{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T18:42:42Z","timestamp":1774291362870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Key Research and Technology Development Projects of Anhui Province","award":["202004a05020043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202004a05020043"]}]},{"name":"ICAI"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61872446, 71690233, 61806035, U1936217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872446, 71690233, 61806035, U1936217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"PNSF of Hunan","award":["2019JJ20024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJ20024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Top-\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            recommendations have been studied extensively. Promising results have been achieved by recent item-based collaborative filtering (ICF) methods. The key to ICF lies in the estimation of item similarities. Observing the\n            <jats:italic>block-diagonal structure<\/jats:italic>\n            of the item similarities in practice, we propose a block-diagonal regularization (BDR) over item similarities for ICF. The intuitions behind BDR are as follows: (1) with BDR, item clustering is embedded into the learning of ICF methods; (2) BDR induces sparsity of item similarities, which guarantees recommendation efficiency; and (3) BDR captures in-block transitivity to overcome rating sparsity. By regularizing the item similarity matrix of item similarity models with BDR, we obtain a block-aware item similarity model. Our experimental evaluations on a large number of datasets show that the block-diagonal structure is crucial to the performance of top-\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            recommendation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3411754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T03:38:41Z","timestamp":1599795521000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Block-Aware Item Similarity Models for Top-\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            Recommendation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6450-3617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1029-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei University of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0911-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten De","family":"Rijke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam 8 Ahold Delhaize, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Italian Information Retrieval Workshop (IIR\u201913)","author":"Aiolli Fabio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fabio Aiolli . 2013 . A preliminary study on a recommender system for the Million Songs Dataset Challenge . In Proceedings of the 4th Italian Information Retrieval Workshop (IIR\u201913) . 73--83. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-964\/paper12.pdf. Fabio Aiolli. 2013. A preliminary study on a recommender system for the Million Songs Dataset Challenge. In Proceedings of the 4th Italian Information Retrieval Workshop (IIR\u201913). 73--83. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-964\/paper12.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3184558.3191586"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052694"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW\u201917)","author":"Beutel Alex","unstructured":"Alex Beutel , Ed Huai-Hsin Chi , Zhiyuan Cheng , Hubert Pham , and John R. Anderson . 2017. Beyond globally optimal: Focused learning for improved recommendations . In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW\u201917) . 203--212. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3038912.3052713 Alex Beutel, Ed Huai-Hsin Chi, Zhiyuan Cheng, Hubert Pham, and John R. Anderson. 2017. Beyond globally optimal: Focused learning for improved recommendations. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW\u201917). 203--212. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3038912.3052713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2008.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3077136.3080697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2830336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2014.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2959100.2959185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Chung and Fan Chung Graham","author":"Fan R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fan R. K. Chung and Fan Chung Graham . 1997 . Spectral Graph Theory. Number 92. American Mathematical Society . Fan R. K. Chung and Fan Chung Graham. 1997. Spectral Graph Theory. Number 92. American Mathematical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Anh Huy Phan, and Shun-Ichi Amari","author":"Cichocki Andrzej","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andrzej Cichocki , Rafal Zdunek , Anh Huy Phan, and Shun-Ichi Amari . 2009 . Nonnegative Matrix and Tensor Factorizations\u2014Applications to Exploratory Multi-Way Data Analysis and Blind Source Separation. Wiley . Andrzej Cichocki, Rafal Zdunek, Anh Huy Phan, and Shun-Ichi Amari. 2009. Nonnegative Matrix and Tensor Factorizations\u2014Applications to Exploratory Multi-Way Data Analysis and Blind Source Separation. Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864708.1864721"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3298689.3347058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/963770.963776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209978.3209991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.35.11.652"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2005.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6377(99)00074-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on User Modelling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP\u201915)","volume":"1388","author":"Guo Guibing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guibing Guo , Jie Zhang , Zhu Sun , and Neil Yorke-Smith . 2015 . LibRec: A Java library for recommender systems . In Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on User Modelling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP\u201915) , Vol. 1388 . Guibing Guo, Jie Zhang, Zhu Sun, and Neil Yorke-Smith. 2015. LibRec: A Java library for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on User Modelling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP\u201915), Vol. 1388."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2831682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052569"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2911451.2911489"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD\u201918)","author":"Hu Binbin","year":"1981","unstructured":"Binbin Hu , Chuan Shi , Wayne Xin Zhao , and Philip S. Yu . 2018. Leveraging meta-path based context for top-N recommendation with a neural co-attention model . In Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD\u201918) . ACM, New York, NY, 1531--1540. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/32 1981 9.3219965 Binbin Hu, Chuan Shi, Wayne Xin Zhao, and Philip S. Yu. 2018. Leveraging meta-path based context for top-N recommendation with a neural co-attention model. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD\u201918). ACM, New York, NY, 1531--1540. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3219819.3219965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2008.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487575.2487589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611974348.