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First, we compare the use of self-promotion and opponent attack, and their respective success online by categorizing 1208 most commonly used hashtags accordingly into the two categories. Second, we classify the tweets applying a qualitative typology to hashtags on the subjects of nationalism, corruption, religion and development. We find that the ruling BJP tended to promote itself over attacking the opposition whereas the main challenger INC was more likely to attack than promote itself. Moreover, while the INC gets more retweets on average, the BJP dominates Twitter's trends by flooding the online space with large numbers of tweets. We consider the implications of our findings hold for political communication strategies in democracies across the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3392860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T16:01:06Z","timestamp":1590768066000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Topical Focus of Political Campaigns and its Impact: Findings from Politicians' Hashtag Use during the 2019 Indian Elections"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Anmol","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research India, Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramaravind","family":"Kommiya Mothilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research India, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monojit","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research India, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalika","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research India, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyojeet","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research India, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1944-2866.POI350"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-010-9132-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716214563923"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287098.3287129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) General Conference","author":"Bruns Axel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Axel Bruns and Jean E Burgess . 2011 . 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