{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T03:27:43Z","timestamp":1767065263564,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":75,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445144","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T04:26:17Z","timestamp":1620447977000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fostering Equitable Help-Seeking for K-3 Students in Low Income and Rural Contexts"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Odili Uchidiuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Koedinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Ogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144341032000160146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-006-9012-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Margarita Azmitia. 1996. Peer interactive minds: Developmental theoretical and methodological issues. Interactive minds: Life-span perspectives on the social foundation of cognition: 133\u2013162.  Margarita Azmitia. 1996. Peer interactive minds: Developmental theoretical and methodological issues. Interactive minds: Life-span perspectives on the social foundation of cognition: 133\u2013162."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-007-9018-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephany Berinstein and Lilian Magalhaes. 2009. A study of the essence of play experience to children living in Zanzibar Tanzania. Occupational therapy international 16 2: 89\u2013106.  Stephany Berinstein and Lilian Magalhaes. 2009. A study of the essence of play experience to children living in Zanzibar Tanzania. Occupational therapy international 16 2: 89\u2013106.","DOI":"10.1002\/oti.270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2876034.2876046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407594113011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Tak-Wai Chan and Chih-Yueh Chou. 1997. Exploring the design of computer supports for reciprocal tutoring.  Tak-Wai Chan and Chih-Yueh Chou. 1997. Exploring the design of computer supports for reciprocal tutoring."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xinyin Chen Kenneth H. Rubin and Dan Li. 1997. Relation between academic achievement and social adjustment: Evidence from Chinese children. Developmental psychology 33 3: 518.  Xinyin Chen Kenneth H. Rubin and Dan Li. 1997. Relation between academic achievement and social adjustment: Evidence from Chinese children. Developmental psychology 33 3: 518.","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.3.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02607470600982142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 2008. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks.  Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 2008. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452230153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Don Dansereau and D. W. Johnson. 1994. Cooperative learning. Learning remembering believing: Enhancing human performance: 83\u2013111.  Don Dansereau and D. W. Johnson. 1994. Cooperative learning. Learning remembering believing: Enhancing human performance: 83\u2013111."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-008-0299-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Janice Webb Early. 1999. The impact of peer tutoring on self-esteem and Texas Assessment of Academic Skills mathematics performance of tenth-grade students.  Janice Webb Early. 1999. The impact of peer tutoring on self-esteem and Texas Assessment of Academic Skills mathematics performance of tenth-grade students."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"B. Egeland N. Weinfield M. Hiester C. Lawrence S. Pierce K. Chippendale and J. Powell. 1995. Teaching tasks administration and scoring manual. University of Minnesota.  B. Egeland N. Weinfield M. Hiester C. Lawrence S. Pierce K. Chippendale and J. Powell. 1995. Teaching tasks administration and scoring manual. University of Minnesota."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Charles R. Greenwood. 1996. Research on the practices and behavior of effective teachers at the Juniper Gardens Children's Project: Implications for the education of diverse learners. Research on classroom ecologies: 39\u201367.  Charles R. Greenwood. 1996. Research on the practices and behavior of effective teachers at the Juniper Gardens Children's Project: Implications for the education of diverse learners. Research on classroom ecologies: 39\u201367."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Willard W. Hartup. 1992. Having Friends Making Friends and Keeping Friends: Relationships as Educational Contexts. ERIC Digest.  Willard W. Hartup. 1992. Having Friends Making Friends and Keeping Friends: Relationships as Educational Contexts. ERIC Digest."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danielle Herro Cassie Quigley Jessica Andrews and Girlie Delacruz. 2017. Co-Measure: developing an assessment for student collaboration in STEAM activities. International journal of STEM education 4 1: 26.  Danielle Herro Cassie Quigley Jessica Andrews and Girlie Delacruz. 2017. Co-Measure: developing an assessment for student collaboration in STEAM activities. International journal of STEM education 4 1: 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-017-0094-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Shapiro","author":"Hintze John M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"John M. Hintze , Robert J. Volpe , and Edward S . Shapiro . 2002 . Best practices in the systematic direct observation of student behavior. Best practices in school psychology 4: 993\u20131006. John M. Hintze, Robert J. Volpe, and Edward S. Shapiro. 2002. Best practices in the systematic direct observation of student behavior. Best practices in school psychology 4: 993\u20131006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.3660310604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.90.1.134"},{"volume-title":"The State of Education in Tanzania: crisis and opportunity","author":"Kuleana T.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"T. Kuleana . 