , Architectural guidelines for Multipath TCP development. IETF , Informational RFC 6182 ( 2011 ), 2070 -- 1721 . Ford, A., Raiciu, C., Handley, M., Barre, S., Iyengar, J., et al. Architectural guidelines for Multipath TCP development. IETF, Informational RFC 6182 (2011), 2070--1721.","journal-title":"Informational RFC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc6824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3117811.3117829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1400097.1400105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2010.5457914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2015.7343852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","first-page":"735","volume-title":"16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19)","author":"Hasan S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hasan , S. , Barela , M. C. , Johnson , M. , Brewer , E. , and Heimerl , K . Scaling community cellular networks with CommunityCellularManager . In 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19) ( 2019 ), pp. 735 -- 750 . Hasan, S., Barela, M. C., Johnson, M., Brewer, E., and Heimerl, K. Scaling community cellular networks with CommunityCellularManager. In 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19) (2019), pp. 735--750."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2014.6817804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2516604.2516616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2016.2588503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7511106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2015.7343846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2016.7504141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2377677.2377710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIOPT.2007.4480107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"John Magliacane. SPLAT!: an RF Signal Propagation Loss And Terrain analysis tool. http:\/\/www.qsl.net\/kd2bd\/splat.html.  John Magliacane. SPLAT!: an RF Signal Propagation Loss And Terrain analysis tool. http:\/\/www.qsl.net\/kd2bd\/splat.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","first-page":"186","volume-title":"AFRICOMM 2016, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, December 6--7, 2016, Proceedings","volume":"208","author":"Johnson D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson , D. , Zlobinsky , N. , Lysko , A. , Lamola , M. , Hadzic , S. , Maliwatu , R. , and Densmore , M . Head to Head Battle of TV White Space and WiFi for Connecting Developing Regions. In e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries: 8th International Conference , AFRICOMM 2016, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, December 6--7, 2016, Proceedings ( 2017 ), vol. 208 , Springer , p. 186 . Johnson, D., Zlobinsky, N., Lysko, A., Lamola, M., Hadzic, S., Maliwatu, R., and Densmore, M. Head to Head Battle of TV White Space and WiFi for Connecting Developing Regions. In e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries: 8th International Conference, AFRICOMM 2016, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, December 6--7, 2016, Proceedings (2017), vol. 208, Springer, p. 186."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2016.7551351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209811.3212703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIN.2017.7899245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2013.2274462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3213775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6883488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7509375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS.2015.7098691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","first-page":"2","volume":"16","author":"Lee H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee , H. , Vahid , S. , and Moessner , K . A Survey of Radio Resource Management for Spectrum Aggregation in LTE-Advanced. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16 , 2 ( 2014 ). Lee, H., Vahid, S., and Moessner, K. A Survey of Radio Resource Management for Spectrum Aggregation in LTE-Advanced. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16, 2 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","article-title":"A Carrier Aggregation Transmitter Front End for 5-GHz WLAN 802.11 ax Application in 40-nm CMOS","author":"Liu B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu , B. , Yi , X. , Yang , K. , Liang , Z. , Feng , G. , Choi , P. , Boon , C. C. , and Li , C . A Carrier Aggregation Transmitter Front End for 5-GHz WLAN 802.11 ax Application in 40-nm CMOS . IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques ( 2019 ). Liu, B., Yi, X., Yang, K., Liang, Z., Feng, G., Choi, P., Boon, C. C., and Li, C. A Carrier Aggregation Transmitter Front End for 5-GHz WLAN 802.11 ax Application in 40-nm CMOS. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques ("},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2699359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Applications and Technology (LISAT) Conference 2014","author":"Mack J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mack , J. , and Cartmell , J . Field trial results for a Wi-Fi based spectrum sharing technology in TVWS. In IEEE Long Island Systems , Applications and Technology (LISAT) Conference 2014 ( 2014 ), IEEE, pp. 1 -- 6 . Mack, J., and Cartmell, J. Field trial results for a Wi-Fi based spectrum sharing technology in TVWS. In IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology (LISAT) Conference 2014 (2014), IEEE, pp. 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LANMAN.2007.4295974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2973750.2973769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"No. 232","author":"International Cables","year":"2014","unstructured":"OECD. International Cables , Gateways , Backhaul and International Exchange Points. OECD Digital Economy Papers , No. 232 , OECD Publishing , Paris ( 2014 ). OECD. International Cables, Gateways, Backhaul and International Exchange Points. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 232, OECD Publishing, Paris (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Dec","author":"Ofcom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ofcom . Fees for Spectrum Access 28 GHz Licences. https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/___data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0028\/80938\/28_ghz_fee_statement.pdf , Dec 2015 . Ofcom. Fees for Spectrum Access 28 GHz Licences. https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/___data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0028\/80938\/28_ghz_fee_statement.pdf, Dec 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"July","author":"Ofcom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ofcom . Airwaves opened up to support wireless revolution , July 2019 . https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/about-ofcom\/latest\/features-and-news\/airwaves-opened-up-to-support-wireless-revolution. Ofcom. Airwaves opened up to support wireless revolution, July 2019. https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/about-ofcom\/latest\/features-and-news\/airwaves-opened-up-to-support-wireless-revolution."