{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:21:21Z","timestamp":1775017281529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Creative Research Group Project of NSFC","award":["No.61821003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.61821003"]}]},{"name":"the US NSF","award":["No.CCF-1704504 and No.CCF-1629625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.CCF-1704504 and No.CCF-1629625"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development program of China","award":["No.2018YFA0701804 and 2018YFA0701805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2018YFA0701804 and 2018YFA0701805"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No.61872156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.61872156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Existing local file systems, designed to support a typical\n            <jats:italic>single-file access mode<\/jats:italic>\n            only, can lead to poor performance when accessing a batch of files, especially small files. This single-file mode essentially serializes accesses to batched files one by one, resulting in a large number of non-sequential, random, and often dependent I\/Os between file data and metadata at the storage ends. Such access mode can further worsen the efficiency and performance of applications accessing massive files, such as data migration. We first experimentally analyze the root cause of such inefficiency in batch-file accesses. Then, we propose a novel batch-file access approach, referred to as BFO for its set of optimized\n            <jats:italic>Batch-File Operations<\/jats:italic>\n            , by developing novel\n            <jats:italic>BFOr<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>BFOw<\/jats:italic>\n            operations for fundamental read and write processes, respectively, using a\n            <jats:italic>two-phase access<\/jats:italic>\n            for metadata and data jointly. The BFO offers dedicated interfaces for batch-file accesses and additional processes integrated into existing file systems without modifying their structures and procedures. In addition, based on BFOr and BFOw, we also propose the novel batch-file migration\n            <jats:italic>BFOm<\/jats:italic>\n            to accelerate the data migration for massive small files. We implement a BFO prototype on ext4, one of the most popular file systems. Our evaluation results show that the batch-file read and write performances of BFO are consistently higher than those of the traditional approaches regardless of access patterns, data layouts, and storage media, under synthetic and real-world file sets. BFO improves the read performance by up to 22.4\u00d7 and 1.8\u00d7 with HDD and SSD, respectively, and it boosts the write performance by up to 111.4\u00d7 and 2.9\u00d7 with HDD and SSD, respectively. BFO also demonstrates consistent performance advantages for data migration in both local and remote situations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3394286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T12:32:29Z","timestamp":1594125149000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Batch-file Operations to Optimize Massive Files Accessing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, USA"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Vasily Tarasov and George Amvrosiadis. 2018. 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