{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:33:15Z","timestamp":1776108795674,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":73,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002790","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2018-06185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2018-06185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["892191082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["892191082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001805","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["37608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003400","name":"Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["37608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3392561.3394640","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T20:51:12Z","timestamp":1592427072000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Infrastructuring Hope"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Faheem","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Hasan","family":"Safir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Sabie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulkarin","family":"Jahangir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Ishtiaque","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/solidarity","year":"1841","unstructured":"1841. Solidarity. ( 1841 ). https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/solidarity 1841. Solidarity. (1841). https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/solidarity"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"1991. solidarity. (1991). https:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/solidarity  1991. solidarity. (1991). https:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/solidarity"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"2016. Mandatory registration of prepaid SIM cards. (2016). https:\/\/www.gsma.com\/publicpolicy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/GSMA2016_Report_MandatoryRegistrationOfPrepaidSIMCards.pdf  2016. Mandatory registration of prepaid SIM cards. (2016). https:\/\/www.gsma.com\/publicpolicy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/GSMA2016_Report_MandatoryRegistrationOfPrepaidSIMCards.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"2017. A brief history of the word \"Rohingya\" at the heart of a humanitarian crisis. (2017). https:\/\/qz.com\/1092313\/a-brief-history-of-the-word-rohingya-at-the-heart-of-a-humanitarian-crisis\/  2017. A brief history of the word \"Rohingya\" at the heart of a humanitarian crisis. (2017). https:\/\/qz.com\/1092313\/a-brief-history-of-the-word-rohingya-at-the-heart-of-a-humanitarian-crisis\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"2017. Free phone booths for Rohingya refugees to speak between camps. (2017). https:\/\/www.dhakatribune.com\/bangladesh\/nation\/2017\/10\/05\/free-phone-booths-rohingya-refugees-speak-camps  2017. Free phone booths for Rohingya refugees to speak between camps. (2017). https:\/\/www.dhakatribune.com\/bangladesh\/nation\/2017\/10\/05\/free-phone-booths-rohingya-refugees-speak-camps"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"2019. Convenience sampling. (2019). https:\/\/research-methodology.net\/sampling-in-primary-data-collection\/convenience-sampling\/  2019. Convenience sampling. (2019). https:\/\/research-methodology.net\/sampling-in-primary-data-collection\/convenience-sampling\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Bangladesh camps, 200,000 Rohingya rally to mark Myanmar 'Genocide Day'.","year":"2019","unstructured":"2019a. In Bangladesh camps, 200,000 Rohingya rally to mark Myanmar 'Genocide Day'. ( 2019 ). https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20190825-bangladesh-rohingya-protest-myanmar-genocide-refugees 2019a. In Bangladesh camps, 200,000 Rohingya rally to mark Myanmar 'Genocide Day'. (2019). https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20190825-bangladesh-rohingya-protest-myanmar-genocide-refugees"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Joint Response Plan for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis","year":"2018","unstructured":"2019b. Joint Response Plan for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis 2018 . (2019). https:\/\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/en\/operations\/bangladesh\/document\/joint-response-plan-rohingyahumanitarian-crisis-2018 2019b. Joint Response Plan for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis 2018. (2019). https:\/\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/en\/operations\/bangladesh\/document\/joint-response-plan-rohingyahumanitarian-crisis-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Rohingya Refugee Crisis. (Apr","year":"2019","unstructured":"2019. Rohingya Refugee Crisis. (Apr 2019 ). https:\/\/www.unocha.org\/rohingya-refugee-crisis 2019. Rohingya Refugee Crisis. (Apr 2019). https:\/\/www.unocha.org\/rohingya-refugee-crisis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2957276.2996281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2807565.2807708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Individual differences theory in industrial and organizational psychology. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology 1","author":"Ackerman Phillip L","year":"1990","unstructured":"Phillip L Ackerman and Lloyd G Humphreys . 1990. Individual differences theory in industrial and organizational psychology. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology 1 ( 1990 ), 223--282. Phillip L Ackerman and Lloyd G Humphreys. 1990. Individual differences theory in industrial and organizational psychology. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology 1 (1990), 223--282."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2015)","author":"Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque","unstructured":"Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed , Nusrat Jahan Mim , and Steven J. Jackson . Residual Mobilities: Infrastructural Displacement and Post-Colonial Computing in Bangladesh . In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2015) (CHI '15). ACM, 437--446. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702573 10.1145\/2702123.2702573 Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Nusrat Jahan Mim, and Steven J. Jackson. Residual Mobilities: Infrastructural Displacement and Post-Colonial Computing in Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2015) (CHI '15). ACM, 437--446. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"What Forces Are Fueling Myanmar's Rohingya Crisis? (Dec","author":"Albert Eleanor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eleanor Albert and Lindsay Maizland . 2019. What Forces Are Fueling Myanmar's Rohingya Crisis? (Dec 2019 ). https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/rohingya-crisis Eleanor Albert and Lindsay Maizland. 2019. What Forces Are Fueling Myanmar's Rohingya Crisis? (Dec 2019). https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/rohingya-crisis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3010915.3010948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/08992363-2006-023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2005.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrs\/12.4.367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Participatory Design Conference: Full Papers -","volume":"1","author":"Alice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alice V. Brown and Jaz Hee-jeong Choi. 2018. Refugee and the Post-trauma Journeys in the Fuzzy Front End of Co-creative Practices . In Proceedings of the 15th Participatory Design Conference: Full Papers - Volume 1 ( 2018 ) (PDC '18). ACM, 15:1-15:11. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3210586.3210598 event-place: Hasselt and Genk, Belgium. 10.1145\/3210586.3210598 Alice V. Brown and Jaz Hee-jeong Choi. 2018. Refugee and the Post-trauma Journeys in the Fuzzy Front End of Co-creative Practices. In Proceedings of the 15th Participatory Design Conference: Full Papers - Volume 1 (2018) (PDC '18). ACM, 15:1-15:11. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3210586.3210598 event-place: Hasselt and Genk, Belgium."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Lawrence Elrbaum Associates","author":"Chemers MM","year":"1997","unstructured":"MM Chemers . 1997. An integrative theory of leadership , Lawrence Elrbaum Associates . Inc., Publishers , Mahwah ( 1997 ). MM Chemers. 1997. An integrative theory of leadership, Lawrence Elrbaum Associates. Inc., Publishers, Mahwah (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Human Rights Council opens special session on the situation of human rights of the Rohingya and other minorities in Rakhine State in Myanmar. (Dec","author":"Human Rights Council","year":"2017","unstructured":"Human Rights Council . 2017. Human Rights Council opens special session on the situation of human rights of the Rohingya and other minorities in Rakhine State in Myanmar. (Dec 2017 ). https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22491&LangID=E Human Rights Council. 2017. Human Rights Council opens special session on the situation of human rights of the Rohingya and other minorities in Rakhine State in Myanmar. (Dec 2017). https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22491&LangID=E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312712471581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"The essential Dewey: Pragmatism, education, democracy","author":"Dewey John","unstructured":"John Dewey . 1998. The essential Dewey: Pragmatism, education, democracy . Vol. 1 . Indiana University Press . John Dewey. 1998. The essential Dewey: Pragmatism, education, democracy. Vol. 1. Indiana University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Participatory design and participatory research: an HCI case study with young forced migrants","volume":"25","author":"Bustamante Duarte Ana Maria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ana Maria Bustamante Duarte , Nina Brendel , Auriol Degbelo , and Christian Kray . 2018 . Participatory design and participatory research: an HCI case study with young forced migrants . ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 25 , 1 (2018), 3 . DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3145472 10.1145\/3145472 Ana Maria Bustamante Duarte, Nina Brendel, Auriol Degbelo, and Christian Kray. 2018. Participatory design and participatory research: an HCI case study with young forced migrants. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 25, 1 (2018), 3. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3145472","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Speculative everything: design, fiction, and social dreaming","author":"Dunne Anthony","unstructured":"Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby . 2013. Speculative everything: design, fiction, and social dreaming . MIT press . Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby. 2013. Speculative everything: design, fiction, and social dreaming. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Rohingya refugees refuse to return to Myanmar without rights guarantee. (Aug","author":"Ellis-Petersen Hannah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hannah Ellis-Petersen and Shaikh Azizur Rahman . 2019. Rohingya refugees refuse to return to Myanmar without rights guarantee. (Aug 2019 ). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/aug\/21\/not-without-our-rights-rohingya-refugees-refuse-to-return-to-myanmar Hannah Ellis-Petersen and Shaikh Azizur Rahman. 2019. Rohingya refugees refuse to return to Myanmar without rights guarantee. (Aug 2019). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/aug\/21\/not-without-our-rights-rohingya-refugees-refuse-to-return-to-myanmar"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI EA '17","author":"Fisher Karen E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karen E. Fisher , Reem Talhouk , Katya Yefimova , Dalya Al-Shahrabi , Eiad Yafi , Sam Ewald , and Rob Comber . Za'atari Refugee Cookbook : Relevance, Challenges and Design Considerations . In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI EA '17 ( 2017 ). ACM Press, 2576--2583. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3027063.3053235 10.1145\/3027063.3053235 Karen E. Fisher, Reem Talhouk, Katya Yefimova, Dalya Al-Shahrabi, Eiad Yafi, Sam Ewald, and Rob Comber. Za'atari Refugee Cookbook: Relevance, Challenges and Design Considerations. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI EA '17 (2017). ACM Press, 2576--2583. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3027063.3053235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Activity-centered design: An ecological approach to designing smart tools and usable systems","author":"Gay Geraldine","unstructured":"Geraldine Gay and Helene Hembrooke . 2004. Activity-centered design: An ecological approach to designing smart tools and usable systems . Mit Press . Geraldine Gay and Helene Hembrooke. 2004. Activity-centered design: An ecological approach to designing smart tools and usable systems. Mit Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2016.tb00563.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"The basic problems of phenomenology","author":"Heidegger Martin","unstructured":"Martin Heidegger . 1988. The basic problems of phenomenology . Vol. 478 . Indiana University Press . Martin Heidegger. 1988. The basic problems of phenomenology. Vol. 478. Indiana University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Faheem Hussain. 2018a. Bangladesh Should Legalize SIM Cards for Rohingya Refugees. (2018). https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/blog\/bangladesh-should-legalize-sim-cards-rohingya-refugees  Faheem Hussain. 2018a. Bangladesh Should Legalize SIM Cards for Rohingya Refugees. (2018). https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/blog\/bangladesh-should-legalize-sim-cards-rohingya-refugees"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Faheem Hussain. 2018b. Digital Access Isn't a Luxury for Refugees. (2018). https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2018\/06\/digital-access-isnt-a-luxury-for-refugees-its-a-necessity.html  Faheem Hussain. 2018b. Digital Access Isn't a Luxury for Refugees. (2018). https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2018\/06\/digital-access-isnt-a-luxury-for-refugees-its-a-necessity.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Faheem Hussain. 2019. Network shutdowns in Rohingya camps: how they're damaging the fragile information ecosystem of refugees from Myanmar. (2019). https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/network-shutdowns-in-rohingya-camps-how-theyre-damaging-the-fragile-information-ecosystem-of-refugees-from-myanmar\/  Faheem Hussain. 2019. Network shutdowns in Rohingya camps: how they're damaging the fragile information ecosystem of refugees from Myanmar. (2019). https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/network-shutdowns-in-rohingya-camps-how-theyre-damaging-the-fragile-information-ecosystem-of-refugees-from-myanmar\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"William James and Frederick Burkhardt. 1975. Pragmatism. Vol. 1. Harvard University Press.  William James and Frederick Burkhardt. 1975. Pragmatism. Vol. 1. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Immanuel Kant and Mary Gregor. 1996. The metaphysics of morals. (1996).  Immanuel Kant and Mary Gregor. 1996. The metaphysics of morals. (1996).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661435.2661450"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-006-9023-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Information and Communication Technologies for Development. Strengthening Southern-Driven Cooperation as a Catalyst for ICT4D, Petter Nielsen and Honest Christopher Kimaro (Eds.).","author":"Karim Azmina","unstructured":"Azmina Karim and Faheem Hussain . 