{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:25:59Z","timestamp":1776126359096,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":62,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445610","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T03:50:37Z","timestamp":1620445837000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":272,"title":["What Makes a Dark Pattern... Dark?"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Arunesh","family":"Mathur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, United States"}]},{"given":"Mihir","family":"Kshirsagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, United States"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Howard Beales. 2003. The FTC\u2019s Use of Unfairness Authority: Its Rise Fall and Resurrection. https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/public-statements\/2003\/05\/ftcs-use-unfairness-authority-its-rise-fall-and-resurrection.  J.\u00a0Howard Beales. 2003. The FTC\u2019s Use of Unfairness Authority: Its Rise Fall and Resurrection. https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/public-statements\/2003\/05\/ftcs-use-unfairness-authority-its-rise-fall-and-resurrection.","DOI":"10.1509\/jppm.22.2.192.17644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0743915619859852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/darkpatterns.org\/. Accessed","author":"Brignull Harry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harry Brignull . 2018. Dark Patterns . https:\/\/darkpatterns.org\/. Accessed September 9, 2020 . Harry Brignull. 2018. Dark Patterns. https:\/\/darkpatterns.org\/. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2016-0038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"995","article-title":"Digital market manipulation. Geo","volume":"82","author":"Calo Ryan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ryan Calo . 2013 . Digital market manipulation. Geo . Wash. L. Rev. 82 (2013), 995 . Ryan Calo. 2013. Digital market manipulation. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 82(2013), 995.","journal-title":"Wash. L. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1623","article-title":"The taking economy: Uber, information, and power","volume":"117","author":"Calo Ryan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ryan Calo and Alex Rosenblat . 2017 . The taking economy: Uber, information, and power . Colum. L. Rev. 117 (2017), 1623 . Ryan Calo and Alex Rosenblat. 2017. The taking economy: Uber, information, and power. Colum. L. Rev. 117(2017), 1623.","journal-title":"Colum. L. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century. https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/public_events\/1418273\/ftc_hearings_session_12_transcript_day_1_4-9-19.pdf","author":"Federal\u00a0Trade Commission","unstructured":"Federal\u00a0Trade Commission . 2019. Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century. https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/public_events\/1418273\/ftc_hearings_session_12_transcript_day_1_4-9-19.pdf . Federal\u00a0Trade Commission. 2019. Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century. https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/public_events\/1418273\/ftc_hearings_session_12_transcript_day_1_4-9-19.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Online platforms and digital advertising market study. https:\/\/assets","author":"Markets Authority Competition","year":"2020","unstructured":"Competition and Markets Authority . 2020. Online platforms and digital advertising market study. https:\/\/assets .publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5efc3faae90e075c4e144c69\/Appendix_Y_-_Fairness_by_Design_Final_Version_v.8.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2020 . Competition and Markets Authority. 2020. Online platforms and digital advertising market study. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5efc3faae90e075c4e144c69\/Appendix_Y_-_Fairness_by_Design_Final_Version_v.8.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"757","article-title":"Compared to What-The Use of Control Ads in Deceptive Advertising Litigation","volume":"65","author":"Craswell Richard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richard Craswell . 1996 . Compared to What-The Use of Control Ads in Deceptive Advertising Litigation . Antitrust LJ 65 (1996), 757 . Richard Craswell. 1996. Compared to What-The Use of Control Ads in Deceptive Advertising Litigation. Antitrust LJ 65(1996), 757.","journal-title":"Antitrust LJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Gregory Day and Abbey Stemler. 2020. Are Dark Patterns Anticompetitive?Alabama Law Review 72(2020) 1\u201345.  Gregory Day and Abbey Stemler. 2020. Are Dark Patterns Anticompetitive?Alabama Law Review 72(2020) 1\u201345."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Instacart Hounds Workers to Take Jobs That Aren\u2019t Worth It. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-07-15\/instacart-hounds-workers-to-take-jobs-that-aren-t-worth-it. Accessed","author":"Eidelson Josh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Josh Eidelson . 2019. Instacart Hounds Workers to Take Jobs That Aren\u2019t Worth It. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-07-15\/instacart-hounds-workers-to-take-jobs-that-aren-t-worth-it. Accessed September 9, 2020 . Josh Eidelson. 2019. Instacart Hounds Workers to Take Jobs That Aren\u2019t Worth It. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-07-15\/instacart-hounds-workers-to-take-jobs-that-aren-t-worth-it. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Consent under the GDPR: valid, freely given, specific, informed and active consent. https:\/\/www.i-scoop.eu\/gdpr\/consent-gdpr\/. Accessed","author":"European Parliament and Council of European Union. 2018.","year":"2020","unstructured":"European Parliament and Council of European Union. 2018. Consent under the GDPR: valid, freely given, specific, informed and active consent. https:\/\/www.i-scoop.eu\/gdpr\/consent-gdpr\/. Accessed September 9, 2020 . European Parliament and Council of European Union. 