{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:18:18Z","timestamp":1762341498822,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":31,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3409934.3409944","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T14:43:26Z","timestamp":1598366606000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["TheChain"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Ikbal","family":"Nacer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simant","family":"Prakoonwit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Alarab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Adam Back and others. 2002. Hashcash-a denial of service counter-measure. (2002).  Adam Back and others. 2002. Hashcash-a denial of service counter-measure. (2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2623588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e21080723"},{"volume-title":"Sequences Ii","author":"Bayer Dave","key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1"},{"volume-title":"4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI). IEEE, 1--6.","year":"2018","author":"Belotti Marianna","key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2695533.2695545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2019.8845163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaushal Chari. 2003. Model composition in a distributed environment. (2003) 399--413.  Kaushal Chari. 2003. Model composition in a distributed environment. (2003) 399--413.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(02)00116-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2901858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2019.2900638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45472-5_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Vincent Gramoli. 2017. From blockchain consensus back to byzantine consensus. Future Generation Computer Systems (2017).  Vincent Gramoli. 2017. From blockchain consensus back to byzantine consensus. Future Generation Computer Systems (2017)."},{"volume-title":"Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptography. Springer, 437--455","year":"1990","author":"Haber Stuart","key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Jehyuk Jang and Heung-No Lee. 2019. Profitable double-spending attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.01711 (2019).  Jehyuk Jang and Heung-No Lee. 2019. Profitable double-spending attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.01711 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of WEIS","volume":"2013","author":"Kroll Joshua A","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70278-0_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Ziyao Liu Nguyen Cong Luong Wenbo Wang Dusit Niyato Ping Wang Ying-Chang Liang and Dong In Kim. 2019. A survey on applications of game theory in blockchain. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1902.10865 (2019).  Ziyao Liu Nguyen Cong Luong Wenbo Wang Dusit Niyato Ping Wang Ying-Chang Liang and Dong In Kim. 2019. A survey on applications of game theory in blockchain. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1902.10865 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.1980.10006"},{"volume-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Technical Report. Manubot.","year":"2019","author":"Nakamoto Satoshi","key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Serguei Popov. 2016. The tangle. cit. on (2016) 131.  Serguei Popov. 2016. The tangle. cit. on (2016) 131."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Chander Ramchandani. 1973. Analysis of asynchronous concurrent systems by timed Petri nets. Ph.D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Chander Ramchandani. 1973. Analysis of asynchronous concurrent systems by timed Petri nets. Ph.D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318041.3355469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Muhammad Saad Jeffrey Spaulding Laurent Njilla Charles Kamhoua Sachin Shetty DaeHun Nyang and Aziz Mohaisen. 2019. Exploring the attack surface of blockchain: A systematic overview. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1904.03487 (2019).  Muhammad Saad Jeffrey Spaulding Laurent Njilla Charles Kamhoua Sachin Shetty DaeHun Nyang and Aziz Mohaisen. 2019. Exploring the attack surface of blockchain: A systematic overview. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1904.03487 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3211933.3211942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Nick Szabo. 1997. Formalising and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2 9 (1997).  Nick Szabo. 1997. Formalising and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2 9 (1997)."},{"volume-title":"Re-Tangle: A ReRAM-based Processing-in-Memory Architecture for Transaction-based Blockchain. In 2019 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD). IEEE, 1--8.","year":"2019","author":"Wang Qian","key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Yang Xiao Ning Zhang Wenjing Lou and Y Thomas Hou. 2020. A survey of distributed consensus protocols for blockchain networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2020).  Yang Xiao Ning Zhang Wenjing Lou and Y Thomas Hou. 2020. A survey of distributed consensus protocols for blockchain networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2272394"}],"event":{"name":"IECC 2020: 2020 2nd International Electronics Communication Conference","acronym":"IECC 2020","location":"Singapore Singapore"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2020 2nd International Electronics Communication Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3409934.3409944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:17:08Z","timestamp":1750191428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3409934.3409944"}},"subtitle":["A Fast, Secure and Parallel Treatment of Transactions"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3409934.3409944","10.1145\/3409934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3409934.3409944","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]}}}