1999. The State of Education in Tanzania: crisis and opportunity . Kuleana Centre , Dar es Salaam. T. Kuleana. 1999. The State of Education in Tanzania: crisis and opportunity. Kuleana Centre, Dar es Salaam."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Yi-Chia Wang, Mahesh Joshi, and Allen Robinson.","author":"Kumar Rohit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rohit Kumar , Carolyn Penstein Ros\u00e9 , Yi-Chia Wang, Mahesh Joshi, and Allen Robinson. 2007 . Tutorial dialogue as adaptive collaborative learning support. Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications 158: 383. Rohit Kumar, Carolyn Penstein Ros\u00e9, Yi-Chia Wang, Mahesh Joshi, and Allen Robinson. 2007. Tutorial dialogue as adaptive collaborative learning support. Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications 158: 383."},{"volume-title":"Child care and culture: Lessons from Africa","author":"LeVine Robert A.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Robert A. LeVine , Suzanne Dixon , Sarah LeVine , Amy Richman , Constance H. Keefer , P. Herbert Leiderman , and T. Berry Brazelton . 1996. Child care and culture: Lessons from Africa . Cambridge University Press . Robert A. LeVine, Suzanne Dixon, Sarah LeVine, Amy Richman, Constance H. Keefer, P. Herbert Leiderman, and T. Berry Brazelton. 1996. Child care and culture: Lessons from Africa. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Verspoor","author":"Lockheed Marlaine E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Marlaine E. Lockheed and Adriaan M . Verspoor . 1991 . Improving primary education in developing countries. Oxford University Press for World Bank . Marlaine E. Lockheed and Adriaan M. Verspoor. 1991. Improving primary education in developing countries. Oxford University Press for World Bank."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Strategies to retain and motivate employees in Africa: Examining the case of the ministry of education in Zambia","volume":"5","author":"Masaiti Gift","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gift Masaiti and Pamela Nachona Naluyele . 2011 . Strategies to retain and motivate employees in Africa: Examining the case of the ministry of education in Zambia . African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 5 , 8: 409 \u2013 423 . Gift Masaiti and Pamela Nachona Naluyele. 2011. Strategies to retain and motivate employees in Africa: Examining the case of the ministry of education in Zambia. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 5, 8: 409\u2013423.","journal-title":"African Journal of Political Science and International Relations"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Situational analysis of education of girls\/women in Tanzania","volume":"3","author":"Meena Ruth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruth Meena . 2018 . Situational analysis of education of girls\/women in Tanzania . Utafiti Journal 3 , 2 . Ruth Meena. 2018. Situational analysis of education of girls\/women in Tanzania. Utafiti Journal 3, 2.","journal-title":"Utafiti Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Donald Meichenbaum and Andrew Biemiller. 1998. Nurturing independent learners: Helping students take charge of their learning. ERIC.  Donald Meichenbaum and Andrew Biemiller. 1998. Nurturing independent learners: Helping students take charge of their learning. ERIC."},{"volume-title":"The effects of cross-age tutoring upon the decoding skills, attitude toward reading, teacher perceptions of reading improvement, and the self-concept of inner-city at-risk students","author":"Menikoff Laura","key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Laura Menikoff . 1999. The effects of cross-age tutoring upon the decoding skills, attitude toward reading, teacher perceptions of reading improvement, and the self-concept of inner-city at-risk students . City University of New York . Laura Menikoff. 1999. The effects of cross-age tutoring upon the decoding skills, attitude toward reading, teacher perceptions of reading improvement, and the self-concept of inner-city at-risk students. City University of New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.1328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468798410372162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Msaki Emma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Emma Msaki . 2006 . THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING Education Sector Development Programme . Retrieved August 12, 2019 from https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/7040480\/THE_UNITED_REPUBLIC_OF_TANZANIA_MINISTRY_OF_EDUCATION_AND_VOCATIONAL_TRAINING_Education_Sector_Development_Programme Emma Msaki. 2006. THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING Education Sector Development Programme. Retrieved August 12, 2019 from https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/7040480\/THE_UNITED_REPUBLIC_OF_TANZANIA_MINISTRY_OF_EDUCATION_AND_VOCATIONAL_TRAINING_Education_Sector_Development_Programme"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2009.10.002"},{"volume-title":"Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda","author":"Mulkeen Aidan","key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Aidan Mulkeen and Dandan Chen . 2008. Teachers for rural schools: experiences in Lesotho , Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda . The World Bank . Aidan Mulkeen and Dandan Chen. 2008. Teachers for rural schools: experiences in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda. The World Bank."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022109346954"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1994.1015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Brown","author":"Palinscar Aannemarie Sullivan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aannemarie Sullivan Palinscar and Ann L . Brown . 1984 . Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and instruction 1, 2: 117\u2013175. Aannemarie Sullivan Palinscar and Ann L. Brown. 1984. Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and instruction 1, 2: 117\u2013175."