{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T07:30:46Z","timestamp":1778052646739,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Identification Technology Research"},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["1822190 and 1718375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1822190 and 1718375"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, biometrics (e.g., fingerprint or face recognition) has replaced traditional passwords and PINs as a widely used method for user authentication, particularly in personal or mobile devices. Differing from state-of-the-art biometrics, heart biometrics offer the advantages of liveness detection, which provides strong tolerance to spoofing attacks. To date, several authentication methods primarily focusing on electrocardiogram (ECG) have demonstrated remarkable success; however, the degree of exploration with other cardiac signals is still limited. To this end, we discuss the challenges in various cardiac domains and propose future prospectives for developing effective heart biometrics systems in real-world applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3410158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T22:23:20Z","timestamp":1607293400000},"page":"1-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["A Survey on Heart Biometrics"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3148-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya Singh","family":"Rathore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengxiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3020-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanpeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"2018. Ultrasound Probe. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.123sonography.com\/ebook\/ultrasound-probe.  2018. Ultrasound Probe. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.123sonography.com\/ebook\/ultrasound-probe."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA\u201917)","author":"Abdelazez Mohamed"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2690836"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-013-0593-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS\u201915)","author":"Abo-Zahhad Mohammed"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8036929"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foteini Agrafioti Jiexin Gao and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. 2011. Heart biometrics: Theory methods and applications. In Biometrics. InTech.  Foteini Agrafioti Jiexin Gao and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. 2011. Heart biometrics: Theory methods and applications. In Biometrics. InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/18113"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WorldCIS.2013.6751021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering3030020"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/3\/R01"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2475-7586.1000129"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6346786"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2013.2279001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Formal to Practical Security","author":"Barral Claude"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2007.902922"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6363(96)00081-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/19.930458"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2968215"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics5040075"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOMS.2013.6656145"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6347126"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Biosignal Interpretation","volume":"15","author":"Br\u00fcser Christoph","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication (IEMCON\u201915)","author":"Bui Avy An"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS\u201916)","author":"Cai Hang"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Pinho","author":"Carvalho Joao M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2051542"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057220"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2010.2084078"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2548519"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2016.0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","volume":"658","author":"Cosoli G.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/27\/6\/065701"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2012.0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466231"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE on Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC\u201911)","author":"He David Da"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS\u201913)","author":"Da Silva Hugo Pl\u00e1cido"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2784362"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2009.5235366"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis and Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support","author":"Dezaki Fatemeh Taheri"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ISOC Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS'17)","author":"Eberz Simon"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2018.8350983"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2010.5634493"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8036859"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1973.9030"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2005.1571389"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN\u201915)","author":"Gavriel Constantinos"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001401000836"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"Goodfellow Ian"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/11\/005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine","author":"Gu Y. Y.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIC-STH.2009.5444466"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29305-4_149"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 35th IEEE Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC\u201913)","author":"G\u00fcrkan Hakan"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2402199"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2016.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology e-Book","author":"Hall John E."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","volume-title":"Cancelable biometric authentication system based on ECG. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 78.2","author":"Hammad Mohamed","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xingui He and Shaohua Xu. 2010. Artificial neural networks. Process Neural Netw.: Theory Appl. (2010) 20--42.  Xingui He and Shaohua Xu. 2010. Artificial neural networks. Process Neural Netw.: Theory Appl. (2010) 20--42.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73762-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-011-0252-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2016.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa5070"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","volume-title":"Computers in Cardiology","author":"Hoekema R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.918594"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2014.2361732"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2012.2188535"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"ECG to identify individuals","volume":"38","author":"Israel Steven A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2005 13th European Signal Processing Conference. Citeseer, 1--4.","author":"Jain Anil K.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2014.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications (ICACEA\u201915)","author":"Jambukia Shweta H."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.884"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2441876"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7592193"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIT.2017.8261221"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272692"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2014.