{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:11:13Z","timestamp":1785172273066,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3409118.3475142","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T19:10:45Z","timestamp":1632165045000},"page":"247-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["In-Vehicle Intelligent Agents in Fully Autonomous Driving: The Effects of Speech Style and Embodiment Together and Separately"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Manhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seul Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsh","family":"Kamalesh Sanghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Eskew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myounghoon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S037346331800108X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-008-0001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Jackson Beatty. 1997. Pupillometric Measurement of Cognitive Workload.  Jackson Beatty. 1997. Pupillometric Measurement of Cognitive Workload."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction Part F1271","author":"Carpinella Colleen M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colleen M. Carpinella , Alisa B. Wyman , Michael A. Perez , and Steven J. Stroessner . 2017. The robotic social attributes scale (RoSAS): Development and validation . ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction Part F1271 , March 2017 : 254\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2909824.3020208 10.1145\/2909824.3020208 Colleen M. Carpinella, Alisa B. Wyman, Michael A. Perez, and Steven J. Stroessner. 2017. The robotic social attributes scale (RoSAS): Development and validation. ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction Part F1271, March 2017: 254\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2909824.3020208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181320641248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Staveland","author":"Hart Sandra G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sandra G. Hart and Lowell E . Staveland . 1988 . Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) : Results of empirical and theoretical r\u00e5esearch. . 139\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9 10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9 Sandra G. Hart and Lowell E. Staveland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical r\u00e5esearch. . 139\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_10_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp Hock Johannes Kraus Marcel Walch Nina Lang and Martin Baumann. 2016. Elaborating feedback strategies for maintaining automation in highly automated driving. AutomotiveUI 2016 - 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Proceedings: 105-112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3003715.3005414 10.1145\/3003715.3005414","DOI":"10.1145\/3003715.3005414"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_10_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp Hock Johannes Kraus Marcel Walch Nina Lang and Martin Baumann. 2016. Elaborating feedback strategies for maintaining automation in highly automated driving. AutomotiveUI 2016 - 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Proceedings: 105-112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3003715.3005414","DOI":"10.1145\/3003715.3005414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1351324900002497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"EUROSPEECH 2001 - SCANDINAVIA - 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology: 2083\u20132086","author":"Kate","unstructured":"Kate S. Hone and Robert Graham. 2001. Subjective assessment of speech-system interface usability . EUROSPEECH 2001 - SCANDINAVIA - 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology: 2083\u20132086 . Kate S. Hone and Robert Graham. 2001. Subjective assessment of speech-system interface usability. EUROSPEECH 2001 - SCANDINAVIA - 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology: 2083\u20132086."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Chung Hyuk Park, and Ayanna M. Howard","author":"Hosseini S. Maryam Fakhr","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Maryam Fakhr Hosseini , Dylan Lettinga , Eric Vasey , Zhi Zheng , Myounghoon Jeon , Chung Hyuk Park, and Ayanna M. Howard . 2017 . Both look and feel matter: Essential factors for robotic companionship. RO-MAN 2017 - 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication 2017-Janua: 150\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172294 10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172294 S. Maryam Fakhr Hosseini, Dylan Lettinga, Eric Vasey, Zhi Zheng, Myounghoon Jeon, Chung Hyuk Park, and Ayanna M. Howard. 2017. Both look and feel matter: Essential factors for robotic companionship. RO-MAN 2017 - 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication 2017-Janua: 150\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 311\u2013320","author":"Iqbal Shamsi T.","unstructured":"Shamsi T. Iqbal , Piotr D. Adamczyk , Xianjun Sam Zheng , and Brian P. Bailey . 2005. Towards an index of opportunity: understanding changes in mental workload during task execution . In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 311\u2013320 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1054972.1055016 10.1145\/1054972.1055016 Shamsi T. Iqbal, Piotr D. Adamczyk, Xianjun Sam Zheng, and Brian P. Bailey. 2005. Towards an index of opportunity: understanding changes in mental workload during task execution. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 311\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1054972.1055016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 1477\u20131480","author":"Iqbal Shamsi T.","unstructured":"Shamsi T. Iqbal , Xianjun Sam Zheng , and Brian P. Bailey . 2004. Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction . Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 1477\u20131480 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986094 10.1145\/985921.986094 Shamsi T. Iqbal, Xianjun Sam Zheng, and Brian P. Bailey. 2004. Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 1477\u20131480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 1477\u20131480","author":"Iqbal Shamsi T.","unstructured":"Shamsi T. Iqbal , Xianjun Sam Zheng , and Brian P. Bailey . 2004. Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction . Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 1477\u20131480 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986094 10.1145\/985921.986094 Shamsi T. Iqbal, Xianjun Sam Zheng, and Brian P. Bailey. 2004. Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 1477\u20131480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327566IJCE0401_04"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"I did not see that: in-car speech based information systems for older adults. In CHI \u201905 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI \u201905","author":"Jonsson Ing-Marie","year":"1953","unstructured":"Ing-Marie Jonsson , Mary Zajicek , Helen Harris , and Clifford Nass . 