{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:30:24Z","timestamp":1775745024349,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":60,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1824491 and CNS-1652669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1824491 and CNS-1652669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3387514.3405861","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1596148531000},"page":"172-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Leveraging Ambient LTE Traffic for Ubiquitous Passive Communication"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Zicheng","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"2015. 3GPP Release 12. https:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/specifications\/releases\/68-release-12.  2015. 3GPP Release 12. https:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/specifications\/releases\/68-release-12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"2017. LTE Frequency Bands. https:\/\/www.everythingrf.com\/community\/lte-frequency-bands.  2017. LTE Frequency Bands. https:\/\/www.everythingrf.com\/community\/lte-frequency-bands."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"2018. Build a LTE Network with srsLTE and Program Your Own USIM Card. https:\/\/cyberloginit.com\/2018\/05\/03\/build-a-lte-network-with-srslte-and-program-your-own-usim-card.html.  2018. Build a LTE Network with srsLTE and Program Your Own USIM Card. https:\/\/cyberloginit.com\/2018\/05\/03\/build-a-lte-network-with-srslte-and-program-your-own-usim-card.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"2018. Small Cell Forum. https:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/news-events\/partners-news\/1463-small-cell-forum-release-one.  2018. Small Cell Forum. https:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/news-events\/partners-news\/1463-small-cell-forum-release-one."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"2019. AT&T LTE Coverage. https:\/\/www.att.com\/maps\/wireless-coverage.html?kbid=121192&partner=LinkShare&siteId=je6NUbpObpQ-tqiwovJYjaUbhNyY7pcOnQ&source=ECay0000000CEL00O.  2019. AT&T LTE Coverage. https:\/\/www.att.com\/maps\/wireless-coverage.html?kbid=121192&partner=LinkShare&siteId=je6NUbpObpQ-tqiwovJYjaUbhNyY7pcOnQ&source=ECay0000000CEL00O."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"2019. LoRaWAN LPWAN for America. http:\/\/penteon.io\/page-4\/index.html.  2019. LoRaWAN LPWAN for America. http:\/\/penteon.io\/page-4\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"2019. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zadoff-Chu_sequence.  2019. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zadoff-Chu_sequence."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"2019. https:\/\/github.com\/srsLTE\/srsLTE.  2019. https:\/\/github.com\/srsLTE\/srsLTE."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"2020. CSX-252F. http:\/\/cfd.citizen.co.jp\/english\/prod-tech\/product\/pdf\/datasheet_Oscillator\/CSX-252F.pdf.  2020. CSX-252F. http:\/\/cfd.citizen.co.jp\/english\/prod-tech\/product\/pdf\/datasheet_Oscillator\/CSX-252F.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"2020. LTC6990. https:\/\/www.analog.com\/media\/en\/technical-documentation\/data-sheets\/LTC6990.pdf.  2020. LTC6990. https:\/\/www.analog.com\/media\/en\/technical-documentation\/data-sheets\/LTC6990.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"3GPP. 2009. 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12). Technical Report.  3GPP. 2009. 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12). Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Omid Abari, and Tim Brecht.","author":"Abedi Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali Abedi , Mohammad Hossein Mazaheri , Omid Abari, and Tim Brecht. 2018 . WiTAG: Rethinking Backscatter Communication for WiFi Networks. In HotNets , 2018. Ali Abedi, Mohammad Hossein Mazaheri, Omid Abari, and Tim Brecht. 2018. WiTAG: Rethinking Backscatter Communication for WiFi Networks. In HotNets, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"Analog Devices 2019. ADG901\/ADG902: Wideband 40 dB Isolation at 1 GHz CMOS 1.65 V to 2.75 V SPST Switches Data Sheet. Analog Devices. Rev. D.  Analog Devices 2019. ADG901\/ADG902: Wideband 40 dB Isolation at 1 GHz CMOS 1.65 V to 2.75 V SPST Switches Data Sheet. Analog Devices. Rev. D."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3032970.3032984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2013.2273766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"RFID","author":"Ensworth Joshua F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joshua F Ensworth and Matthew S Reynolds . 2015 . Every smart phone is a backscatter reader: Modulated backscatter compatibility with bluetooth 4.0 low energy (ble) devices . In RFID , 2015. Joshua F Ensworth and Matthew S Reynolds. 