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","volume-title":"Green","author":"Kozmann Gyorgy","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.001565"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","volume-title":"Deep-ECG: Convolutional neural networks for ECG biometric recognition. Pattern Recognition Letters","author":"Labati Ruggero Donida","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2013.6707790"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010238"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0056-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6854306"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3117811.3117839"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2013.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2010.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu136"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2599270"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200011000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_98_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Support vector machines","volume":"1","author":"Meyer David","year":"2001","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/34\/9\/R47"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_100_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC\u201912)","author":"Migeotte P. F."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_101_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Security. Springer, 361--380","author":"Mjaaland Bendik B.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.543975"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6122530"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66188-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2017.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_106_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS\u201910)","author":"Odinaka Ikenna"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2215324"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.819611"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_109_1","volume-title":"Heart Physiology: From Cell to Circulation","author":"Opie Lionel H.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_110_1","volume-title":"Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems","author":"Palaniappan Ramaswamy"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1985.325532"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2010.5495553"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.1994.tb01074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7320273"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/51.32403"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2391437"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_117_1","unstructured":"PCB. 2017. Introduction to MEMS Accelerometers. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.pcb.com\/Resources\/Technical-Information\/mems-accelerometers.  PCB. 2017. Introduction to MEMS Accelerometers. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.pcb.com\/Resources\/Technical-Information\/mems-accelerometers."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_118_1","volume-title":"Extraction of heart rate variability from smartphone photoplethysmograms. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015","author":"Peng Rong-Chao","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2007.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874120701004010201"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2849870"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102228"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150715067"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_124_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Biometric Consortium Conference: Special Session on Research at the. IEEE, 1--6.","author":"Plataniotis Konstantinos N."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2006.1632652"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/11\/3\/318"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_128_1","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Three-dimensional ballistocardiography and respiratory motion in sustained microgravity","volume":"72","author":"Prisk G. K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2016.2519523"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_130_1","article-title":"An attendance monitoring system using biometrics authentication","volume":"3","author":"Rao Seema","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.260359"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_132_1","volume-title":"Gaussian mixture models. Encyclopedia of Biometrics","author":"Reynolds Douglas","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBA.2015.7126356"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_134_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Conference on Sensors. IEEE","author":"Bukkapatnam Akkarapol"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120810851"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI.2017.7897262"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2011.2162408"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952519"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1367985.1367993"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051525"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2015.7358757"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01040"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_144_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International eHealth, Telemedicine and Health ICT Forum for Educational, Networking and Business.","author":"Silva Hugo","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01793-3_128"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2012.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSP.2013.6622835"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_148_1","volume-title":"Advances in Data and Information Sciences","author":"Srivastva Ranjeet"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_149_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC\u201916)","author":"Struijk Johannes J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_150_1","unstructured":"Ilya Sutskever Oriol Vinyals and Quoc V Le. 2014. Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 3104--3112.  Ilya Sutskever Oriol Vinyals and Quoc V Le. 2014. Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 3104--3112."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2015.7145210"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020410"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_153_1","volume-title":"Feature selection for classification: A review","author":"Tang Jiliang","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6552\/aa51ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_155_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conferences on Advances in Biometrics (ICB\u201909)","volume":"5558","author":"Tistarelli Massimo"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.212060"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150820730"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2013.2277870"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_159_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR\u201910)","author":"Venkatesh N.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.021434"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2648741"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/148658"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2012-465"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/transinf.2017EDP7285"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS.2015.7348361"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7592066"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_168_1","volume-title":"Combined Seismo-and Gyro-cardiography: A more comprehensive evaluation of heart-induced chest vibrations","author":"Yang Chenxi","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2228-7477.175871"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICGEC.2011.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2707460"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UEMCON.2017.8249111"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s130202530"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2006.1660554"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3410158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3410158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3410158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:40:59Z","timestamp":1750200059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3410158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3410158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3410158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}