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Parr and Michael AR Townsend","author":"Judy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Judy M. Parr and Michael AR Townsend . 2002 . Environments, processes, and mechanisms in peer learning. International journal of educational research 37, 5: 403\u2013423. Judy M. Parr and Michael AR Townsend. 2002. Environments, processes, and mechanisms in peer learning. International journal of educational research 37, 5: 403\u2013423."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(03)00076-4"},{"volume-title":"Navigating connected inquiry learning with ScienceKit","author":"Pauw Daniel","key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Daniel Pauw , Tamara Clegg , June Ahn , Elizabeth Bonsignore , Jason C. Yip , and Judith Uchidiuno . 2015. Navigating connected inquiry learning with ScienceKit . . International Society of the Learning Sciences, Inc.[ISLS]. Daniel Pauw, Tamara Clegg, June Ahn, Elizabeth Bonsignore, Jason C. Yip, and Judith Uchidiuno. 2015. Navigating connected inquiry learning with ScienceKit. . International Society of the Learning Sciences, Inc.[ISLS]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Roy D. Pea. 1993. Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education. Distributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations 11: 47\u201387.  Roy D. Pea. 1993. Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education. Distributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations 11: 47\u201387."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy D. Pea. 2004. The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning education and human activity. The journal of the learning sciences 13 3: 423\u2013451.  Roy D. Pea. 2004. The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning education and human activity. The journal of the learning sciences 13 3: 423\u2013451.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1303_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.90.4.715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10308-005-0008-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"The 3rd International Conference on Computer Supported Education","author":"Razmerita Liana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liana Razmerita and Armelle Brun . 2011 . Collaborative learning in heterogeneous classes . In The 3rd International Conference on Computer Supported Education , 189194. Liana Razmerita and Armelle Brun. 2011. Collaborative learning in heterogeneous classes. In The 3rd International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 189194."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00704.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carolyn Ros\u00e9 Yi-Chia Wang Yue Cui Jaime Arguello Karsten Stegmann Armin Weinberger and Frank Fischer. 2008. Analyzing collaborative learning processes automatically: Exploiting the advances of computational linguistics in computer-supported collaborative learning. International journal of computer-supported collaborative learning 3 3: 237\u2013271.  Carolyn Ros\u00e9 Yi-Chia Wang Yue Cui Jaime Arguello Karsten Stegmann Armin Weinberger and Frank Fischer. 2008. Analyzing collaborative learning processes automatically: Exploiting the advances of computational linguistics in computer-supported collaborative learning. International journal of computer-supported collaborative learning 3 3: 237\u2013271.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-007-9034-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-016-0102-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"SOCIOMETRY IN THE CLASSROOM. Retrieved","author":"Sherman Lawrence","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lawrence Sherman . 2000. SOCIOMETRY IN THE CLASSROOM. Retrieved September 9, 2019 from http:\/\/www.users.miamioh.edu\/shermalw\/sociometryfiles\/sociocl.htmlx Lawrence Sherman. 2000. SOCIOMETRY IN THE CLASSROOM. Retrieved September 9, 2019 from http:\/\/www.users.miamioh.edu\/shermalw\/sociometryfiles\/sociocl.htmlx"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Georg Siemens. 2005. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning. Obtained through the Internet: http:\/\/www.idtl.org\/Journal\/Jam_05\/article01.htm. [Accessed Sept. 2008].  Georg Siemens. 2005. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning. Obtained through the Internet: http:\/\/www.idtl.org\/Journal\/Jam_05\/article01.htm. [Accessed Sept. 2008]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert E. Slavin. 1983. When does cooperative learning increase student achievement? Psychological bulletin 94 3: 429.  Robert E. Slavin. 1983. When does cooperative learning increase student achievement? Psychological bulletin 94 3: 429.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.94.3.429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Lee Ann Miller, and Cheryl Murphy","author":"Sperling Rayne A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rayne A. Sperling , Bruce C. Howard , Lee Ann Miller, and Cheryl Murphy . 2002 . Measures of children's knowledge and regulation of cognition. Contemporary educational psychology 27, 1: 51\u201379. Rayne A. Sperling, Bruce C. Howard, Lee Ann Miller, and Cheryl Murphy. 2002. Measures of children's knowledge and regulation of cognition. Contemporary educational psychology 27, 1: 51\u201379."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02568549609594895"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2016.7745172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Anna Every Swai. 2013. The Effects of Incentive Initiatives on Teacher Retention in Tanzania: A Case of the Rukwa Region.  Anna Every Swai. 2013. The Effects of Incentive Initiatives on Teacher Retention in Tanzania: A Case of the Rukwa Region."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-0593(00)00036-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1434812.1434820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10510978809363232"},{"volume-title":"Theories in intercultural communication","author":"Ting-Toomey Stella","key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"Stella Ting-Toomey . 