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Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When a computational task tolerates a relaxation of its specification or when an algorithm tolerates the effects of noise in its execution, hardware, system software, and programming language compilers or their runtime systems can trade deviations from correct behavior for lower resource usage. We present, for the first time, a synthesis of research results on computing systems that only make as many errors as their end-to-end applications can tolerate. The results span the disciplines of computer-aided design of circuits, digital system design, computer architecture, programming languages, operating systems, and information theory. Rather than over-provisioning the resources controlled by each of these layers of abstraction to avoid errors, it can be more efficient to exploit the masking of errors occurring at one layer and thereby prevent those errors from propagating to a higher layer.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We demonstrate the potential benefits of end-to-end approaches using two illustrative examples. We introduce a formalization of terminology that allows us to present a coherent view across the techniques traditionally used by different research communities in their individual layer of focus. Using this formalization, we survey tradeoffs for individual layers of computing systems at the circuit, architecture, operating system, and programming language levels as well as fundamental information-theoretic limits to tradeoffs between resource usage and correctness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3394898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T22:49:10Z","timestamp":1592002150000},"page":"1-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Exploiting Errors for Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip","family":"Stanley-Marbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Alaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Carbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Darulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Dolecek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gerstlauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghayoor","family":"Gillani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djordje","family":"Jevdjic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Cacciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Daglis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie Enright","family":"Jerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Falsafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasa","family":"Misailovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Zufferey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications. 711--730","author":"Achour Sara","unstructured":"Sara Achour and Martin C. 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