2015. Every smart phone is a backscatter reader: Modulated backscatter compatibility with bluetooth 4.0 low energy (ble) devices. In RFID, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Netscatter: Enabling large-scale backscatter networks. In arXiv preprint","author":"Hessar Mehrdad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehrdad Hessar , Ali Najafi , and Shyamnath Gollakota . 2018 . Netscatter: Enabling large-scale backscatter networks. In arXiv preprint , 2018. Mehrdad Hessar, Ali Najafi, and Shyamnath Gollakota. 2018. Netscatter: Enabling large-scale backscatter networks. In arXiv preprint, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"CNSM","author":"Hyun Jonghwan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jonghwan Hyun , Youngjoon Won , Kenjiro Cho , Romain Fontugne , Jaeyoon Chung , and James Won-Ki Hong . 2017 . High-end LTEservice evolution in Korea: 4 years of nationwide mobile network measurements . In CNSM , 2017. Jonghwan Hyun, Youngjoon Won, Kenjiro Cho, Romain Fontugne, Jaeyoon Chung, and James Won-Ki Hong. 2017. High-end LTEservice evolution in Korea: 4 years of nationwide mobile network measurements. In CNSM, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2934872.2934894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2670518.2673878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3117811.3117828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Quantitative Comparison of the Efficiency and Scalability of the Current and Future LTE Network Architectures. In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","author":"Karimzadeh Morteza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morteza Karimzadeh , Hans van den Berg, Ricardo de O Schmidt, and Aiko Pras. 2017 . Quantitative Comparison of the Efficiency and Scalability of the Current and Future LTE Network Architectures. In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing , 2017 . Morteza Karimzadeh, Hans van den Berg, Ricardo de O Schmidt, and Aiko Pras. 2017. Quantitative Comparison of the Efficiency and Scalability of the Current and Future LTE Network Architectures. In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"NSDI","author":"Kellogg Bryce","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bryce Kellogg , Vamsi Talla , Shyamnath Gollakota , and Joshua R Smith . 2016 . Passive Wi-Fi: Bringing Low Power to Wi-Fi Transmissions .. In NSDI , 2016. Bryce Kellogg, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua R Smith. 2016. Passive Wi-Fi: Bringing Low Power to Wi-Fi Transmissions.. In NSDI, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/570645.570659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"CoNEXT","author":"Lee Kyunghan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kyunghan Lee , Joohyun Lee , Yung Yi , Injong Rhee , and Song Chong . 2010 . Mobile data offloading: How much can WiFi deliver? . In CoNEXT , 2010. Kyunghan Lee, Joohyun Lee, Yung Yi, Injong Rhee, and Song Chong. 2010. Mobile data offloading: How much can WiFi deliver?. In CoNEXT, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274783.3274846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM). ACM","author":"Liu Vincent","unstructured":"Vincent Liu , Aaron Parks , Vamsi Talla , Shyamnath Gollakota , David Wetherall , and Joshua R. Smith . 2013. Ambient Backscatter: Wireless Communication out of Thin Air . In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM). ACM , New York, NY, USA, 39--50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2486001.2486015 Vincent Liu, Aaron Parks, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, David Wetherall, and Joshua R. Smith. 2013. Ambient Backscatter: Wireless Communication out of Thin Air. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 39--50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2486001.2486015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"VMscatter: A Versatile MIMO Backscatter. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 20)","author":"Liu Xin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xin Liu , Zicheng Chi , Wei Wang , Yao Yao , and Ting Zhu . 2020 . VMscatter: A Versatile MIMO Backscatter. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 20) . USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 895--909. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi20\/presentation\/liu-xin Xin Liu, Zicheng Chi, Wei Wang, Yao Yao, and Ting Zhu. 2020. VMscatter: A Versatile MIMO Backscatter. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 20). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 895--909. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi20\/presentation\/liu-xin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","unstructured":"MAXIM 2019. MAX931-MAX934 Ultra Low-Power Low-Cost Comparators. MAXIM. Rev. 1.  