{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T13:25:18Z","timestamp":1767965118074,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":50,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3391614.3393648","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T19:06:20Z","timestamp":1592420780000},"page":"74-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Modality and Depth in Touchless Smartphone Augmented Reality Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, USA"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Shamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FX Palo Alto Laboratory Inc., USA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Avrahami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FXPAL, USA"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Biehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huidong Bai Gun\u00a0A Lee Mukundan Ramakrishnan and Mark Billinghurst. 2014. 3D gesture interaction for handheld augmented reality. In SIGGRAPH Asia 2014 Mobile Graphics and Interactive Applications. ACM ACM 7.  Huidong Bai Gun\u00a0A Lee Mukundan Ramakrishnan and Mark Billinghurst. 2014. 3D gesture interaction for handheld augmented reality. In SIGGRAPH Asia 2014 Mobile Graphics and Interactive Applications. ACM ACM 7.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2013.6671841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2017.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Hands in space: Gesture interaction with augmented-reality interfaces","author":"Billinghurst Mark","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mark Billinghurst , Tham Piumsomboon , and Huidong Bai . 2014. Hands in space: Gesture interaction with augmented-reality interfaces . IEEE computer graphics and applications 34, 1 ( 2014 ), 77\u201380. Mark Billinghurst, Tham Piumsomboon, and Huidong Bai. 2014. Hands in space: Gesture interaction with augmented-reality interfaces. IEEE computer graphics and applications 34, 1 (2014), 77\u201380."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Hierarchical Models and Particle Filtering. In 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR 2002","author":"Bretzner Lars","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lars Bretzner , Ivan Laptev , and Tony Lindeberg . 2002 . Hand Gesture Recognition using Multi-Scale Colour Features , Hierarchical Models and Particle Filtering. In 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR 2002 ), with CD-ROM, 20-21 May 2002, Washington, D.C., USA. 423\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AFGR. 2002.1004190 10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004190 Lars Bretzner, Ivan Laptev, and Tony Lindeberg. 2002. Hand Gesture Recognition using Multi-Scale Colour Features, Hierarchical Models and Particle Filtering. In 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR 2002), with CD-ROM, 20-21 May 2002, Washington, D.C., USA. 423\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/988834.988871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Zhe Cao Tomas Simon Shih-En Wei and Yaser Sheikh. 2016. Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fields. CoRR abs\/1611.08050(2016). arxiv:1611.08050http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1611.08050  Zhe Cao Tomas Simon Shih-En Wei and Yaser Sheikh. 2016. Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fields. CoRR abs\/1611.08050(2016). arxiv:1611.08050http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1611.08050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Wall-based Space Manipulation Technique for Efficient Placement of Distant Objects in Augmented Reality. In The 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 2018","author":"Chae Han\u00a0Joo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han\u00a0Joo Chae , Jeongin Hwang , and Jinwook Seo . 2018 . Wall-based Space Manipulation Technique for Efficient Placement of Distant Objects in Augmented Reality. In The 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 2018 , Berlin, Germany , October 14-17, 2018. 45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3242587.3242631 10.1145\/3242587.3242631 Han\u00a0Joo Chae, Jeongin Hwang, and Jinwook Seo. 2018. Wall-based Space Manipulation Technique for Efficient Placement of Distant Objects in Augmented Reality. In The 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 2018, Berlin, Germany, October 14-17, 2018. 45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3242587.3242631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2449396.2449435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2012.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IIC.2015.7150886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2014.6948431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Human Mental Workload","author":"Hart G.","unstructured":"S.\u00a0 G. Hart and L.\u00a0 E. Staveland . 1988. Human Mental Workload . North Holland Press , Amsterdam, Chapter Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. S.\u00a0G. Hart and L.\u00a0E. Staveland. 1988. Human Mental Workload. North Holland Press, Amsterdam, Chapter Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"An Evaluation of Mobile Phone Pointing in Spatial Augmented Reality. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, LBW122","author":"Hartmann Jeremy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeremy Hartmann and Daniel Vogel . 2018 . An Evaluation of Mobile Phone Pointing in Spatial Augmented Reality. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, LBW122 . Jeremy Hartmann and Daniel Vogel. 2018. An Evaluation of Mobile Phone Pointing in Spatial Augmented Reality. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, LBW122."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2788940.2788947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IHMSC.2011.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-011-0983-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"ACM","author":"Hurter Christophe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christophe Hurter , Audrey Girouard , Nathalie Riche , and Catherine Plaisant . 2011 . Active progress bars: facilitating the switch to temporary activities. In CHI\u201911 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems . ACM , 1963\u20131968. Christophe Hurter, Audrey Girouard, Nathalie Riche, and Catherine Plaisant. 2011. Active progress bars: facilitating the switch to temporary activities. In CHI\u201911 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1963\u20131968."