2019. ' When Will You Start Teaching the REAL Curriculum?': Challenges and Innovations in Education for Rohingya Refugees . In Information and Communication Technologies for Development. Strengthening Southern-Driven Cooperation as a Catalyst for ICT4D, Petter Nielsen and Honest Christopher Kimaro (Eds.). Vol. 551 . Springer International Publishing , 675--686. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-18400-1_55 10.1007\/978-3-030-18400-1_55 Azmina Karim and Faheem Hussain. 2019. 'When Will You Start Teaching the REAL Curriculum?': Challenges and Innovations in Education for Rohingya Refugees. In Information and Communication Technologies for Development. Strengthening Southern-Driven Cooperation as a Catalyst for ICT4D, Petter Nielsen and Honest Christopher Kimaro (Eds.). Vol. 551. Springer International Publishing, 675--686. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-18400-1_55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"The Cambridge Companion to Kierkegaard","author":"Kierkegaard S\u00f6ren","unstructured":"S\u00f6ren Kierkegaard . 1998. The Cambridge Companion to Kierkegaard . Cambridge University Press . S\u00f6ren Kierkegaard. 1998. The Cambridge Companion to Kierkegaard. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Cox's Bazar: The world's largest refugee settlement. (Aug","author":"Kolstad Kristine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kristine Kolstad . 2018. Cox's Bazar: The world's largest refugee settlement. (Aug 2018 ). https:\/\/www.nrc.no\/news\/2018\/august\/coxs-bazar-the-worlds-largest-refugee-settlement\/ Kristine Kolstad. 2018. Cox's Bazar: The world's largest refugee settlement. (Aug 2018). https:\/\/www.nrc.no\/news\/2018\/august\/coxs-bazar-the-worlds-largest-refugee-settlement\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287098.3287117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Aamna Mohdin. 2017. A brief history of the word \"Rohingya\" at the heart of a humanitarian crisis. (2017). https:\/\/qz.com\/1092313\/a-brief-history-of-the-word-rohingya-at-the-heart-of-a-humanitarian-crisis\/  Aamna Mohdin. 2017. A brief history of the word \"Rohingya\" at the heart of a humanitarian crisis. (2017). https:\/\/qz.com\/1092313\/a-brief-history-of-the-word-rohingya-at-the-heart-of-a-humanitarian-crisis\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Laura J Neumann and Susan Leigh Star. 1996. Making infrastructure: The dream of a common language. In PDC. 231--240.  Laura J Neumann and Susan Leigh Star. 1996. Making infrastructure: The dream of a common language. In PDC. 231--240."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Thus spoke Zarathustra: A book for everyone and nobody","author":"Nietzsche Friedrich","unstructured":"Friedrich Nietzsche . 2008. Thus spoke Zarathustra: A book for everyone and nobody . Oxford University Press . Friedrich Nietzsche. 2008. Thus spoke Zarathustra: A book for everyone and nobody. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. IEEE, 1--9.","author":"Pal Joyojeet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Joyojeet Pal , Meera Lakshmanan , and Kentaro Toyama . 2007 . \" My Child will be Respected\": Parental perspectives on computers in rural India . In 2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. IEEE, 1--9. Joyojeet Pal, Meera Lakshmanan, and Kentaro Toyama. 2007. \"My Child will be Respected\": Parental perspectives on computers in rural India. In 2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. IEEE, 1--9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"The National Laws of Myanmar","volume":"57","author":"Parashar Archana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Archana Parashar and Jobair Alam . 2019 . The National Laws of Myanmar : Making of Statelessness for the Rohingya. 57 , 1 (2019), 94 -- 108 . DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/imig.12532 10.1111\/imig.12532 Archana Parashar and Jobair Alam. 2019. The National Laws of Myanmar: Making of Statelessness for the Rohingya. 57, 1 (2019), 94--108. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/imig.12532","journal-title":"Making of Statelessness for the Rohingya."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees. (Sep","author":"Christine Ro.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christine Ro. 2019. The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees. (Sep 2019 ). https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/christinero\/2019\/09\/13\/the-linguistic-innovation-emerging-from-rohingya-refugees\/#3e0c70d85e42 Christine Ro. 2019. The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees. (Sep 2019). https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/christinero\/2019\/09\/13\/the-linguistic-innovation-emerging-from-rohingya-refugees\/#3e0c70d85e42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Solidarity or objectivity. Post-analytic philosophy 3","author":"Rorty Richard","year":"1985","unstructured":"Richard Rorty . 1985. Solidarity or objectivity. Post-analytic philosophy 3 ( 1985 ), 5--6. Richard Rorty. 1985. Solidarity or objectivity. Post-analytic philosophy 3 (1985), 5--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Philosophy and social hope","author":"McKay Rorty Richard","unstructured":"Richard McKay Rorty and Richard Rorty . 