{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:54:47Z","timestamp":1776275687598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Things"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The continuous monitoring of crop growth is crucial for site-specific and sustainable farm management in the context of precision agriculture. With the help of precise\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            information, agricultural practices, such as irrigation, fertilization, and plant protection, can be dynamically adapted to the changing needs of individual sites, thereby supporting yield increases and resource optimization. Nowadays, IoT technology with networked sensors deployed in greenhouses and farmlands already contributes to\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            information. In addition to existing soil sensors for moisture or nutrient monitoring, there are also (mainly optical) sensors to assess growth developments and vital conditions of crops. This article presents a novel and complementary approach for a low-cost crop sensing that is based on temporal variations of the signal strength of low-power IoT radio communication. To this end, the relationship between crop growth, represented by the leaf area index (LAI), and the attenuation of signal propagation of low-cost radio transceivers is investigated. Real-world experiments in wheat fields show a significant correlation between LAI and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) time series. Moreover, influencing meteorological factors are identified and their effects are analyzed. Including these factors, a multiple linear model is finally developed that enables an RSSI-based LAI estimation with great potential.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3393667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T02:44:48Z","timestamp":1592793888000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Towards a Low-cost RSSI-based Crop Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Distributed Systems Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Wachsbleiche, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Aschenbruck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Distributed Systems Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Wachsbleiche, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-822X.2003.00026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2240116.2240123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (HotEmNets\u201908)","author":"Bannister Kenneth"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE IoT Vertical and Topical Summit for Agriculture (IOT\u201918)","author":"Bauer Jan","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Processing and filtering of leaf area index time series assessed by in situ wireless sensor networks. 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Crop Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN\u201915)","author":"Schmidt Florian","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (EmNets\u201906)","author":"Srinivasan Kannan","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Wireless Network Measurement (WiNMee\u201905)","author":"Thelen John","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201917)","author":"Vasisht Deepak","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communications and Networking (SECON\u201913)","author":"Wennerstr\u00f6m Hjalmar","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Retrieval of high spatiotemporal resolution leaf area index with gaussian processes, wireless sensor network, and satellite data fusion","volume":"11","author":"Yin Gaofei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Internet of Things"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3393667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3393667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:41:17Z","timestamp":1750200077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3393667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3393667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3393667","relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-1914","2577-6207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-1914","type":"print"},{"value":"2577-6207","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}