{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T18:31:21Z","timestamp":1782325881002,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":36,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","award":["TIN2016-75944-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2016-75944-R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011688","name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["737494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["737494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3412569.3412582","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T08:20:43Z","timestamp":1602663643000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Participation Inequality and the 90-9-1 Principle in Open Source"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Mattia","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Claris\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polit\u00e9cnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Cabot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICREA, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183519.3183549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308560.3316705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1718918.1718942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1134285.1134336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Statistical physics of social dynamics. Reviews of modern physics 81, 2","author":"Castellano Claudio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Claudio Castellano , Santo Fortunato , and Vittorio Loreto . 2009. Statistical physics of social dynamics. Reviews of modern physics 81, 2 ( 2009 ), 591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.591 Claudio Castellano, Santo Fortunato, and Vittorio Loreto. 2009. Statistical physics of social dynamics. Reviews of modern physics 81, 2 (2009), 591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Cosma Rohilla Shalizi, and Mark EJ Newman","author":"Clauset Aaron","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aaron Clauset , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi, and Mark EJ Newman . 2009 . Power-law distributions in empirical data. SIAM review 51, 4 (2009), 661--703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/070710111 Aaron Clauset, Cosma Rohilla Shalizi, and Mark EJ Newman. 2009. Power-law distributions in empirical data. SIAM review 51, 4 (2009), 661--703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/070710111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER.2015.7081864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2682323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2013.850158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Analysis of the Core Team Role in Open Source Communities. In International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS'11)","author":"del Roc\u00edo Mart\u00ednez Torres Mar\u00eda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mar\u00eda del Roc\u00edo Mart\u00ednez Torres , Sergio L. Toral , Manuel A. Perales , and Federico Barrero . 2011 . Analysis of the Core Team Role in Open Source Communities. In International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS'11) . IEEE, 109--114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CISIS.2011.25 Mar\u00eda del Roc\u00edo Mart\u00ednez Torres, Sergio L. Toral, Manuel A. Perales, and Federico Barrero. 2011. Analysis of the Core Team Role in Open Source Communities. In International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS'11). IEEE, 109--114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CISIS.2011.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002785029004003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Roads and bridges: The unseen labor behind our digital infrastructure","author":"Eghbal Nadia","unstructured":"Nadia Eghbal . 2016. Roads and bridges: The unseen labor behind our digital infrastructure . Ford Foundation . Nadia Eghbal. 2016. Roads and bridges: The unseen labor behind our digital infrastructure. Ford Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"An introduction to textual econometrics. Handbook of empirical economics and finance","author":"Fagan Stephen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stephen Fagan and Ramazan Gen\u00e7ay . 2011. An introduction to textual econometrics. Handbook of empirical economics and finance ( 2011 ), 133--154. Stephen Fagan and Ramazan Gen\u00e7ay. 2011. An introduction to textual econometrics. Handbook of empirical economics and finance (2011), 133--154."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"The tragedy of the commons: twenty-two years later. Human ecology 18, 1","author":"Feeny David","year":"1990","unstructured":"David Feeny , Fikret Berkes , Bonnie J McCay , and James M Acheson . 1990. The tragedy of the commons: twenty-two years later. Human ecology 18, 1 ( 1990 ), 1--19. David Feeny, Fikret Berkes, Bonnie J McCay, and James M Acheson. 1990. The tragedy of the commons: twenty-two years later. Human ecology 18, 1 (1990), 1--19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"5th International Workshop on Software Quality and Maintainability. 74--82","author":"Goeminne Mathieu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathieu Goeminne and Tom Mens . 2011 . Evidence for the Pareto principle in open source software activity . In 5th International Workshop on Software Quality and Maintainability. 74--82 . Mathieu Goeminne and Tom Mens. 2011. Evidence for the Pareto principle in open source software activity. In 5th International Workshop on Software Quality and Maintainability. 74--82."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"The myth of digital democracy","author":"Hindman Matthew","unstructured":"Matthew Hindman . 2008. The myth of digital democracy . Princeton University Press . Matthew Hindman. 2008. The myth of digital democracy. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Open source software and the \"private-collective\" innovation model: Issues for organization science","author":"von Hippel Eric","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eric von Hippel and Georg von Krogh . 