2018. Consent under the GDPR: valid, freely given, specific, informed and active consent. https:\/\/www.i-scoop.eu\/gdpr\/consent-gdpr\/. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/301353.301396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316544846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Frobrukerr\u00e5det. 2018. Deceived by design: How tech companies use dark patterns to discourage us from exercising our rights to privacy.  Frobrukerr\u00e5det. 2018. Deceived by design: How tech companies use dark patterns to discourage us from exercising our rights to privacy."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2006.121.2.505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357236.3395486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2598510.2598541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"630","article-title":"Taking behavioralism seriously: The problem of market manipulation","volume":"74","author":"Hanson D","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jon\u00a0 D Hanson and Douglas\u00a0 A Kysar . 1999 . Taking behavioralism seriously: The problem of market manipulation . NYUL Rev. 74 (1999), 630 . Jon\u00a0D Hanson and Douglas\u00a0A Kysar. 1999. Taking behavioralism seriously: The problem of market manipulation. NYUL Rev. 74(1999), 630.","journal-title":"NYUL Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Privacy\u2019s blueprint: the battle to control the design of new technologies","author":"Hartzog Woodrow","unstructured":"Woodrow Hartzog . 2018. Privacy\u2019s blueprint: the battle to control the design of new technologies . Harvard University Press . Woodrow Hartzog. 2018. Privacy\u2019s blueprint: the battle to control the design of new technologies. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Video games, loot boxes, and your money. https:\/\/www.consumer.ftc.gov\/blog\/2019\/09\/video-games-loot-boxes-and-your-money. Accessed","author":"Hebert Amy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amy Hebert . 2019. Video games, loot boxes, and your money. https:\/\/www.consumer.ftc.gov\/blog\/2019\/09\/video-games-loot-boxes-and-your-money. Accessed September 9, 2020 . Amy Hebert. 2019. Video games, loot boxes, and your money. https:\/\/www.consumer.ftc.gov\/blog\/2019\/09\/video-games-loot-boxes-and-your-money. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Designing a Pattern, Darkly","volume":"22","author":"Hurwitz Justin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Justin Hurwitz . 2020 . Designing a Pattern, Darkly . NCJL & Tech. 22 (2020), 57 . Justin Hurwitz. 2020. Designing a Pattern, Darkly. NCJL & Tech. 22(2020), 57.","journal-title":"NCJL & Tech."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eric\u00a0J Johnson and Daniel Goldstein. 2003. Do defaults save lives?  Eric\u00a0J Johnson and Daniel Goldstein. 2003. Do defaults save lives?","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3378680.3378736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Research methods in human-computer interaction. Morgan Kaufmann","author":"Lazar Jonathan","unstructured":"Jonathan Lazar , Jinjuan\u00a0Heidi Feng , and Harry Hochheiser . 2017. Research methods in human-computer interaction. Morgan Kaufmann , Boston . Jonathan Lazar, Jinjuan\u00a0Heidi Feng, and Harry Hochheiser. 2017. Research methods in human-computer interaction. Morgan Kaufmann, Boston."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4302-6422-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Shining a Light on Dark Patterns. Journal of Legal Analysis 12","author":"Luguri Jamie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jamie Luguri and Lior Strahilevitz . 2020. Shining a Light on Dark Patterns. Journal of Legal Analysis 12 ( 2020 ), Forthcoming . Jamie Luguri and Lior Strahilevitz. 2020. Shining a Light on Dark Patterns. Journal of Legal Analysis 12 (2020), Forthcoming."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2020-0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17011\/ht\/urn.202008245641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3400899.3400901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Manipulative actions: a conceptual and moral analysis","volume":"33","author":"Noggle Robert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Robert Noggle . 1996 . Manipulative actions: a conceptual and moral analysis . American Philosophical Quarterly 33 , 1 (1996), 43 \u2013 55 . Robert Noggle. 1996. Manipulative actions: a conceptual and moral analysis. American Philosophical Quarterly 33, 1 (1996), 43\u201355.","journal-title":"American Philosophical Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Qualified Statewide Ballot Measures. https:\/\/www.oag.ca.gov\/system\/files\/initiatives\/pdfs\/19-0021A1%20%28Consumer%20Privacy%20-%20Version%203%29_1.pdf. Accessed","author":"State California\u00a0Secretary","year":"2020","unstructured":"California\u00a0Secretary of State . 2020. Qualified Statewide Ballot Measures. https:\/\/www.oag.ca.gov\/system\/files\/initiatives\/pdfs\/19-0021A1%20%28Consumer%20Privacy%20-%20Version%203%29_1.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2020 . California\u00a0Secretary of State. 2020. Qualified Statewide Ballot Measures. https:\/\/www.oag.ca.gov\/system\/files\/initiatives\/pdfs\/19-0021A1%20%28Consumer%20Privacy%20-%20Version%203%29_1.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Ways of Knowing in HCI","author":"Olson S.","unstructured":"Judith\u00a0 S. Olson and Wendy\u00a0 A. Kellogg . 2014. Ways of Knowing in HCI . Springer Publishing Company, Inc orporated, USA. Judith\u00a0S. Olson and Wendy\u00a0A. Kellogg. 2014. Ways of Knowing in HCI. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Shaping Choices in the Digital World. https:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/cnil_ip_report_06_shaping_choices_in_the_digital_world.pdf. Accessed","author":"National\u00a0Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL). 