{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:26:23Z","timestamp":1750220783688,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF CCF","award":["1704715, 1817073, and 1918497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1704715, 1817073, and 1918497"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research","award":["66905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["66905"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We present FPD\n            <jats:sc>etect<\/jats:sc>\n            , a low-overhead approach for detecting logical errors and soft errors affecting stencil computations without generating false positives. We develop an offline analysis that tightly estimates the number of floating-point bits preserved across stencil applications. This estimate rigorously bounds the values expected in the data space of the computation. Violations of this bound can be attributed with certainty to errors. FPD\n            <jats:sc>etect<\/jats:sc>\n            helps synthesize error detectors customized for user-specified levels of accuracy and coverage. FPD\n            <jats:sc>etect<\/jats:sc>\n            also enables overhead reduction techniques based on deploying these detectors coarsely in space and time. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the practicality of our approach.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3402451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T13:24:45Z","timestamp":1597670685000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["FPD\n            <scp>etect<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8421-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnab","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}]},{"given":"Sriram","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishna","family":"Tipireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"IEEE standard for floating-point arithmetic","author":"IEEE.","year":"2008","unstructured":"IEEE. 2008. IEEE standard for floating-point arithmetic . IEEE Std 754- 2008 (Aug. 2008), 1--70. IEEE. 2008. IEEE standard for floating-point arithmetic. IEEE Std 754-2008 (Aug. 2008), 1--70."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Partial Differential Equations 8 Boundary Value Problems with Maple","author":"Articolo George A.","unstructured":"George A. Articolo . 2009. Partial Differential Equations 8 Boundary Value Problems with Maple , Second Edition (2 nd ed.). Academic Press , Orlando, FL . George A. Articolo. 2009. Partial Differential Equations 8 Boundary Value Problems with Maple, Second Edition (2nd ed.). Academic Press, Orlando, FL.","edition":"2"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the POPL. 539--554","author":"Bao Wenlei","key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Wenlei Bao , Sriram Krishnamoorthy , Louis-No\u00ebl Pouchet , Fabrice Rastello , and P. Sadayappan . 2016. PolyCheck: Dynamic verification of iteration space transformations on affine programs . In Proceedings of the POPL. 539--554 . Wenlei Bao, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Louis-No\u00ebl Pouchet, Fabrice Rastello, and P. Sadayappan. 2016. PolyCheck: Dynamic verification of iteration space transformations on affine programs. In Proceedings of the POPL. 539--554."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2005.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARITH.2007.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11334-011-0151-6"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the ETAPS CC.","author":"Bondhugula Uday","key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Uday Bondhugula , Muthu Baskaran , Sriram Krishnamoorthy , J. Ramanujam , A. Rountev , and P. Sadayappan . 2008. Automatic transformations for communication-minimized parallelization and locality optimization in the polyhedral model . In Proceedings of the ETAPS CC. Uday Bondhugula, Muthu Baskaran, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, J. Ramanujam, A. Rountev, and P. Sadayappan. 2008. Automatic transformations for communication-minimized parallelization and locality optimization in the polyhedral model. In Proceedings of the ETAPS CC."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the PLDI. ACM","author":"Bondhugula Uday","key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"Uday Bondhugula , Albert Hartono , J. Ramanujam , and P. Sadayappan . 2008. A practical automatic polyhedral parallelizer and locality optimizer . In Proceedings of the PLDI. ACM , New York, NY, 101--113. Uday Bondhugula, Albert Hartono, J. Ramanujam, and P. Sadayappan. 2008. A practical automatic polyhedral parallelizer and locality optimizer. In Proceedings of the PLDI. ACM, New York, NY, 101--113."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Rinard","author":"Carbin Michael","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michael Carbin , Sasa Misailovic , and Martin C . Rinard . 2013 . Verifying quantitative reliability for programs that execute on unreliable hardware. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA. 33--52. Michael Carbin, Sasa Misailovic, and Martin C. Rinard. 2013. Verifying quantitative reliability for programs that execute on unreliable hardware. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA. 33--52."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2017.2752705"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3009837.3009846"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2535838.2535874"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3014426"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"Arnab Das Sriram Krishnamoorthy Ian Briggs Ganesh Gopalakrishnan and Ramakrishna Tipireddy. 