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2983323.2983649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1401890.1401944"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13","author":"Lee Daniel D.","year":"1861","unstructured":"Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung . 2001. Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization . In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13 , T. K. Leen, T. G. Dietterich, and V. Tresp (Eds.). MIT Press , Cambridge, MA , 556\u2013562. http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/ 1861 -algorithms-for-non-negative-matrix-factorization. Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung. 2001. Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, T. K. Leen, T. G. Dietterich, and V. Tresp (Eds.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 556\u2013562. http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/1861-algorithms-for-non-negative-matrix-factorization."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2566486.2567970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"LLORMA: Local low-rank matrix approximation. Journal of Machine Learning Research 17","author":"Lee Joonseok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joonseok Lee , Seungyeon Kim , Guy Lebanon , Yoram Singer , and Samy Bengio . 2016 . LLORMA: Local low-rank matrix approximation. Journal of Machine Learning Research 17 (2016), Article 15, 24 pages. Joonseok Lee, Seungyeon Kim, Guy Lebanon, Yoram Singer, and Samy Bengio. 2016. LLORMA: Local low-rank matrix approximation. Journal of Machine Learning Research 17 (2016), Article 15, 24 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178876.3186150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2794348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33786-4_26"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201913)","author":"Julian","unstructured":"Julian J. McAuley and Jure Leskovec. 2013. Hidden factors and hidden topics: Understanding rating dimensions with review text . In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201913) . ACM, New York, NY, 165--172. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2507157.2507163 Julian J. McAuley and Jure Leskovec. 2013. Hidden factors and hidden topics: Understanding rating dimensions with review text. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201913). ACM, New York, NY, 165--172. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2507157.2507163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Graph Theory, Combinatorics, and Applications.","author":"Mohar Bojan","unstructured":"Bojan Mohar . 1991. The Laplacian spectrum of graphs . In Graph Theory, Combinatorics, and Applications. Vol. 2 . Wiley , 871--898. Bojan Mohar. 1991. The Laplacian spectrum of graphs. In Graph Theory, Combinatorics, and Applications. Vol. 2. Wiley, 871--898."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2011.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2365952.2365983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGIR Workshop on Recommender Systems. ACM","author":"O\u2019Connor Mark","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mark O\u2019Connor and Jon Herlocker . 1999 . Clustering items for collaborative filtering . In Proceedings of the SIGIR Workshop on Recommender Systems. ACM , New York, NY. Mark O\u2019Connor and Jon Herlocker. 1999. Clustering items for collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the SIGIR Workshop on Recommender Systems. ACM, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Steffen Rendle. 2019. Evaluation metrics for item recommendation under sampling. arXiv:1912.02263  Steffen Rendle. 2019. Evaluation metrics for item recommendation under sampling. arXiv:1912.02263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI\u201909)","author":"Rendle Steffen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steffen Rendle , Christoph Freudenthaler , Zeno Gantner , and Lars Schmidt-Thieme . 2009 . BPR: Bayesian personalized ranking from implicit feedback . In Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI\u201909) . 452--461. Steffen Rendle, Christoph Freudenthaler, Zeno Gantner, and Lars Schmidt-Thieme. 2009. BPR: Bayesian personalized ranking from implicit feedback. In Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI\u201909). 452--461."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francesco Ricci Lior Rokach and Bracha Shapira (Eds.). 2015. Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer.  Francesco Ricci Lior Rokach and Bracha Shapira (Eds.). 2015. Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7637-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/371920.372071"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313710"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201916)","author":"Wang Keqiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keqiang Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Hongwei Peng , and Xiaoling Wang . 2016 . Bayesian probabilistic multi-topic matrix factorization for rating prediction . In Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201916) . 3910--3916. MISSING Keqiang Wang, Wayne Xin Zhao, Hongwei Peng, and Xiaoling Wang. 2016. Bayesian probabilistic multi-topic matrix factorization for rating prediction. In Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201916). 3910--3916. MISSING"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2655449"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3304222.3304266"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2835776.2835837"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2835776.2835836"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2764262"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187840"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314578"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1076034.1076056"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201908)","author":"Yildirim Hilmi","unstructured":"Hilmi Yildirim and Mukkai S. Krishnamoorthy . 2008. A random walk method for alleviating the sparsity problem in collaborative filtering . In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201908) . ACM, New York, NY, 131--138. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1454008.1454031 Hilmi Yildirim and Mukkai S. Krishnamoorthy. 2008. A random walk method for alleviating the sparsity problem in collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201908). ACM, New York, NY, 131--138. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1454008.1454031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2488388.2488520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201916)","author":"Zhao Feipeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feipeng Zhao and Yuhong Guo . 2016 . Improving top-N recommendation with heterogeneous loss . In Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201916) . 2378--2384. http:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/Abstract\/16\/339. Feipeng Zhao and Yuhong Guo. 2016. Improving top-N recommendation with heterogeneous loss. In Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201916). 2378--2384. http:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/Abstract\/16\/339."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060745.1060754"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3411754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3411754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:02:39Z","timestamp":1750197759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3411754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3411754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411754","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-8188","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}