2020.","year":"2020","unstructured":"National\u00a0Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL). 2020. Shaping Choices in the Digital World. https:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/cnil_ip_report_06_shaping_choices_in_the_digital_world.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2020 . National\u00a0Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL). 2020. Shaping Choices in the Digital World. https:\/\/linc.cnil.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/cnil_ip_report_06_shaping_choices_in_the_digital_world.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1340281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/292086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Addiction by design: Machine gambling in Las Vegas","author":"Sch\u00fcll Natasha\u00a0Dow","unstructured":"Natasha\u00a0Dow Sch\u00fcll . 2014. Addiction by design: Machine gambling in Las Vegas . Princeton University Press . Natasha\u00a0Dow Sch\u00fcll. 2014. Addiction by design: Machine gambling in Las Vegas. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Consumers Are Becoming Wise to Your Nudge. https:\/\/behavioralscientist.org\/consumers-are-becoming-wise-to-your-nudge\/. Accessed","author":"Shaw Simon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simon Shaw . 2019. Consumers Are Becoming Wise to Your Nudge. https:\/\/behavioralscientist.org\/consumers-are-becoming-wise-to-your-nudge\/. Accessed September 9, 2020 . Simon Shaw. 2019. Consumers Are Becoming Wise to Your Nudge. https:\/\/behavioralscientist.org\/consumers-are-becoming-wise-to-your-nudge\/. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/40041279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/bpp.2016.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/bpp.2019.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Online Manipulation: Hidden Influences in a Digital World","volume":"4","author":"Susser Daniel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daniel Susser , Beate Roessler , and Helen Nissenbaum . 2020 . Online Manipulation: Hidden Influences in a Digital World . Georgetown Law Technology Review 4 (2020), 45 . Daniel Susser, Beate Roessler, and Helen Nissenbaum. 2020. Online Manipulation: Hidden Influences in a Digital World. Georgetown Law Technology Review 4 (2020), 45.","journal-title":"Georgetown Law Technology Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Measuring cognitive load. Perspectives on medical education 7, 1","author":"Sweller John","year":"2018","unstructured":"John Sweller . 2018. Measuring cognitive load. Perspectives on medical education 7, 1 ( 2018 ), 1\u20132. John Sweller. 2018. Measuring cognitive load. Perspectives on medical education 7, 1 (2018), 1\u20132."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau9241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness","author":"Thaler H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0 H Thaler and Cass\u00a0 R Sunstein . 2009 . Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness . Penguin . Richard\u00a0H Thaler and Cass\u00a0R Sunstein. 2009. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Penguin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"\u201cDark Patterns\u201d. https:\/\/www.fischer.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/2019\/4\/senators-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-to-ban-manipulative-dark-patterns. Accessed","author":"Warner Mark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mark Warner and Debra Fischer . 2019. Senators Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Ban Manipulative \u201cDark Patterns\u201d. https:\/\/www.fischer.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/2019\/4\/senators-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-to-ban-manipulative-dark-patterns. Accessed September 9, 2020 . Mark Warner and Debra Fischer. 2019. Senators Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Ban Manipulative \u201cDark Patterns\u201d. https:\/\/www.fischer.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/2019\/4\/senators-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-to-ban-manipulative-dark-patterns. Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368860.3368865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9248.2012.00974.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"manipulation, exploitation. Manipulation: Theory and practice 1","author":"Wood Allen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allen Wood . 2014. Coercion , manipulation, exploitation. Manipulation: Theory and practice 1 ( 2014 ), 17\u201350. Allen Wood. 2014. Coercion, manipulation, exploitation. Manipulation: Theory and practice 1 (2014), 17\u201350."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Foundations of Digital Games","author":"Zagal P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jos\u00e9\u00a0 P Zagal , Staffan Bj\u00f6rk , and Chris Lewis . 2013. Dark patterns in the design of games . In Foundations of Digital Games 2013 . Society for the Advancement of the Science of Digital Games, Santa Cruz, CA , 8. Jos\u00e9\u00a0P Zagal, Staffan Bj\u00f6rk, and Chris Lewis. 2013. Dark patterns in the design of games. In Foundations of Digital Games 2013. Society for the Advancement of the Science of Digital Games, Santa Cruz, CA, 8."}],"event":{"name":"CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '21","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3411764.3445610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3411764.3445610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:28:38Z","timestamp":1750195718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3411764.3445610"}},"subtitle":["Design Attributes, Normative Considerations, and Measurement Methods"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3411764.3445610","10.1145\/3411764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411764.3445610","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}