2005. Thank you , I did not see that: in-car speech based information systems for older adults. In CHI \u201905 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI \u201905 , 1953 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1056808.1057065 10.1145\/1056808.1057065 Ing-Marie Jonsson, Mary Zajicek, Helen Harris, and Clifford Nass. 2005. Thank you, I did not see that: in-car speech based information systems for older adults. In CHI \u201905 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI \u201905, 1953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1056808.1057065"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_21_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johannes Maria Kraus Florian Nothdurft Philipp Hock David Scholz Wolfgang Minker and Martin Baumann. 2016. Human after all: Effects of mere presence and social interaction of a humanoid robot as a co-driver in automated driving. AutomotiveUI 2016 - 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Adjunct Proceedings: 129-134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3004323.3004338 10.1145\/3004323.3004338","DOI":"10.1145\/3004323.3004338"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_21_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johannes Maria Kraus Florian Nothdurft Philipp Hock David Scholz Wolfgang Minker and Martin Baumann. 2016. Human after all: Effects of mere presence and social interaction of a humanoid robot as a co-driver in automated driving. AutomotiveUI 2016 - 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Adjunct Proceedings: 129-134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3004323.3004338","DOI":"10.1145\/3004323.3004338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1075-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Large and Gary E. Burnett","author":"David","year":"2013","unstructured":"David R. Large and Gary E. Burnett . 2013 . Drivers\u2019 preferences and emotional responses to satellite navigation voices. International journal of vehicle noise and vibration 9, 1\u20132: 28\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJVNV.2013.053815 10.1504\/IJVNV.2013.053815 David R. Large and Gary E. Burnett. 2013. Drivers\u2019 preferences and emotional responses to satellite navigation voices. International journal of vehicle noise and vibration 9, 1\u20132: 28\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJVNV.2013.053815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342197.3344545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3349263.3351515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.11.4.327.11873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems celebrating interdependence - CHI \u201994","author":"Nass Clifford","year":"1916","unstructured":"Clifford Nass , Jonathan Steuer , and Ellen R. Tauber . 1994. Computers are social actors . In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems celebrating interdependence - CHI \u201994 , 72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/ 1916 66.191703 10.1145\/191666.191703 Clifford Nass, Jonathan Steuer, and Ellen R. Tauber. 1994. Computers are social actors. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems celebrating interdependence - CHI \u201994, 72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/191666.191703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Companion of the 2020 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 430\u2013432","author":"Sarigul Busra","unstructured":"Busra Sarigul , Imge Saltik , Batuhan Hokelek , and Burcu A. Urgen . 2020. Does the Appearance of an Agent Affect How We Perceive his\/her Voice? In Companion of the 2020 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 430\u2013432 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3371382.3378302 10.1145\/3371382.3378302 Busra Sarigul, Imge Saltik, Batuhan Hokelek, and Burcu A. Urgen. 2020. Does the Appearance of an Agent Affect How We Perceive his\/her Voice? In Companion of the 2020 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 430\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3371382.3378302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Willem Sleegers. 2021. eyepatch.  Willem Sleegers. 2021. eyepatch."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3125739.3125743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","first-page":"619","article-title":"Reducing driver task load and promoting sociability through an Affective Intelligent Driving Agent (AIDA). Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 8120 LNCS","volume":"4","author":"Williams Kenton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenton Williams and Cynthia Breazeal . 2013 . Reducing driver task load and promoting sociability through an Affective Intelligent Driving Agent (AIDA). Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 8120 LNCS , PART 4 : 619 \u2013 626 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-40498-6_53 10.1007\/978-3-642-40498-6_53 Kenton Williams and Cynthia Breazeal. 2013. Reducing driver task load and promoting sociability through an Affective Intelligent Driving Agent (AIDA). Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 8120 LNCS, PART 4: 619\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-40498-6_53","journal-title":"PART"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518800869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 5\u201310","author":"Wong Priscilla N.Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priscilla N.Y. Wong , Duncan P. Brumby , Harsha Vardhan Ramesh Babu , and Kota Kobayashi . 2019 . \u201c Watch out!\u201d Semi-autonomous vehicles using assertive voices to grab distracted drivers\u2019 attention . Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 5\u201310 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290607.3312838 10.1145\/3290607.3312838 Priscilla N.Y. Wong, Duncan P. Brumby, Harsha Vardhan Ramesh Babu, and Kota Kobayashi. 2019. \u201cWatch out!\u201d Semi-autonomous vehicles using assertive voices to grab distracted drivers\u2019 attention. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: 5\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290607.3312838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v014.i06"}],"event":{"name":"AutomotiveUI '21: 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","location":"Leeds United Kingdom","acronym":"AutomotiveUI '21","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3409118.3475142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3409118.3475142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:41:01Z","timestamp":1750200061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3409118.3475142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3409118.3475142","10.1145\/3409118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3409118.3475142","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}