MAXIM 2019. MAX931-MAX934 Ultra Low-Power Low-Cost Comparators. MAXIM. Rev. 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2018.2867032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"NSDI","author":"Naderiparizi Saman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saman Naderiparizi , Mehrdad Hessar , Vamsi Talla , Shyamnath Gollakota , and Joshua R Smith . 2018 . Towards battery-free HD video streaming . In NSDI , 2018. Saman Naderiparizi, Mehrdad Hessar, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua R Smith. 2018. Towards battery-free HD video streaming. In NSDI, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"A framework to quantify the benefits of network functions virtualization in cellular networks. In arXiv preprint","author":"Qazi Zafar Ayyub","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zafar Ayyub Qazi , Vyas Sekar , and Samir Das . 2014. A framework to quantify the benefits of network functions virtualization in cellular networks. In arXiv preprint , 2014 . Zafar Ayyub Qazi, Vyas Sekar, and Samir Das. 2014. A framework to quantify the benefits of network functions virtualization in cellular networks. In arXiv preprint, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","unstructured":"RF5110G 2018. RF5110G 3V General Purpose\/GSM Power Amplifier. RF5110G. Rev. 1.  RF5110G 2018. RF5110G 3V General Purpose\/GSM Power Amplifier. RF5110G. Rev. 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2398776.2398808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/313451.313460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/345910.345912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815675.2815680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"NSDI","author":"Winstein Keith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keith Winstein , Anirudh Sivaraman , Hari Balakrishnan , 2013 . Stochastic Forecasts Achieve High Throughput and Low Delay over Cellular Networks .. In NSDI , 2013. Keith Winstein, Anirudh Sivaraman, Hari Balakrishnan, et al. 2013. Stochastic Forecasts Achieve High Throughput and Low Delay over Cellular Networks.. In NSDI, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","volume-title":"Aurojit Panda, and Scott Shenker.","author":"Wu Wenfei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wenfei Wu , Li Erran Li , Aurojit Panda, and Scott Shenker. 2014 . PRAN : Programmable radio access networks. In HotNets , 2014. Wenfei Wu, Li Erran Li, Aurojit Panda, and Scott Shenker. 2014. PRAN: Programmable radio access networks. In HotNets, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15509-8_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3117811.3117843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3117811.3117814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_52_1","volume-title":"Cell","author":"Yuan Zengwen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zengwen Yuan , Qianru Li , Yuanjie Li , Songwu Lu , Chunyi Peng , and George Varghese . 2018 . Resolving Policy Conflicts in Multi-Carrier Cellular Access . In Cell , 2018. Zengwen Yuan, Qianru Li, Yuanjie Li, Songwu Lu, Chunyi Peng, and George Varghese. 2018. Resolving Policy Conflicts in Multi-Carrier Cellular Access. In Cell, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2994551.2994565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_54_1","volume-title":"Dinesh Bharadia, and Sachin Katti.","author":"Zhang Pengyu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pengyu Zhang , Colleen Josephson , Dinesh Bharadia, and Sachin Katti. 2017 . FreeRider: Backscatter Communication Using Commodity Radios. In CoNEXT , 2017. Pengyu Zhang, Colleen Josephson, Dinesh Bharadia, and Sachin Katti. 2017. FreeRider: Backscatter Communication Using Commodity Radios. In CoNEXT, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2934872.2934901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3210240.3210329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3300061.3300121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2011.6089054"}],"event":{"name":"SIGCOMM '20: Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication","location":"Virtual Event USA","acronym":"SIGCOMM '20","sponsor":["SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3387514.3405861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3387514.3405861","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3387514.3405861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:41:35Z","timestamp":1750200095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3387514.3405861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3387514.3405861","10.1145\/3387514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3387514.3405861","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}