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2009.5062261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6685761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"WiLDNet: Design and Implementation of High Performance WiFi Based Long Distance Networks. In NSDI","volume":"1","author":"Patra R. K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patra , R. K. , Nedevschi , S. , Surana , S. , Sheth , A. , Subramanian , L. , and Brewer , E. A . WiLDNet: Design and Implementation of High Performance WiFi Based Long Distance Networks. In NSDI ( 2007 ), vol. 1 , p. 1 . Patra, R. K., Nedevschi, S., Surana, S., Sheth, A., Subramanian, L., and Brewer, E. A. WiLDNet: Design and Implementation of High Performance WiFi Based Long Distance Networks. In NSDI (2007), vol. 1, p. 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc6356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experiences in using WiFi for rural internet","volume":"45","author":"Raman B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raman , B. , and Chebrolu , K . Experiences in using WiFi for rural internet in India. IEEE Communications Magazine 45 , 1 ( 2007 ), 104--110. Raman, B., and Chebrolu, K. Experiences in using WiFi for rural internet in India. IEEE Communications Magazine 45, 1 (2007), 104--110.","journal-title":"India. IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"April","author":"Raul Katz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Raul Katz ,. The Impact of Broadband on the Economy: Research to Date and Policy Issues , April 2012 . https:\/\/www.itu.int\/ITU-D\/treg\/broadband\/ITU-BB-Reports_Impact-of-Broadband-on-the-Economy.pdf. Raul Katz,. The Impact of Broadband on the Economy: Research to Date and Policy Issues, April 2012. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/ITU-D\/treg\/broadband\/ITU-BB-Reports_Impact-of-Broadband-on-the-Economy.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2652320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Modeling and optimizing IEEE 802.11 DCF for long-distance links","volume":"9","author":"Reigadas J. S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reigadas , J. S. , Martinez-Fernandez , A. , Ramos-Lopez , J. , and Seoane-Pascual , J . Modeling and optimizing IEEE 802.11 DCF for long-distance links . IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 9 , 6 ( 2010 ), 881--896. Reigadas, J. S., Martinez-Fernandez, A., Ramos-Lopez, J., and Seoane-Pascual, J. Modeling and optimizing IEEE 802.11 DCF for long-distance links. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 9, 6 (2010), 881--896.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LANMAN.2015.7114729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132062.3132066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","first-page":"4","volume":"26","author":"Saifullah A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saifullah , A. , Rahman , M. , Ismail , D. , Lu , C. , Liu , J. , and Chandra , R . Low-Power Wide-Area Network Over White Spaces. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw. 26 , 4 ( Aug. 2018 ), 1893--1906. Saifullah, A., Rahman, M., Ismail, D., Lu, C., Liu, J., and Chandra, R. Low-Power Wide-Area Network Over White Spaces. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw. 26, 4 (Aug. 2018), 1893--1906.","journal-title":"Low-Power Wide-Area Network Over White Spaces. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3300061.3345446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6146491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2007.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","article-title":"The Unacceptable Persistence of the Digital Divide","author":"Talbot D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Talbot , D . The Unacceptable Persistence of the Digital Divide . MIT Technology Review , Dec 2016 . https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/603083\/the-unacceptable-persistence-of-the-digital-divide\/. Talbot, D. The Unacceptable Persistence of the Digital Divide. MIT Technology Review, Dec 2016. https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/603083\/the-unacceptable-persistence-of-the-digital-divide\/.","journal-title":"MIT Technology Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2012.6478115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"TV white space","volume":"11","author":"Van De Beek J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van De Beek , J. , Riihijarvi , J. , Achtzehn , A. , and Mahonen , P . TV white space in Europe. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 11 , 2 ( 2012 ), 178--188. Van De Beek, J., Riihijarvi, J., Achtzehn, A., and Mahonen, P. TV white space in Europe. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 11, 2 (2012), 178--188.","journal-title":"Europe. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","first-page":"515","volume-title":"14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 17)","author":"Vasisht D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vasisht , D. , Kapetanovic , Z. , Won , J. , Jin , X. , Chandra , R. , Sinha , S. , Kapoor , A. , Sudarshan , M. , and Stratman , S . Farmbeats: An IoT platform for data-driven agriculture . In 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 17) ( 2017 ), pp. 515 -- 529 . Vasisht, D., Kapetanovic, Z., Won, J., Jin, X., Chandra, R., Sinha, S., Kapoor, A., Sudarshan, M., and Stratman, S. Farmbeats: An IoT platform for data-driven agriculture. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 17) (2017), pp. 515--529."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity. CoRR abs\/1906.11541","author":"Yaacoub E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yaacoub , E. , and Alouini , M . Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity. CoRR abs\/1906.11541 ( 2019 ). Yaacoub, E., and Alouini, M. Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity. CoRR abs\/1906.11541 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2500423.2500439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2015.7218431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_91_1","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM MobiSys","author":"Zheleva M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheleva , M. , Paul , A. , Johnson , D. L. , and Belding , E . Kwiizya: Local Cellular Network Services in Remote Areas . In Proceedings of ACM MobiSys ( 2013 ), ACM, pp. 417 -- 430 . Zheleva, M., Paul, A., Johnson, D. L., and Belding, E. Kwiizya: Local Cellular Network Services in Remote Areas. In Proceedings of ACM MobiSys (2013), ACM, pp. 417--430."}],"event":{"name":"MobiSys '20: The 18th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing"],"location":"Toronto Ontario Canada","acronym":"MobiSys '20"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3386901.3388950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3386901.3388950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:33:26Z","timestamp":1750199606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3386901.3388950"}},"subtitle":["an efficient spectrum aggregation system for low-cost and high capacity backhaul over white spaces"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3386901.3388950","10.1145\/3386901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3386901.3388950","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}