1988. Intercultural conflict styles: a face-negotiation theory . In Theories in intercultural communication , Y. Kim and W. Gudykunst (eds.). SAGE , Newbury Park, CA , 213\u2013235. Stella Ting-Toomey. 1988. Intercultural conflict styles: a face-negotiation theory. In Theories in intercultural communication, Y. Kim and W. Gudykunst (eds.). SAGE, Newbury Park, CA, 213\u2013235."},{"volume-title":"Voices from the language classroom","author":"Tsui A.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","unstructured":"A. Tsui . 1996. Reticence and anxiety in second language teaching . In Voices from the language classroom , K. Bailey and D. Nunan (eds.). Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , 145\u2013167. A. Tsui. 1996. Reticence and anxiety in second language teaching. In Voices from the language classroom, K. Bailey and D. Nunan (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 145\u2013167."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314344.3332501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209811.3209881"},{"volume-title":"The Effectiveness of Publicly vs","author":"Uchidiuno Judith","key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Judith Uchidiuno , Evelyn Yarzebinski , Emilio Vargas-Vite , Ken Koedinger , and Amy Ogan . 2019. The Effectiveness of Publicly vs . Privately Assigned Group Leaders among Learners in Rural Villages in Tanzania. Judith Uchidiuno, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Emilio Vargas-Vite, Ken Koedinger, and Amy Ogan. 2019. The Effectiveness of Publicly vs. Privately Assigned Group Leaders among Learners in Rural Villages in Tanzania."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"Ema Ushioda. 1996. Learner autonomy 5: The role of motivation. Authentik.  Ema Ushioda. 1996. Learner autonomy 5: The role of motivation. Authentik."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30139-4_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-013-0001-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2014.02.003"},{"volume-title":"Promoting mathematics achievement, academic efficacy, and cognitive development of at-risk adolescents through deliberate psychological education","author":"White Paula Michele","key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","unstructured":"Paula Michele White . 2000. Promoting mathematics achievement, academic efficacy, and cognitive development of at-risk adolescents through deliberate psychological education . University of Houston. Paula Michele White. 2000. Promoting mathematics achievement, academic efficacy, and cognitive development of at-risk adolescents through deliberate psychological education. University of Houston."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Claire Sangster, Valeska Grau, Sue Bingham, Qais Almeqdad, and Demetra Demetriou.","author":"Whitebread David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David Whitebread , Penny Coltman , Deborah Pino Pasternak , Claire Sangster, Valeska Grau, Sue Bingham, Qais Almeqdad, and Demetra Demetriou. 2009 . The development of two observational tools for assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children. Metacognition and learning 4, 1: 63\u201385. David Whitebread, Penny Coltman, Deborah Pino Pasternak, Claire Sangster, Valeska Grau, Sue Bingham, Qais Almeqdad, and Demetra Demetriou. 2009. The development of two observational tools for assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children. Metacognition and learning 4, 1: 63\u201385."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","unstructured":"L Xiao. 2006. Bridging the gap between teaching styles and learning styles: a cross-cultural perspective. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language 10 3: 1\u201315.  L Xiao. 2006. Bridging the gap between teaching styles and learning styles: a cross-cultural perspective. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language 10 3: 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Schunk","author":"Zimmerman Barry J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barry J. Zimmerman and Dale H . Schunk . 2011 . Self-regulated learning and performance. Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance: 1\u201312. Barry J. Zimmerman and Dale H. Schunk. 2011. Self-regulated learning and performance. Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance: 1\u201312."},{"volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2019","key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","unstructured":"2013. Teacher Allocation and Absenteeism in East Africa:: KiuFunza:: Twaweza.org . Retrieved August 29, 2019 from https:\/\/www.twaweza.org\/go\/teacher-absenteeism-in-east-africa 2013. Teacher Allocation and Absenteeism in East Africa:: KiuFunza:: Twaweza.org. Retrieved August 29, 2019 from https:\/\/www.twaweza.org\/go\/teacher-absenteeism-in-east-africa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"Rethinking languages of instruction in African schools | Development Education Review. Retrieved August 6 2020 from https:\/\/www.developmenteducationreview.com\/issue\/issue-4\/rethinking-languages-instruction-african-schools  Rethinking languages of instruction in African schools | Development Education Review. Retrieved August 6 2020 from https:\/\/www.developmenteducationreview.com\/issue\/issue-4\/rethinking-languages-instruction-african-schools"}],"event":{"name":"CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"],"location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '21"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3411764.3445144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3411764.3445144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:28:42Z","timestamp":1750195722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3411764.3445144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3411764.3445144","10.1145\/3411764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411764.3445144","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}