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Interact. Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In problem-solving, a path towards a solutions can be viewed as a sequence of decisions. The decisions, made by humans or computers, describe a trajectory through a high-dimensional representation space of the problem. By means of dimensionality reduction, these trajectories can be visualized in lower-dimensional space. Such embedded trajectories have previously been applied to a wide variety of data, but analysis has focused almost exclusively on the self-similarity of single trajectories. In contrast, we describe patterns emerging from drawing many trajectories\u2014for different initial conditions, end states, and solution strategies\u2014in the same embedding space. We argue that general statements about the problem-solving tasks and solving strategies can be made by interpreting these patterns. We explore and characterize such patterns in trajectories resulting from human and machine-made decisions in a variety of application domains: logic puzzles (Rubik\u2019s cube), strategy games (chess), and optimization problems (neural network training). We also discuss the importance of suitably chosen representation spaces and similarity metrics for the embedding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3387165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T19:30:07Z","timestamp":1630697407000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Projection Path Explorer: Exploring Visual Patterns in Projected Decision-making Paths"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hinterreiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria and Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Steinparz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Sch\u00d6fl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Stitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria and datavisyn GmbH, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Streit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1473871612457601"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV\u201915)","author":"Aubry Mathieu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathieu Aubry and Bryan C. 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