2003. Open source software and the \"private-collective\" innovation model: Issues for organization science . Organization science 14, 2 ( 2003 ), 209--223. Eric von Hippel and Georg von Krogh. 2003. Open source software and the \"private-collective\" innovation model: Issues for organization science. Organization science 14, 2 (2003), 209--223."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"The Promises and Perils of Mining GitHub. In 11th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR'14)","author":"Kalliamvakou Eirini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eirini Kalliamvakou , Georgios Gousios , Kelly Blincoe , Leif Singer , Daniel M. German , and Daniela Damian . 2014 . The Promises and Perils of Mining GitHub. In 11th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR'14) . ACM, 92--101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2597073.2597074 Eirini Kalliamvakou, Georgios Gousios, Kelly Blincoe, Leif Singer, Daniel M. German, and Daniela Damian. 2014. The Promises and Perils of Mining GitHub. In 11th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR'14). ACM, 92--101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2597073.2597074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1060.0551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Produktentwicklung mit virtuellen Communities","author":"Lakhani Karim R","unstructured":"Karim R Lakhani and Eric Von Hippel . 2004. How open source software works: 'free' user-to-user assistance . In Produktentwicklung mit virtuellen Communities . Springer , 303--339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-322-84540-5_13 Karim R Lakhani and Eric Von Hippel. 2004. How open source software works: 'free' user-to-user assistance. In Produktentwicklung mit virtuellen Communities. Springer, 303--339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-322-84540-5_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491411.2491415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39696-5_31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Open Source Software Development and Lotka's Law: Bibliometric Patterns in Programming. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 54 (01","author":"Newby Gregory","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gregory Newby , Jane Greenberg , and Paul Jones . 2003. Open Source Software Development and Lotka's Law: Bibliometric Patterns in Programming. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 54 (01 2003 ), 169--178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.10177 Gregory Newby, Jane Greenberg, and Paul Jones. 2003. Open Source Software Development and Lotka's Law: Bibliometric Patterns in Programming. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 54 (01 2003), 169--178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.10177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Pareto distributions and Zipf's law. Contemporary physics 46, 5","author":"Newman Mark E.J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mark E.J. Newman . 2005. Power laws , Pareto distributions and Zipf's law. Contemporary physics 46, 5 ( 2005 ), 323--351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00107510500052444 Mark E.J. Newman. 2005. Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law. Contemporary physics 46, 5 (2005), 323--351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00107510500052444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"The 90-9-1 rule for participation inequality in social media and online communities. https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/participation-inequality\/. [Online","author":"Nielsen Jakob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jakob Nielsen . 2006. The 90-9-1 rule for participation inequality in social media and online communities. https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/participation-inequality\/. [Online ; accessed 14- Apr- 2020 ]. Jakob Nielsen. 2006. The 90-9-1 rule for participation inequality in social media and online communities. https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/participation-inequality\/. [Online; accessed 14-Apr-2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Lotka's law revisited","volume":"30","author":"Potter William Gray","year":"1981","unstructured":"William Gray Potter . 1981 . Lotka's law revisited . Library Trends 30 , 1 (1981), 21 -- 39 . William Gray Potter. 1981. Lotka's law revisited. Library Trends 30, 1 (1981), 21--39.","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2009.5069497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3233391.3233536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Sol\u00e9","author":"Valverde Sergi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sergi Valverde and Ricard V . Sol\u00e9 . 2007 . Self-organization versus hierarchy in open-source social networks. Physical review. E, Statistical , nonlinear, and soft matter physics 76 (11 2007), 046118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.76.046118 Sergi Valverde and Ricard V. Sol\u00e9. 2007. Self-organization versus hierarchy in open-source social networks. Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 76 (11 2007), 046118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.76.046118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2804360.2804366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.06.040"}],"event":{"name":"OpenSym 2020: 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration","location":"Virtual conference Spain","acronym":"OpenSym 2020","sponsor":["TJEF: The John Ernest Foundation"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3412569.3412582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3412569.3412582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:25:02Z","timestamp":1750195502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3412569.3412582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3412569.3412582","10.1145\/3412569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3412569.3412582","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}