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2006.297812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013200319198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2380116.2380139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3355-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2010.5643530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Handy AR: Markerless inspection of augmented reality objects using fingertip tracking.","author":"Lee Taehee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taehee Lee and Tobias Hollerer . 2007 . Handy AR: Markerless inspection of augmented reality objects using fingertip tracking. (2007). Taehee Lee and Tobias Hollerer. 2007. Handy AR: Markerless inspection of augmented reality objects using fingertip tracking. (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Recognition of QR Code with mobile phones. In 2008 Chinese control and decision conference","author":"Liu Yue","unstructured":"Yue Liu , Ju Yang , and Mingjun Liu . 2008. Recognition of QR Code with mobile phones. In 2008 Chinese control and decision conference . IEEE , 203\u2013206. Yue Liu, Ju Yang, and Mingjun Liu. 2008. Recognition of QR Code with mobile phones. In 2008 Chinese control and decision conference. IEEE, 203\u2013206."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-015-0844-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2016.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2017.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3152832.3157810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2541883.2541899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"AI for Toggling the Linearity of Interactions in AR. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR). IEEE, 185\u2013186","author":"Qian Jing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jing Qian , Laurent Denoue , Jacob Biehl , and David\u00a0 A Shamma . 2018 . AI for Toggling the Linearity of Interactions in AR. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR). IEEE, 185\u2013186 . Jing Qian, Laurent Denoue, Jacob Biehl, and David\u00a0A Shamma. 2018. AI for Toggling the Linearity of Interactions in AR. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR). IEEE, 185\u2013186."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM.","author":"Qian Jing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jing Qian , Jiaju Ma , Xiangyu L, Benjamin Attal , Haoming Lai , James Tompkin , John\u00a0 F. Hughes , and Jeff Huang . 2019 . Perceptual issues in augmented reality revisited . In Proceedings of the 32th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM. Jing Qian, Jiaju Ma, Xiangyu L, Benjamin Attal, Haoming Lai, James Tompkin, John\u00a0F. Hughes, and Jeff Huang. 2019. Perceptual issues in augmented reality revisited. In Proceedings of the 32th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3332165.3347904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. Citeseer, 303\u2013308","author":"Radkowski Rafael","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rafael Radkowski and Christian Stritzke . 2012 . Interactive hand gesture-based assembly for augmented reality applications . In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. Citeseer, 303\u2013308 . Rafael Radkowski and Christian Stritzke. 2012. Interactive hand gesture-based assembly for augmented reality applications. In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. Citeseer, 303\u2013308."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.","author":"Reed SE","year":"2014","unstructured":"SE Reed , O Kreylos , S Hsi , LH Kellogg , G Schladow , MB Yikilmaz , H Segale , J Silverman , S Yalowitz , and E Sato . 2014 . Shaping watersheds exhibit: An interactive, augmented reality sandbox for advancing earth science education . In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. SE Reed, O Kreylos, S Hsi, LH Kellogg, G Schladow, MB Yikilmaz, H Segale, J Silverman, S Yalowitz, and E Sato. 2014. Shaping watersheds exhibit: An interactive, augmented reality sandbox for advancing earth science education. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73110-8_79"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2006.297801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2873\u20132878","author":"Ro Hyocheol","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hyocheol Ro , Seungho Chae , Inhwan Kim , Junghyun Byun , Yoonsik Yang , Yoonjung Park , and Tackdon Han . 2017 . A dynamic depth-variable ray-casting interface for object manipulation in ar environments. In Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) , 2017 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2873\u20132878 . Hyocheol Ro, Seungho Chae, Inhwan Kim, Junghyun Byun, Yoonsik Yang, Yoonjung Park, and Tackdon Han. 2017. A dynamic depth-variable ray-casting interface for object manipulation in ar environments. In Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2017 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2873\u20132878."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2580723.2580730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/121494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3210825.3210831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3177162.3177168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Interacting with Distant Objects in Augmented Reality. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 41\u201348","author":"Whitlock Matt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matt Whitlock , Ethan Harnner , Jed\u00a0 R Brubaker , Shaun Kane , and Danielle\u00a0Albers Szafir . 2018 . Interacting with Distant Objects in Augmented Reality. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 41\u201348 . Matt Whitlock, Ethan Harnner, Jed\u00a0R Brubaker, Shaun Kane, and Danielle\u00a0Albers Szafir. 2018. Interacting with Distant Objects in Augmented Reality. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 41\u201348."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2015.11.004"}],"event":{"name":"IMX '20: ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences","location":"Cornella, Barcelona Spain","acronym":"IMX '20","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web","SIGMM ACM Special Interest Group on Multimedia","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3391614.3393648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3391614.3393648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:41:41Z","timestamp":1750200101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3391614.3393648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3391614.3393648","10.1145\/3391614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3391614.3393648","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}