1999. Philosophy and social hope . Penguin UK. Richard McKay Rorty and Richard Rorty. 1999. Philosophy and social hope. Penguin UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"irony, and solidarity","author":"Rorty Richard M","unstructured":"Richard M Rorty , Richard Rorty , and Rorty Richard . 1989. Contingency , irony, and solidarity . Cambridge University Press . Richard M Rorty, Richard Rorty, and Rorty Richard. 1989. Contingency, irony, and solidarity. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Anchalee R\u00fcland. 2017. Myanmar's Rohingya Problem in Context. (2017).  Anchalee R\u00fcland. 2017. Myanmar's Rohingya Problem in Context. (2017)."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_56_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dina Sabie and Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed. 2019. Moving into a Technology Land: Exploring the challenges for the Refugees in Canada in Accessing its Computerized Infrastructures. (COMPASS '19). ACM. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3314344.3332481 10.1145\/3314344.3332481","DOI":"10.1145\/3314344.3332481"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_56_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dina Sabie and Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed. 2019. Moving into a Technology Land: Exploring the challenges for the Refugees in Canada in Accessing its Computerized Infrastructures. (COMPASS '19). ACM. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3314344.3332481","DOI":"10.1145\/3314344.3332481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar)","author":"Seekins Donald M.","unstructured":"Donald M. Seekins . 2017. Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) ( second edition ed.). Rowman & Littlefield . Donald M. Seekins. 2017. Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) (second edition ed.). Rowman & Littlefield."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Development as freedom (1999). Roberts, JT, Hite, AB & Chorev","volume":"2","author":"Sen Amartya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amartya Sen . 2014 . Development as freedom (1999). Roberts, JT, Hite, AB & Chorev , N. The Globalization and Development Reader: Perspectives on Development and Global Change 2 (2014), 525 -- 547 . Amartya Sen. 2014. Development as freedom (1999). Roberts, JT, Hite, AB & Chorev, N. The Globalization and Development Reader: Perspectives on Development and Global Change 2 (2014), 525--547.","journal-title":"N. The Globalization and Development Reader: Perspectives on Development and Global Change"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"The idea of justice","author":"Sen Amartya Kumar","unstructured":"Amartya Kumar Sen . 2009. The idea of justice . Harvard University Press . Amartya Kumar Sen. 2009. The idea of justice. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314344.3332486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"The study of sociology","author":"Spencer Herbert","unstructured":"Herbert Spencer . 1892. The study of sociology . Vol. 5 . Kegan Paul , Trench, Tr\u00fcbner . Herbert Spencer. 1892. The study of sociology. Vol. 5. Kegan Paul, Trench, Tr\u00fcbner."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"SL Star and GC Bowker. 2002. How to Infrastructure in The Handbook of New Media. LA Lievrouw & SL Livingstone. (2002).  SL Star and GC Bowker. 2002. How to Infrastructure in The Handbook of New Media. LA Lievrouw & SL Livingstone. (2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.7.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3083671.3083690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368431011423589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"From needs to aspirations in information technology for development. 24, 1","author":"Toyama Kentaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kentaro Toyama . 2018. From needs to aspirations in information technology for development. 24, 1 ( 2018 ), 15--36. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/02681102.2017.1310713 10.1080\/02681102.2017.1310713 Kentaro Toyama. 2018. From needs to aspirations in information technology for development. 24, 1 (2018), 15--36. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/02681102.2017.1310713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3136560.3136580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3136560.3136579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287098.3287104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2737856.2737883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702283"}],"event":{"name":"ICTD2020: Information and Communication Technologies and Development","location":"Guayaquil Ecuador","acronym":"ICTD2020"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3392561.3394640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3392561.3394640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:41:15Z","timestamp":1750200075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3392561.3394640"}},"subtitle":["Solidarity, Leadership, Negotiation, and ICT among the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3392561.3394640","10.1145\/3392561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3392561.3394640","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}