2020. FPDetect: Efficient Reasoning About Stencil Programs Using Selective Direct Evaluation. arxiv:cs.DC\/2004.04359.  Arnab Das Sriram Krishnamoorthy Ian Briggs Ganesh Gopalakrishnan and Ramakrishna Tipireddy. 2020. FPDetect: Efficient Reasoning About Stencil Programs Using Selective Direct Evaluation. arxiv:cs.DC\/2004.04359."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Mu\u00f1oz","author":"Daumas Marc","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marc Daumas , Guillaume Melquiond , and C\u00e9sar A . Mu\u00f1oz . 2005 . Guaranteed proofs using interval arithmetic. In Proceedings of the ARITH. 188--195. Marc Daumas, Guillaume Melquiond, and C\u00e9sar A. Mu\u00f1oz. 2005. Guaranteed proofs using interval arithmetic. In Proceedings of the ARITH. 188--195."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NUMA.0000049462.70970.b6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2016.2517639"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2014.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Resilience in numerical methods: A position on fault models and methodologies. CoRR abs\/1401.3013","author":"Elliott James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James Elliott , Mark Hoemmen , and Frank Mueller . 2014. Resilience in numerical methods: A position on fault models and methodologies. CoRR abs\/1401.3013 ( 2014 ). James Elliott, Mark Hoemmen, and Frank Mueller. 2014. Resilience in numerical methods: A position on fault models and methodologies. CoRR abs\/1401.3013 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2749246.2749254"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Chien","author":"Fang Aiman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aiman Fang , Aur\u00e9lien Cavelan , Yves Robert , and Andrew A . Chien . 2017 . Resilience for stencil computations with latent errors. In Proceedings of the ICPP. 581--590. Aiman Fang, Aur\u00e9lien Cavelan, Yves Robert, and Andrew A. Chien. 2017. Resilience for stencil computations with latent errors. In Proceedings of the ICPP. 581--590."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Local recovery and failure masking for stencil-based applications at extreme scales","volume":"70","author":"Gamell Marc","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marc Gamell , Keita Teranishi , Michael A. Heroux , Jackson Mayo , Hemanth Kolla , Jacqueline Chen , and Manish Parashar . 2015 . Local recovery and failure masking for stencil-based applications at extreme scales . In Proceedings of the SC. 70 : 1 -- 70 :12. Marc Gamell, Keita Teranishi, Michael A. Heroux, Jackson Mayo, Hemanth Kolla, Jacqueline Chen, and Manish Parashar. 2015. Local recovery and failure masking for stencil-based applications at extreme scales. In Proceedings of the SC. 70:1--70:12.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SC."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/103162.103163"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the CLUSTER. 595--602","author":"Gomez L. A. B.","key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"L. A. B. Gomez and F. Cappello . 2015. Detecting and correcting data corruption in stencil applications through multivariate interpolation . In Proceedings of the CLUSTER. 595--602 . L. A. B. Gomez and F. Cappello. 2015. Detecting and correcting data corruption in stencil applications through multivariate interpolation. In Proceedings of the CLUSTER. 595--602."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3282307"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms","author":"Higham Nicholas J.","year":"1802","unstructured":"Nicholas J. Higham . 2002. Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms ( 2 nd ed.). Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Retrieved from https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1137\/1.97808987 1802 7. Nicholas J. Higham. 2002. Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms (2nd ed.). Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Retrieved from https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1137\/1.9780898718027.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1984.1676475"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3107615"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","first-page":"94720","article-title":"IEEE standard 754 for binary floating-point arithmetic","volume":"754","author":"Kahan William","year":"1996","unstructured":"William Kahan . 1996 . IEEE standard 754 for binary floating-point arithmetic . Lecture Notes Status IEEE 754 , 94720 - 91776 (1996), 11. William Kahan. 1996. IEEE standard 754 for binary floating-point arithmetic. Lecture Notes Status IEEE 754, 94720-1776 (1996), 11.","journal-title":"Lecture Notes Status IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3203217.3203240"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARITH.1997.614880"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2808704.2754959"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3015465"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Rinard","author":"Misailovic Sasa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sasa Misailovic , Michael Carbin , Sara Achour , Zichao Qi , and Martin C . Rinard . 2014 . Chisel : Reliability- and accuracy-aware optimization of approximate computational kernels. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA. 309--328. Sasa Misailovic, Michael Carbin, Sara Achour, Zichao Qi, and Martin C. Rinard. 2014. Chisel: Reliability- and accuracy-aware optimization of approximate computational kernels. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA. 309--328."},{"volume-title":"Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic","author":"Muller Jean-Michel","key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","unstructured":"Jean-Michel Muller , Nicolas Brisebarre , Florent de Dinechin , Claude-Pierre Jeannerod , Vincent Lef\u00e8vre , Guillaume Melquiond , Nathalie Revol , Damien Stehl\u00e9 , and Serge Torres . 2009. Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic . Birkhauser . Jean-Michel Muller, Nicolas Brisebarre, Florent de Dinechin, Claude-Pierre Jeannerod, Vincent Lef\u00e8vre, Guillaume Melquiond, Nathalie Revol, Damien Stehl\u00e9, and Serge Torres. 2009. Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic. Birkhauser."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the FCCM. 193--202","author":"Quinn H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"H. Quinn and P. Graham . 2005. Terrestrial-based radiation upsets: A cautionary tale . In Proceedings of the FCCM. 193--202 . DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FCCM. 2005 .61 H. Quinn and P. Graham. 2005. Terrestrial-based radiation upsets: A cautionary tale. In Proceedings of the FCCM. 193--202. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FCCM.2005.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2011.2158100"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the DSN. 97--108","author":"Sangchoolie B.","key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","unstructured":"B. Sangchoolie , K. Pattabiraman , and J. Karlsson . 2017. One bit is (not) enough: An empirical study of the impact of single and multiple bit-flip errors . In Proceedings of the DSN. 97--108 . B. Sangchoolie, K. Pattabiraman, and J. Karlsson. 2017. One bit is (not) enough: An empirical study of the impact of single and multiple bit-flip errors. In Proceedings of the DSN. 97--108."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45231-8_41"},{"volume-title":"Radiation-induced Soft Error: A Chip-level Modeling","author":"Seifert N.","key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","unstructured":"N. Seifert . 2010. Radiation-induced Soft Error: A Chip-level Modeling . Delft, The Netherlands . N. Seifert. 2010. Radiation-induced Soft Error: A Chip-level Modeling. Delft, The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/1184174"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Addressing failures in exascale computing","volume":"28","author":"Snir Marc","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marc Snir , Robert W. Wisniewski , Jacob A. Abraham , Sarita V. Adve , Saurabh Bagchi , et\u00a0al. 2014 . Addressing failures in exascale computing . Proceedings of the IJHPCA 28 , 2 (2014), 129 -- 173 . Marc Snir, Robert W. Wisniewski, Jacob A. Abraham, Sarita V. Adve, Saurabh Bagchi, et\u00a0al. 2014. Addressing failures in exascale computing. Proceedings of the IJHPCA 28, 2 (2014), 129--173.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IJHPCA"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230733"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTER.2017.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid.2016.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTER.2017.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","volume-title":"Bradley C. Kuszmaul, Chi-Keung Luk, and Charles E. Leiserson.","author":"Tang Yuan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuan Tang , Rezaul Alam Chowdhury , Bradley C. Kuszmaul, Chi-Keung Luk, and Charles E. Leiserson. 2011 . The pochoir stencil compiler. In Proceedings of the SPAA. 117--128. Yuan Tang, Rezaul Alam Chowdhury, Bradley C. Kuszmaul, Chi-Keung Luk, and Charles E. Leiserson. 2011. The pochoir stencil compiler. In Proceedings of the SPAA. 117--128."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2907294.2907306"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2807591.2807666"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","unstructured":"Ohio State University. 2012. the PolyOpt Polyhedral Compiler. Retrieved from http:\/\/hpcrl.cse.ohio-state.edu\/wiki\/index.php\/Polyhedral_Compilation.  Ohio State University. 2012. the PolyOpt Polyhedral Compiler. Retrieved from http:\/\/hpcrl.cse.ohio-state.edu\/wiki\/index.php\/Polyhedral_Compilation."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2362389.2362390"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2600212.2600232"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3018743.3018750"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"Sorin","author":"Zhang Yaqi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yaqi Zhang , Ralph Nathan , and Daniel J . Sorin . 2015 . Reduced Precision Checking to Detect Errors in Floating Point Arithmetic . arxiv:cs.NA\/1510.01145. Yaqi Zhang, Ralph Nathan, and Daniel J. Sorin. 2015. Reduced Precision Checking to Detect Errors in Floating Point Arithmetic. arxiv:cs.NA\/1510.01145."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3402451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3402451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:41:34Z","timestamp":1750200094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3402451"}},"subtitle":["Efficient Reasoning About Stencil Programs Using Selective Direct Evaluation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3402451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3402451","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1544-3566"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1544-3973"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}